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Group of single-celled microbes
Discoba is a diverse lineage of single-celled protists with two flagella. It is one of the main supergroups of eukaryotes, robustly supported by phylogenetic
Discoba
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
paraphyletic. The proposed phylogeny below includes two groups of excavates (Discoba and Metamonada), and incorporates the 2021 proposal that picozoans are
Eukaryote
Order of flagellates
Malawimonadida as the sister group of Discoba or Metamonada. Very few modern analyses recover the three clades, Malawimonadida, Discoba and Metamonada, as a monophyletic
Malawimonad
Spore-forming organisms
distantly related eukaryotic organisms in the Stramenopiles, Rhizaria, Discoba, Amoebozoa and Holomycota clades. Most are near-microscopic; those in the
Slime_mold
Clade of eukaryotes
excavates, a paraphyletic group composed of the most basal eukaryotes (i.e., Discoba, Metamonada and Malawimonada); they are likely the ancestral traits of
Diaphoretickes
Eukaryote clade consisting of most protists
These four groups, are traditionally grouped together in the Discoba. However, the Discoba may well be paraphyletic as the neokaryotes may have emerged
Neokaryotes
Proposed taxon
from Loukozoa, placing it instead in Discoba. With the root of the Eukaryota likely close to or in Loukozoa or Discoba, these groupings are studied to give
Loukozoa
Hypothesis for classification of life
Stramenopiles – includes brown algae Amoebozoa – solitary and social amoebae Discoba – includes euglenoids Each of the three cell types tends to fit into recurring
Three-domain_system
Classification of eukaryotes
David (September 2025). "A Deeply Branching Lineage in Heterolobosea (Discoba) With Multiflagellated and Multigrooved Life Stages". Journal of Eukaryotic
Protist_classification
Group including fungi, animals and various protozoa
stem groups. The Metamonada are hard to place, being sister possibly to Discoba or to Malawimonadida or being a paraphyletic group external to all other
Amorphea
Superkingdom of eukaryotes
phylogenetic tree with the metamonad Parabasalia as basal eukaryotes. Discoba and the rest of the Eukaryota appear to have emerged as sister taxon to
Metakaryota
Obsolete grouping of single-celled organisms
often do not place malawimonads on the same branch as the other Excavata. Discoba and Metamonada still form a monophyletic group in some trees, which can
Excavata
Biological kingdom
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Animal
Informal classification rank for living beings
free-living protozoan groups Collodictyonidae, Rigifilida and Mantamonas. Discoba, constituted by Discicristata (Euglenozoa and Heterolobosea), Jakobida
Supergroup_(biology)
Taxonomic clade
Cabozoa. Another proposal is to group Discicristata with Jakobida into Discoba superphylum. Excavata Cavalier-Smith T (November 2003). "The excavate protozoan
Discicristata
Form of algae symbiosis
SAR supergroup Rhizaria Foraminifera Alveolata Dinoflagellata Ciliata Discoba Euglenozoa Rapazida Animalia Spiralia Platyhelminthes Rhabdocoela Gastropoda
Kleptoplasty
Single-celled organisms
eukaryotic groups. The Metamonada are hard to place, being sister possibly to Discoba, possibly to Malawimonada. Reproduction in Protozoa can be sexual or asexual
Protozoa
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Fungus
Microorganisms in freshwater ponds
most algae), Amorphea (e.g. crustaceans and other small animals) and Discoba (euglenids). In other contexts, the term is used to define various aquatic
Infusoria
Phylum of protozoans
Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of
Euglenozoa
Clade of eukaryotes
Jakobea) of free-living, heterotrophic, flagellar eukaryotes in the clade Discoba. They are small (less than 15 μm), and can be found in aerobic and anaerobic
Jakobid
Phylum of eukaryotic microbes
Malawimonadida Ancyromonadida Podiata CRuMs Amoebozoa Obazoa ⊟ Diphoda Discoba Metamonada Diaphoretickes Archaeplastida Pancryptista Haptista Telonemia
Caelestes
Clade of seed plants that produce flowers
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Flowering_plant
Process of forming the first eukaryotic cell
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Eukaryogenesis
Theoretical clade in the Eukaryota taxonomical domain
Eukaryota Metamonada Diphoda Discoba Diaphoretickes Opimoda Ancyromonadida Malawimonadida Podiata CRuMs Amorphea Amoebozoa Obazoa Breviatea Opisthokonta
Scotokaryotes
Group of protists with at least one whip-like appendage
(F), some archamoebae (F/S) Opisthokonta: choanoflagellates (F) Excavata Discoba: jakobids (F), kinetoplastids (bodonids, F/P, trypanosomatids, P), euglenids
Flagellate
Genus of excavates
Tsukubamonas is a unicellular heterotrophic, biflagellated excavate of the Discoba clade (along with jakobids, euglenozoans and percolozoans) with only one
Tsukubamonas
Domain of microorganisms
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Bacteria
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
larger clades, various groups of protists with primitive cell architecture (Discoba, Metamonada, and Malawimonadida) are collectively known as the excavates
Protist
Group of single-celled organisms
Eukaryotes Diphoda Diaphoretickes (inc. plants) Discoba Bikonts Ancyromonadida Malawimonada Podiata CRuMs Amorphea Amoebozoa Obazoa Breviatea Apusomonadidae
Obazoa
Fossil flagellate
Scale bar: 10 μm. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Euglenida Genus: †Moyeria Thusu 1973, emend.
Moyeria
Study of plant life
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Botany
Species of single-celled organism
Cryptaulaxella elegans Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Kinetoplastea Order: Neobodonida Family: Neobodonidae
Cryptaulaxella_elegans
Species of amoeboid protist
March 2025). "Validating the genus Pocheina (Acrasidae, Heterolobosea, Discoba) leads to the recognition of three major lineages within Acrasida". Journal
Pocheina_rosea
Subclade of green plants, also known as land plants
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Embryophyte
Family of micro-organisms
the main lineage of anaerobic/microaerophilic heteroloboseans (excavata: Discoba)". Protist. 63 (6): 807–831. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.002. PMID 22192530
Vahlkampfiidae
Kingdom of organisms
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Plant
Basal animal clade as a sister group of the Porifera
animal phyla Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Eumetazoa
Matter with biological processes
Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota Amorphea (including animals and fungi) CRuMs Discoba Metamonada Malawimonadida Ancyromonadida Hemimastigophora Provora Diaphoretickes
Life
Clade of plants with xylem and phloem
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Vascular_plant
Supergroup of eukaryotic microbes
related to Hemimastigophora, Provora, and Caelestes than to Metamonada, Discoba, Sar, Telonemia, Haptista, Pancryptista, Archaeplastida, Amoebozoa, Obazoa
Disparia
Cellular body type
Eukaryotes Discoba euglenids, etc. Heterolobosea Diaphoretickes plants, etc. Haptista Centroplasthelida haptophytes SAR Stramenopiles alveolates Rhizaria
Amoeba
Group of predatory microbes
Diaphoretickes TSAR SAR Telonemia Haptista Provora Cryptista Archaeplastida Discoba Provora Hemimastigophora Meteora sporadica Metamonada Ancyromonadida Malawimonadida
Provora
Genus of single-celled organisms
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Cyclospora
Class of flagellates
mitochondrial endosymbionts. Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few
Symbiontida
Group of eukaryotes
substitutes to the older terms. The name Diphoda is formed from the letters of DIscoba and diaPHOretickes (shown in capitals). [suggested singular forms are Opneme-Dipheme
Bikont
Contagious protist
Trypanosoma brucei evansi Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Kinetoplastea Order: Trypanosomatida Family:
Trypanosoma_brucei_evansi
Species of protozoa
fowleri's lifecycle Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Heterolobosea Class: Eutetramitea Order: Naegleriida Family: Naegleriidae
Naegleria_fowleri
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Gram-positive_bacteria
Group of seed plants
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Conifer
Division of naked-seeded dioecious plants
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Cycad
Clade of protists
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
CRuMs
Species of bird
Trypanosoma phedinae Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Kinetoplastea Order: Trypanosomatida Family:
Trypanosoma_phedinae
Phylum of microbes in Provora
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Nebulid
Kingdom of archaea
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Methanobacteriati
Domain of organisms
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Archaea
Species of protist
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Tetradimorpha_pterbica
Plants that reproduce with seeds
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Seed_plant
Genus of archaea
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Promethearchaeum
Enigmatic genus of prehistoric eukaryotes
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Tawuia
Clade of eukaryotic microbes
Malawimonadida Ancyromonadida Podiata CRuMs Amoebozoa Obazoa ⊟ Diphoda Discoba Metamonada Diaphoretickes Archaeplastida Pancryptista Haptista Telonemia
Membrifera
Genus of single-celled organisms
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Cryptosporidium
Genus of protozoa
Protonaegleria Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Heterolobosea Order: Schizopyrenida Family: Vahlkampfiidae Genus: Protonaegleria
Protonaegleria
Order of protozoa
Scale bar: 10 μm. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Euglenida Order: Petalomonadida Cavalier-Smith
Petalomonadida
Subspecies of kinetoplastid
Trypanosoma brucei equiperdum Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Kinetoplastea Order: Trypanosomatida Family:
Trypanosoma_brucei_equiperdum
Clade of protists
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Rhizaria
Order of bacteria
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Campylobacteria
Genus of flagellates
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Divimonas
Species of parasitic flagellate protist in the Kinetoplastea class
a person with SLE. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Kinetoplastea Order: Trypanosomatida Family:
Crithidia_luciliae
Phylum of single-celled organisms
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Radiolaria
Genus of deciduous conifers in the family Pinaceae
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Larch
Genus of gymnosperms in the family Ephedraceae
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Ephedra_(plant)
Species of Euglena
divided into several groups. Now, Euglenozoa is placed below a group in Discoba. According to molecular evidence, phylogenetic relationships between Euglena
Euglena_viridis
Unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Prokaryote
Clade of eukaryotes
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Pancryptista
Division or phylum of fungi
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Ascomycota
Division of plant life
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Red_algae
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Gram-negative_bacteria
Clade of non-flowering, naked-seeded vascular plants
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Gymnosperm
Genus of coniferous evergreen trees
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Spruce
Clade containing animals and some protists
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Holozoa
Genus of bacteria
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Streptococcus
Genus of eukaryotic microbes
Opimoda Malawimonadida Ancyromonadida Podiata CRuMs Amoebozoa Obazoa Diphoda Discoba Metamonada Diaphoretickes Archaeplastida Pancryptista Haptista Telonemia
Solarion
Group of microorganisms with two flagella
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Apusomonad
Genus of protists
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Palpitomonas
Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Ciliate
Genus of single-celled heterokonts
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Kaonashia
Species of parasitic euglenoids (protozoans)
compared to other species. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Kinetoplastea Order: Trypanosomatida Family:
Trypanosoma_cruzi
Fossil holozoan
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Bicellum
Clade of eukaryotes containing land plants and some algae
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Archaeplastida
Genus of vascular plants
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Equisetum
Genus of coniferous trees
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Fir
Genus of gram-negative bacteria
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Campylobacter
Division of typically non-vascular land plants
Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Moss
Clade of archaeplastids
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Rhodaria_(protist)
Eukaryotic supergroup that comprises stramenopiles, alveolates and rhizarians
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
SAR_supergroup
Genus of bacteria
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
Shigella
Family of slime moulds
trunk-like and do not contain a cellulose sheath. Heterolobosea belong within Discoba. Out of all discobids, Acrasis has the most compact mitochondrial genome
Acrasidae
Clade of eukaryotes
classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants
CAM_(clade)
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