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Principle in kinetic systems
In thermodynamics, the principle of detailed balance says that every process of energy transfer in one direction must also allow energy transfer in the
Detailed_balance
are somewhere between detailed balance and global balance equations. Any solution π {\displaystyle \pi } to the local balance equations is always a solution
Balance_equation
Theory of quantum gravity
account for this. Hořava originally imposed the theory to satisfy the detailed balance condition which considerably reduces the number of coupling constants
Hořava–Lifshitz_gravity
Theorem in statistical mathematics
For models of steady nonequilibrium dynamics, the condition of local detailed balance is essentially equivalent to the fluctuation theorem, implying all
Fluctuation_theorem
Probability concept
and all states i and j. This condition is known as the detailed balance condition (or local balance equation). Considering a fixed arbitrary time n and using
Discrete-time_Markov_chain
Gorban, Yablonsky developed the theory of chemical thermodynamics and detailed balance in the limit of irreversible reactions. Yablonsky is a world recognized
Grigoriy_Yablonsky
Understanding of gas properties in terms of molecular motion
reversibility), the kinetic theory is also connected to the principle of detailed balance, in terms of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (for Brownian motion)
Kinetic_theory_of_gases
Statistical physics theorem
predicting the behavior of systems that obey detailed balance. Given that a system obeys detailed balance, the theorem is a proof that thermodynamic fluctuations
Fluctuation–dissipation theorem
Fluctuation–dissipation_theorem
Law of wavelength-specific emission and absorption
(around 470 nm), which is why it looks green. By the principle of detailed balance, it is an equally a poor emitter of green light. In other words, if
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
Kirchhoff's_law_of_thermal_radiation
Time reversal symmetry in physics
microscopic equations implies two important laws: the principle of detailed balance and the Onsager reciprocal relations. T-symmetry of the microscopic
T-symmetry
Algorithm in statistical physics
same distribution, as long as the algorithm satisfies ergodicity and detailed balance. In both algorithms, for any change in energy, p ( Δ E ) ≠ 0 {\displaystyle
Glauber_dynamics
Quantities describing probability of absorption or emission of light
cannot be affected by the presence or absence of other excited atoms. Detailed balance (valid only at equilibrium) requires that the change in time of the
Einstein_coefficients
Relationship of a signal transducer
observable. In detailed balance, the two contributions merge and reproduce the Kubo and Green-Kubo formulae. Out of detailed balance, the frenetic contribution
Linear_response_function
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
In physics, the radiative efficiency limit (also known as the detailed balance limit, Shockley–Queisser limit, Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit or SQ
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Concept in chemistry and physics
According to Boltzmann, this microreversibility implies the principle of detailed balance for collisions: at the equilibrium ensemble each collision is equilibrated
Microscopic_reversibility
Algorithm for estimating the difference in free energy between two systems
{\displaystyle f(x)/f(-x)\equiv e^{-x}} (which is essentially the detailed balance condition), and for every energy offset C, one has the exact relationship
Bennett_acceptance_ratio
Swiss mathematician and physicist
Review.[citation needed] In 1952, he proved the principle of semi-detailed balance for kinetics without microscopic reversibility. In 1953, he and the
Ernst_Stueckelberg
Auto racing series
speculation and misinterpretation of the performance balancing process. The BoP tables, which previously detailed the weight, power, and energy allocation for
2026 FIA World Endurance Championship
2026_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship
Equations governing time evolution of physical systems
A_{kk}P_{k}=-\sum _{\ell \neq k}(A_{\ell k}P_{k}).} The master equation exhibits detailed balance if each of the terms of the summation disappears separately at equilibrium—i
Master_equation
Difference between the inflow and outflow of money to a country at a given time
In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference
Balance_of_payments
Monte Carlo algorithm
{\displaystyle \pi (x)} . A sufficient but not necessary condition is detailed balance, which requires that each transition x → x ′ {\displaystyle x\to x'}
Metropolis–Hastings_algorithm
Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
OSTI 1659948. S2CID 216289881. Shockley William; Queisser Hans J (1961). "Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p-n Junction Solar Cells". Journal of Applied
Solar-cell_efficiency
Relations between flows and forces, or gradients, in thermodynamic systems
kinetics, the Onsager relations are closely connected to the principle of detailed balance and follow from them in the linear approximation near equilibrium.
Onsager_reciprocal_relations
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
}}{ds}}=\kappa _{\nu }\rho (B_{\nu }-I_{\nu }).} The principle of detailed balance states that, at thermodynamic equilibrium, each elementary process
Planck's_law
Calculation of complex statistical distributions
X_{n}=x} . This is equivalent to the detailed balance condition, which is defined as follows: Definition (Detailed balance) A Markov chain with transition
Markov_chain_Monte_Carlo
Property of a thermodynamic system
defined for any Markov processes with reversible dynamics and the detailed balance property. In Boltzmann's 1896 Lectures on Gas Theory, he showed that
Entropy
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
33%. Values of the detailed balance limit are available in tabulated form and a MATLAB program for implementing the detailed balance model has been written
Perovskite_solar_cell
Type of physical or mathematical property
if and only if their stationary distributions have the property of detailed balance: p ( x t = i , x t + 1 = j ) = p ( x t = j , x t + 1 = i ) {\displaystyle
Time_reversibility
Relation between properties of diodes
controlling the decay). The Donolato theorem is based on the principle of detailed balance and connects the processes of charge carrier injection (relevant in
Reciprocity_(optoelectronic)
Area of applied mathematics
mass action. The essential steps in this study were introduction of detailed balance for the complex chemical reactions by Rudolf Wegscheider (1901), development
Chemical reaction network theory
Chemical_reaction_network_theory
Stochastic process modeling random walk with friction
Gardiner 1985, p. 106. Holmes-Cerfon, Miranda (2022). "Lecture 12: Detailed balance and Eigenfunction methods" (PDF). Aït-Sahalia 2002, pp. 223–262. Kloeden
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck_process
theoretical limit for an IB device with one midgap energy level using detailed balance. They assumed no carriers were collected at the IB and that the device
Intermediate band photovoltaics
Intermediate_band_photovoltaics
Principle in theoretical physics
they would also have to emit them in the right amount to maintain detailed balance. Time-independent solutions to field equations do not emit radiation
Holographic_principle
Device used to produce electricity from light
theoretical limit for an IB device with one midgap energy level using detailed balance. They assumed no carriers were collected at the IB and that the device
Solar_cell
German physicist
electroluminescent emission of solar cells". This work uses the principle of detailed balance to derive basic relationships between the photovoltaic and the light-emitting
Uwe_Rau
both ergodic (when used together with other algorithms) and satisfies detailed balance, such that the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution is equal to the stationary
Swendsen–Wang_algorithm
Asset, debt, or financing activity not on a company's balance sheet
be quite detailed and will depend to some degree on management judgments, but in general terms, an item should appear on the company's balance sheet if
Off-balance-sheet
Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm
Langevin diffusion and the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm satisfy the detailed balance conditions necessary for the existence of a unique, invariant, stationary
Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm
Metropolis-adjusted_Langevin_algorithm
Time measuring device
A balance wheel, or balance, is the timekeeping device used in mechanical watches and small clocks, analogous to the pendulum in a pendulum clock. It
Balance_wheel
only satisfy a basic condition of balance in order for the equilibrium to be properly described, but detailed balance, a stronger condition, is usually
Monte Carlo molecular modeling
Monte_Carlo_molecular_modeling
Concept in physics
theory. Mathematically, for stochastic trajectories obeying local detailed balance, entropy production quantifies the asymmetry between forward and time-reversed
Frenesy_(physics)
International relations doctrine
The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part
European_balance_of_power
Balance of reciprocating and rotating engine components
Engine balance refers to how the inertial forces produced by moving parts in an internal combustion engine or steam engine are neutralised with counterweights
Engine_balance
Resistance to thermal flow between two materials
frequency) to propagate from A to B. Likewise, due to the principle of detailed balance, AMM and DMM predict that very few phonons of that wavevector will
Interfacial thermal resistance
Interfacial_thermal_resistance
Type of solar cell based on quantum dot devices
in part alleviated by using multiple junction implementations). The detailed balance calculation shows that this efficiency can not exceed 33% if one uses
Quantum_dot_solar_cell
Intrinsic quantum property of particles
a type of elementary particle, was determined by the principle of detailed balance applied to those collisions of protons that produced charged pions
Spin_(physics)
Relation between chemical reaction rate and concentrations of the reactants
forward and backward reactions are equal, a principle called detailed balance. Detailed balance is a property of the stoichiometric matrix N i j {\displaystyle
Rate_equation
American physicist (born 1953)
constructing a theory of fluctuation-driven transitions in the absence of detailed balance (in collaboration with Robert Maier); for applying stochastic methods
Daniel_L._Stein
Statistical simulation method
rigorously shown to be correct. If furthermore the transitions follow detailed balance, the KMC algorithm can be used to simulate thermodynamic equilibrium
Kinetic_Monte_Carlo
Austrian chemist (1859–1935)
chemists from 1904 to 1929. R. Wegscheider introduced the principle of detailed balance for chemical kinetics. Lieben Prize, 1905 Wilhelm Exner Medal, 1923
Rudolf_Wegscheider
Property of scattering amplitudes
Feynman–Stueckelberg interpretation Feynman diagram Regge theory Detailed balance Gell-Mann, M.; Goldberger, M. L. (1 November 1954). "Scattering of
Crossing_(physics)
Physics theory
vanishes, i.e. in the so-called Vlasov case or if there is a so-called detailed balance. This result was later extended to the full Boltzmann case by R. Treciokas
Ehlers–Geren–Sachs_theorem
Mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics
in state μ. It then uses acceptance probabilities A(μ, ν) so that detailed balance is satisfied. If the new state ν is accepted, then we move to that
Ising_model
Process forming a path from many random steps
reversibility. Roughly speaking, this property, also called the principle of detailed balance, means that the probabilities to traverse a given path in one direction
Random_walk
\mathbf {y} )}}\right)} It can be shown that this method satisfies the detailed balance property and therefore produces a reversible Markov chain with π (
Multiple-try_Metropolis
American theoretical neuroscientist (born 1950)
T. P.; Abbott, L. (2009-03-22). "Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks". Nature Neuroscience
Larry_Abbott
Quantum operator for the sum of energies of a system
(more than a semigroup); this gives rise to the physical principle of detailed balance. However, in the more general formalism of Dirac, the Hamiltonian is
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics)
Project development methodology
stage-gate process. Front-end loading is usually followed by detailed design or detailed engineering. It is common industry practice to divide front-end-loading
Front-end_loading
self-absorption. While the synchrotron self-absorption is determined from detailed balance, cyclotron turnover occurs when the assumptions of synchrotron radiation
Cyclotron_turnover
Representation of a dynamic process
with a rate equal the value of all the exiting connections). When detailed balance exists in a system, the relation A j i P i ( t → ∞ ) = A i j P j (
Kinetic_scheme
Cosmological epoch c. 370,000 years after the Big Bang
in the right-hand side of the above equation can be obtained by a detailed balance argument. The equilibrium result given in the previous section would
Recombination_(cosmology)
Perpetual motion device
Derek; Bruce R. Davis; Juan M. R. Parrondo (2000). "The problem of detailed balance for the Feynman-Smoluchowski Engine and the multiple pawl paradox"
Brownian_ratchet
Artistic gymnastics apparatus
The balance beam is a rectangular artistic gymnastics apparatus and an event performed using the apparatus. The apparatus and the event are sometimes
Balance_beam
Computer simulation method
{1}{kT_{j}}}\right)}\right),} and otherwise the update is rejected. The detailed balance condition has to be satisfied by ensuring that the reverse update has
Parallel_tempering
American mathematician
also articulated complete necessary and sufficient conditions for detailed balancing in mass-action systems. More recently, Feinberg has turned his attention
Martin_Feinberg
Type of spring
like the onager. The balance spring or hairspring in mechanical watches is a fine, spiral-shaped torsion spring that pushes the balance wheel back toward
Torsion_spring
shown that this method not only defines a Markov chain that satisfies detailed balance with respect to the target distribution μ {\displaystyle \mu } , and
Preconditioned Crank–Nicolson algorithm
Preconditioned_Crank–Nicolson_algorithm
German neuroscientist
T. P.; Abbott, L. (2009-03-22). "Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks". Nature Neuroscience
Tim_Vogels
Mechanism to make parity between cars in auto racing
Greer, Jordan (4 July 2019). "Gran Turismo Sport 1.40 Balance of Performance (BoP) Changes Detailed". GT Planet. Archived from the original on 12 December
Balance_of_performance
Ratio between the useful output and the input of a machine
OSTI 1259256. S2CID 100609503. Retrieved 2021-10-15. De Vos, A. (1980). "Detailed balance limit of the efficiency of tandem solar cells". Journal of Physics
Energy_conversion_efficiency
mechanics. In particular, the SELM dynamics have been shown to satisfy detailed-balance for the Gibbs–Boltzmann ensemble. Different types of coupling operators
Stochastic Eulerian Lagrangian method
Stochastic_Eulerian_Lagrangian_method
2000 video game
mode. Reception Keep the Balance received mixed reviews. Faith Wardle of PC World praised the "bizarre and incredibly detailed animation" for the Windows
Keep_the_Balance
Formal record of financial activities
financial statements accompanied by a management discussion and analysis: A balance sheet reports on a company's assets, liabilities, and owners' equity at
Financial_statement
1995 studio album by Van Halen
Balance is the tenth studio album by American rock band Van Halen, released on January 24, 1995, by Warner Bros. Records. The album is the last of the
Balance_(Van_Halen_album)
Iranian-American physicist
Christoph F Schmidt; Frederick C MacKintosh (1 April 2016). "Broken detailed balance at mesoscopic scales in active biological systems". Science. 352 (6285):
Nikta_Fakhri
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Technologies Defining length Dendrogram Dependability state model Detailed balance Determining the number of clusters in a data set Detrended correspondence
Outline_of_machine_learning
Thermodynamic theorem
that relative entropy is a Lyapunov function of a Markov process in detailed balance, and other chemistry contexts. Josiah Willard Gibbs described another
H-theorem
q and ε. The authors suggest q=3 and ε=0.01. These parameters set the balance between the complexity and performance of the encoding. A message of n
Online_codes
matrix Design of experiments The Design of Experiments (book by Fisher) Detailed balance Detection theory Determining the number of clusters in a data set Detrended
List_of_statistics_articles
ISSN 0031-9007. Shockley, William; Queisser, Hans J. (March 1961). "Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p-n Junction Solar Cells". Journal of Applied
Two-photon photovoltaic effect
Two-photon_photovoltaic_effect
Solar power cell with multiple band gaps from different materials
4494H. doi:10.1063/1.328272. Shockley, W; Queisser, H.A. (1961). "Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p-n Junction Solar Cells". Journal of Applied
Multi-junction_solar_cell
process Loop-erased random walk Markov chain Examples of Markov chains Detailed balance Markov property Hidden Markov model Maximum-entropy Markov model Markov
List_of_probability_topics
Self-balancing single wheel personal transporter
unicycle (often initialized as EUC or acronymized yuke or Uni) is a self-balancing personal transporter with a single wheel. The rider controls speed by
Electric_unicycle
Recording a business transaction as debit and credit
recorded with equal and opposite entries (debits and credits) - thus "balancing the books". The purpose of double-entry bookkeeping is to maintain accuracy
Double-entry_bookkeeping
Recording economic information
Babylonians. By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information. The spread of the use of Arabic numerals, instead
Accounting
1982 article
of a NATO failure to mobilise, Mearsheimer conducted an analysis of the balances of forces on the NATO-Warsaw Central Front (West Germany), where the Pact
Why the Soviets Can't Win Quickly in Central Europe
Why_the_Soviets_Can't_Win_Quickly_in_Central_Europe
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
energy to each other that the presence of a nearby atom can shift the balance. Therefore, the periodic table ignores them and considers only idealized
Periodic_table
(2010-01-13). "Cosmological perturbations in Horava–Lifshitz theory without detailed balance". Physical Review D. 81 (2) 024009. arXiv:0907.1748. Bibcode:2010PhRvD
Anzhong_Wang
Monte Carlo algorithm
y {\displaystyle x\sim _{j}y} is an equivalence relation. Thus the detailed balance equations are satisfied, implying the chain is reversible and it has
Gibbs_sampling
1985 video game
Balance of Power is a strategy video game of geopolitics during the Cold War, created by Chris Crawford and published in 1985 on the Macintosh by Mindscape
Balance_of_Power_(video_game)
Molecular dynamics simulation technique
transition state theory, and decoherence. II. Thermal rate constants and detailed balance". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 143 (13): 134107. Bibcode:2015JChPh
Surface_hopping
First Qing dynasty election
Sinkiang, and the number of appointed members shrank to 98 to achieve the balance. Elected members are as follows: Appointed members are as follows: The
1909 Chinese parliamentary election
1909_Chinese_parliamentary_election
German solid state physicist (1931–2025)
Museum, 27 February 2006. William Shockley and Hans J. Queisser, "Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p-n Junction Solar Cells", Journal of Applied
Hans-Joachim_Queisser
Cluster update algorithm
rule or the Wolff rule ). It can be shown that the update satisfies detailed balance, meaning that correctness is guaranteed if the algorithm is used in
KBD_algorithm
Military unit
Fort Runyon until August 20. Transferred to United States service for balance of state enlistment by order of Governor E. D. Morgan August 2, 1861. Moved
21st New York Infantry Regiment
21st_New_York_Infantry_Regiment
electronics Printed electronics Shockley, W.; Queisser, H. J. (1961). "Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p–n Junction Solar Cells". Journal of Applied
Third-generation photovoltaic cell
Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell
Device used to measure surface tension
wetted by the liquid. The plate is cleaned thoroughly and attached to a balance with a thin metal wire. The force on the plate due to wetting is measured
Wilhelmy_plate
Ability of bacteria to move independently using metabolic energy
models, Cates highlights that bacterial dynamics does not always obey detailed balance, which means it is a biased diffusion process depending on the environmental
Bacterial_motility
1990 computer strategy game
Balance of Power: The 1990 Edition is a sequel to the computer strategy game Balance of Power. Balance of Power: The 1990 Edition was released in 1989
Balance of Power: The 1990 Edition
Balance_of_Power:_The_1990_Edition
with Equation (1). In the case of an idealized two-level atom the detailed balance for the emission and absorption which preserves the Planck formula
McCumber_relation
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