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Removal of an amino group from a molecule
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the human body, deamination
Deamination
Metabolic process
Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily
Oxidative_deamination
Chemical compound in nucleic acids
it is inherently unstable, and can change into uracil (spontaneous deamination). This can lead to a point mutation if not repaired by the DNA repair
Cytosine
Endogenous enzyme
members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine. A mutation
Monoamine_oxidase_A
Set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units
the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids, and oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidase. There are many signals that
Catabolism
Enzyme that creates mutations in DNA
humans is encoded by the AICDA gene. It creates mutations in DNA by deamination of cytosine base, which turns it into uracil (which is recognized as
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
Activation-induced_cytidine_deaminase
Method for analyzing DNA methylation using enzymes
also detect 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as both are protected from deamination in the standard protocol. Enzymatic conversion has reduced DNA damage
Enzymatic_methyl-seq
Region of often-methylated DNA with a cytosine followed by a guanine
high mutation rate of methylated CpG sites: the spontaneously occurring deamination of a methylated cytosine results in a thymine, and the resulting G:T
CpG_site
DNA repair process
chemically damaged by a variety of mechanisms, the most common ones being deamination, oxidation, and alkylation. These modifications can affect the ability
Base_excision_repair
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. It catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and plays an important role in the
Monoamine_oxidase_B
Α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins
ammonolysis of 2-bromopropanoic acid. Alanine is broken down by oxidative deamination, the inverse reaction of the reductive amination reaction described above
Alanine
Central nervous system stimulant
aliphatic alpha- and beta-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, N-dealkylation, and deamination. The known metabolic pathways include: Methamphetamine and amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Addition of a sulfate group to a compound
Acylation Adenylylation ADP-ribosylation Butyrylation Carbamylation Deamination Glutarylation Glycation Hydroxylation Imine formation Lactylation Malonylation
Sulfation
Chemical compound
metabolite of amphetamine and methamphetamine via FMO3-mediated oxidative deamination. There are many routes to synthesize phenylacetone. Industry uses the
Phenylacetone
Protein and coding gene in humans
APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal
APOBEC3G
Naturally occurring psychedelic compound
metabolic pathway of mescaline is oxidative deamination. The specific enzymes mediating the deamination of mescaline are controversial however. Monoamine
Mescaline
Chemical compound which is a modified DNA base
5mC. While spontaneous deamination of cytosine forms uracil, which is recognized and removed by DNA repair enzymes, deamination of 5-methylcytosine forms
5-Methylcytosine
Chemical compound
many methods, alkylation of picolinylamine with picolinyl chloride, deamination of picolinylamine, and reductive amination of picolinyl amine and
Dipicolylamine
Energy expenditure for processing food
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Specific_dynamic_action
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
gluconeogenic pathway, can then be used to generate glucose. Transamination or deamination of amino acids facilitates entering of their carbon skeleton into the
Gluconeogenesis
Method of archaeological study
environmental DNA). Due to degradation processes (including cross-linking, deamination and fragmentation) ancient DNA is more degraded in comparison with present-day
Ancient_DNA
Neurotransmitter metabolite and neurotoxin
neurotoxin. DOPEGAL is formed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) via oxidative deamination. Following its formation, DOPEGAL is metabolized. Through the metabolism
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde
Enzyme
flavoenzymes which function to catalyze the stereospecific oxidative deamination of an L-amino acid. The three substrates of the enzymatic reaction are
L-amino-acid_oxidase
Biological process
than Cytosine. For cytosine deamination, in DNA, cytosine (C) is usually paired with guanine (G). But after the deamination has happened, it creates a
Mutagenesis
Protein-coding gene in humans
Häussinger D, Koenig BW, Münk C (April 2017). "Enhancing the Catalytic Deamination Activity of APOBEC3C Is Insufficient to Inhibit Vif-Deficient HIV-1"
APOBEC3C
Chemical compound
(Misumena vatia) yellow coloration. Malina, HZ; Martin, XD (1995). "Deamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine in bovine lenses: a possible mechanism of cataract
3-Hydroxykynurenine
Inactive metabolite of the neurotransmitter serotonin
5-HIAL is formed from serotonin by oxidative deamination via monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAO-mediated deamination is the primary metabolic pathway of serotonin
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde
Change in the heritable traits of populations
PMID 1752426. Fryxell, Karl J.; Zuckerkandl, Emile (September 2000). "Cytosine Deamination Plays a Primary Role in the Evolution of Mammalian Isochores". Molecular
Evolution
DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts
experiments, this model is also supported by the amounts of deamination seen in cpDNA. Deamination occurs when an amino group is lost and is a mutation that
Plastid_DNA
Chemical energy animals derive from food
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Food_energy
Chemical compound
process requires several steps. In prokaryotes, histidine first undergoes deamination, the removal of its amino group by the emzyme histidase. This step produces
Histidine
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
intermediates in the citric acid cycle, for example α-ketoglutarate formed by deamination of glutamate. The glucogenic amino acids can also be converted into glucose
Metabolism
Chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts
F. Dellaria (1977). "Alkyl nitrite-metal halide deamination reactions. 2. Substitutive deamination of arylamines by alkyl nitrites and copper(II) halides
Sandmeyer_reaction
Chemical compound
lyase (PAL). PAL catalyzes this reaction by a non-oxidative deamination. This deamination relies on the MIO prosthetic group of PAL. PAL gives rise to
Cinnamaldehyde
Succession of nucleotides in a nucleic acid
the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group). Hypoxanthine
Nucleic_acid_sequence
Biosynthetic pathway
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Shikimate_pathway
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
APOBEC3A is likely to be the destruction of foreign DNA through extensive deamination of cytosine. This gene is a member of the polynucleotide cytosine deaminase
APOBEC3A
Chemical compound
in turn, are thought to undergo deamination to uracil glycol, dehydration to 5-hydroxycytosine, or both deamination and dehydration to 5-hydroxyuracil
Cytosine_glycol
Biochemical method to identify bacteria
generated by reductive deamination from tryptophan via the intermediate molecule indolepyruvic acid. Tryptophanase catalyzes the deamination reaction, during
Indole_test
DNA mutation that exchanges two nucleotides
mechanisms, including spontaneous deamination and tautomerization. Deamination of cytosine produces uracil while deamination of 5-methylcytosine produces thymine
Transition_(genetics)
Chemical reaction that gives browned food flavor
melanoidins The open-chain Amadori products undergo further dehydration and deamination to produce dicarbonyls. This is a crucial intermediate. Dicarbonyls react
Maillard_reaction
Chemical compound
acid, a degradation product of RuBisCO, and the result of oxidative deamination of serine. D-Serine + O2 D-amino acid oxidase H2O NH3 H2O NH3 Hydroxypyruvic
Hydroxypyruvic_acid
Biological process
the analogous RNA base uracil, which has no methyl group. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine converts it to thymine. This results in a T:G mismatch
DNA_methylation
Molecular process
such as cytidine (C) to uridine (U) and adenosine (A) to inosine (I) deaminations, as well as non-template nucleotide additions and insertions. RNA editing
RNA_editing
Breakdown of proteins into constituent amino acids and compounds
catabolism. Among the several degradative processes for amino acids are Deamination (removal of an amino group), transamination (transfer of amino group)
Protein_catabolism
Pharmaceutical compound
mescaline. However, it would be expected to have reduced metabolism via deamination than mescaline, which may result in some degree of greater potency in
Alpha-D
Chemical compound
limited to experimental procedures on enzymes that bind other nucleotides. Deamination of purine bases can result in accumulation of such nucleotides as ITP
Xanthosine_triphosphate
Enzyme
The first pathway (see the reaction illustrated below) involves the deamination of histamine by the enzyme diamine oxidase to form imidazole acetaldehyde
Diamine_oxidase
Chemical compound
during the synthesis of purine nucleotides. It can also be formed by the deamination of adenosine monophosphate by AMP deaminase. It can be hydrolysed to
Inosinic_acid
Nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides
the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group). Hypoxanthine
Nucleotide_base
Type of biochemical process
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Protein_metabolism
Metabolic redox process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Fermentation
Chemical compound
synthesizes 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles cleanly. Another method is the deamination of 5-aminotetrazole, which can be commercially obtained or prepared in
Tetrazole
Amino acid and neurotransmitter
the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase, as follows:
Glutamic_acid
Metabolism involving breakdown of lipids
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Lipolysis
Chemical compound
inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A that exhibits selective action on serotonin deamination. Eprobemide differs from moclobemide only in the linker that connects
Eprobemide
Chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid
↔ α-ketoglutarate + aspartate Transamination is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids, and one of the major degradation pathways which
Transamination
Internal fold of the intestine found in certain animals
to the vertebrate liver by synthesizing and storing fat and glycogen, deamination of proteins, and excretion. In different earthworm families, the typhlosole
Typhlosole
Chemical compound of RNA
produce uracil through hydrolytic deamination. Therefore, if there were an organism that used uracil in its DNA, the deamination of cytosine (which undergoes
Uracil
Structural analog of methamphetamine
gastrointestinal, and psychotic symptoms. For N-alkyl amphetamines, deamination and N-dealkylation are the major elimination pathways and renal excretion
Methiopropamine
Organism that ingests organic carbon for nutrition
source are transformed into H2S and NH4+ through desulfurylation and deamination, respectively. Heterotrophs also allow for dephosphorylation as part
Heterotroph
Chemical compound
pathways include enzymes that catalyze ring cleavage and subsequent deamination or dehydrogenation reactions. A 2-aminomuconate deaminase activity has
2-Aminomuconic_acid
Chemical compound
instrumental in the oxidation of large fatty acids. Hypoglycin A undergoes deamination, forming α-ketomethylene-cyclopropylpropionic acid (KMCPP), which then
Methylene cyclopropyl acetic acid
Methylene_cyclopropyl_acetic_acid
Molecule that carries genetic information
Structure of cytosine with and without the 5-methyl group. Deamination converts 5-methylcytosine into thymine.
DNA
Culture medium in microbiology
colored purple-black. Lactose non-fermenters may increase the pH by deamination of proteins. This ensures that the dye is not absorbed. The colonies
Eosin_methylene_blue
Medication used in treatment of migraines
drug effects. This active metabolite undergoes selective MAO-A-mediated deamination metabolism, resulting in an inactive indole acetic acid derivative (21)
Zolmitriptan
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gastrointestinal tract. The editing mechanism is highly specific. A1’s deamination of the cytosine base yields uracil, which creates a stop codon in the
APOBEC1
Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis
experiments, this model is also supported by the amounts of deamination seen in cpDNA. Deamination occurs when an amino group is lost and is a mutation that
Chloroplast
Class of enzymes
degrades readily, so upon ingestion by another organism, the threonine deamination capabilities of the enzyme go unchecked. This degrades threonine before
Threonine_ammonia-lyase
Medication
of monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the deamination of phenethylamine-derived designer drugs (2C-series)". Biochem Pharmacol
Selegiline
Metabolic pathway for transport of energy into and removal of ammonia from muscles
energy-deprived skeletal muscle cells with glucose. Pyruvate formed from the deamination of glutamate in the hepatocytes undergoes gluconeogenesis to form glucose
Cahill_cycle
Enzyme
bacteria, and the cytoplasm of mammalian hepatocytes. SDH catalyzes the deamination of L-serine to yield pyruvate, with the release of ammonia. This enzyme
Serine_dehydratase
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
CpG dinucleotides showing the highest mutation rate, presumably due to deamination.[citation needed] A personal genome sequence is a (nearly) complete sequence
Human_genome
Chemical compound
Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination product of adenine. Because of its resemblance to guanine, the spontaneous deamination of adenine can lead to an
Hypoxanthine
Class of enzymes
glutamate (glutamate formimidoyltransferase activity, EC 2.1.2.5) subsequent deamination of formiminotetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and ammonia
Formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase
Formimidoyltransferase_cyclodeaminase
Enzyme
to 5′-deoxyinosine. To a lesser extent, the enzyme also catalyzes the deamination of 5′-methylthioadenosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and adenosine. The
5'-deoxyadenosine_deaminase
Mesolithic underwater archaeological site in Bouldnor, Isle of Wight, England
ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 4629168. PMID 26525598. "Thermal age, cytosine deamination and the veracity of 8,000 year old wheat DNA from sediments". bioRxiv 10
Bouldnor_Cliff
Tropane alkaloid
10) that specifically recognizes methylated putrescine catalyzes the deamination of this compound to 4-methylaminobutanal which then undergoes a spontaneous
Hyoscyamine
Chemical compound
molecule from the monoamine oxidase. A similar protection from oxidative deamination, although at a considerable drop in potency, is seen with the 2-methylation
5-MeO-2-TMT
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
also initiate recombination in mutants deleted for this spo11 homolog. Deamination of cytosine resulting in the dU:dG mismatch is one of the most common
Spo11
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Cellular_respiration
Active form of vitamin B6
coenzyme in all transamination reactions, and in certain decarboxylation, deamination, and racemization reactions of amino acids. The aldehyde group of PLP
Pyridoxal_phosphate
Pharmaceutical compound
α-dideuteromescaline), among others. α-D may be resistant to the oxidative deamination that is known to occur with mescaline, which may result in it being more
4-D_(psychedelic)
Biochemical process involving the production of fats
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Lipogenesis
Chemical compound
monophosphate and a derivative of inosinic acid. It can be formed by the deamination of the purine base in deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP). The enzyme
Deoxyinosine_monophosphate
Topics referred to by the same term
also referred to as Orosomucoid (ORM) alkyladenine glycosylase; see Deamination Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy AAG, a codon for the amino acid lysine
AAG
Covalent bond joining a sugar molecule to another group
N-glycosidic bond. Occasionally, the nucleobases attached to the ribose undergo deamination, alkylation, or oxidation which results in cytotoxic lesions along the
Glycosidic_bond
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
molecule in the process. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in the purine
AMP_deaminase
Mammalian protein found in humans
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and convert adenosine to inosine (hypoxanthine) by deamination. ADAR proteins act post-transcriptionally, changing the nucleotide content
ADAR
Amino acid with a branched carbon chain
dehydrogenase and aminotransferase. Threonine dehydrogenase catalyzes the deamination and dehydration of threonine to 2-ketobutyrate and ammonia. Isoleucine
Branched-chain_amino_acid
Synthetic decongestant
chain, as in amphetamine and ephedrine, renders the amine immune to deamination so that they are not metabolized in the gut. Similarly, β-PEA would not
Pseudoephedrine
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
CAM carbon intake Light reaction Oxidative phosphorylation Amino acid deamination Citrate shuttle Lipogenesis Lipolysis Steroidogenesis MVA pathway MEP
Photosynthesis
British biochemist
Bernheim also detected that the enzyme facilitated the occurrence of deamination in tyramine, along with the process of oxidation. Prior to her discovery
Mary_Bernheim
Organic compounds with a –COOH group and a C=O group
group adjacent to the carboxylic acid. They often arise by oxidative deamination of amino acids, and reciprocally, they are precursors to the same. Alpha-keto
Keto_acid
Enzymes involved in base excision repair
enzyme that reverts mutations in DNA. The most common mutation is the deamination of cytosine to uracil. UDG repairs these mutations. UDG is crucial in
DNA_glycosylase
Scientific collection of dried fungi
challenge for molecular work is the degradation of DNA over time through deamination and fragmentation. Historical preservation methods focused on morphology
Fungarium
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
methylation or glucuronide/sulfate conjugation; and (2) N-dealkylation, deamination, and oxidation to the corresponding benzoic acid derivatives conjugated
MDMA
Surplus or toxic substances left over from metabolic processes that must be excreted
as solids. Animals dispose of solid waste as feces. Ammonia poisoning Deamination Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate
Metabolic_waste
Psychedelic drug
liver hepatocytes, resulting in deamination and demethylation that produces several products. Oxidative deamination results in the 2-(4-bromo-2
2C-B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
metabolism. Mainly three different halotypes (GTACG, GCACA, GCACG) from the deamination of methyl cytosine in different chromosomes. (MTRR):c.1459G>A – Involves
MTRR_(gene)
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada
Month
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, German, Hebrew, Scandinavian
Rules with Good Judgment; Form of Ronald; Powerful; Mighty
Girl/Female
Tamil
Haripriya | ஹரிபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Goddess Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Beautiful Radiant
Boy/Male
Indian
English, Hindi
Boy/Male
Australian, Gujarati, Indian, Iranian, Kannada
God of Wealth
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
A British god.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Beauty
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION
DEAMINATION