AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
Search references for DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN. Phrases containing DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
See searches and references containing DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN!
Search references for DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN. Phrases containing DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
See searches and references containing DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN!DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
British historian (born 1947)
David A. Carpenter (born 1947) is an English historian and writer, and Professor of Medieval History at King's College London where he has been working
David_Carpenter_(historian)
Topics referred to by the same term
of Carpenters Bayou David Aaron Carpenter (born 1986), violist David Carpenter (cricketer) (1935–2022), English cricketer David Carpenter (historian) (born
David Carpenter (disambiguation)
David_Carpenter_(disambiguation)
American security expert
Secretaries of State for Diplomatic Security from State Dept. Historian "David Gordon Carpenter (1947–)". Department of State. Retrieved September 3, 2022
David_G._Carpenter
American pop musician (born 1946)
Carpenter (born October 15, 1946) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, who formed half of the sibling duo the Carpenters
Richard_Carpenter
American vocal duo (1965–1983)
The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950–1983) and Richard Carpenter (born 1946). They produced a
The_Carpenters
British children's television series (1970–1971)
from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century. Carpenter was also interested in the writings of historian Margaret Murray and occultist Gerald Gardner,
Catweazle
Film by John Carpenter
a 1978 American independent slasher film directed and scored by John Carpenter, who co-wrote it with producer Debra Hill. It stars Donald Pleasence,
Halloween_(1978_film)
English parliament of 1265
parliament; however, modern scholarship questions this analysis. The historian David Carpenter describes Montfort's 1265 parliament as "a landmark" in the development
Simon de Montfort's Parliament
Simon_de_Montfort's_Parliament
King of England from 1216 to 1272
grew up to show flashes of a fierce temper, but mostly, as the historian David Carpenter describes, he had an "amiable, easy-going, and sympathetic" personality
Henry_III_of_England
Family name
Cecelia Svinth Carpenter (1924–2010), historian of the Nisqually people Chad Carpenter (born c. 1968), American cartoonist Charisma Carpenter (born 1970)
Carpenter_(surname)
1976 film by John Carpenter
independent action-thriller film written, directed, scored, and edited by John Carpenter. It features Austin Stoker as a police officer who defends a defunct precinct
Assault on Precinct 13 (1976 film)
Assault_on_Precinct_13_(1976_film)
2011 box set by Ministry of Sound
DJ sets are mixed by New York DJ veterans Larry Levan, David Morales, Todd Terry, Kenny Carpenter and the club's British co-founder Justin Berkmann, each
Live_&_Remastered
King of England from 1135 to 1154
Normandy, an analysis broadly shared by Frank Barlow. By contrast, David Carpenter draws more attention to the pressures on the Anglo-Norman system during
Stephen,_King_of_England
American art historian
Stebich (born January 26, 1966, in Mülheim) is a German-born American art historian and curator. Born in Germany to Gehard and Ute, Stebich's family immigrated
Stephanie_Stebich
English broadcaster and natural historian (born 1926)
Sir David Frederick Attenborough (/ˈætənbərə/ AT-ən-bər-ə; born 8 May 1926) is an English broadcaster, natural historian, and writer. His presenting career
David_Attenborough
English poet and academic (1844–1929)
Edward Carpenter (29 August 1844 – 28 June 1929) was an English utopian socialist, poet, philosopher, anthologist, an early activist for gay rights and
Edward_Carpenter
and project manager (F-1, J-2, Lunar Roving Vehicle). David Emil Mungello, 82, American historian. Iivo Nei, 94, Estonian chess grandmaster. Vladimir Okrepilov
Deaths_in_2026
English TV host and journalist (1939–2013)
Carpenter, pp. 207-8. Carpenter, pp. 208–9. Hattenstone, Simon (2 July 2011). "The Saturday interview: David Frost". The Guardian. London. Carpenter,
David_Frost
American musical group; jazz and chamber ensemble
large ensemble led by Brian Carpenter. The band formed in 2006 when an historic theater in Boston commissioned Carpenter as musical director for its 90th
Ghost_Train_Orchestra
Jacob Lawrence, artist Andrew Nagorski, journalist and author David Nolan, author and historian Steph Post, author Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, novelist Marcus
List of people from St. Augustine, Florida
List_of_people_from_St._Augustine,_Florida
English charter of freedoms made in 1215
copies of the charter were formally issued. Although, as the historian David Carpenter has noted, the charter "wasted no time on political theory", it
Magna_Carta
Film by Rick Rosenthal
Rick Rosenthal, in his directorial debut, written and produced by John Carpenter and Debra Hill, and starring Jamie Lee Curtis and Donald Pleasence, who
Halloween_II_(1981_film)
Inventor and the founder of Buick Motor Company
"Fame beckoned to David Buick. He sipped from the cup of greatness, and then spilled what it held." In 2000, automotive historian Vincent Curcio observed
David_Dunbar_Buick
American art historian (born 1943)
Jr. (born May 13, 1943, in Uxbridge, Massachusetts) is an American art historian, who served as Curator of Northern Baroque Paintings at the National Gallery
Arthur_K._Wheelock_Jr.
King of England from 1199 to 1216
actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict
John,_King_of_England
Unincorporated United States community
historian Earle E. Williams, Vernalis, Latin for springlike, related to the spring, was named after two daughters of local ranchers, Verna Carpenter and
Vernalis,_California
American philosopher (1817–1862)
hiked on pristine land. In an essay titled "Henry David Thoreau, Philosopher", environmental historian Roderick Nash wrote, "Thoreau left Concord in 1846
Henry_David_Thoreau
Husband of Mary and legal father of Jesus
instead of naming his father. In Matthew, the townspeople call Jesus "the carpenter's son", again without naming his father. In Luke 3:23 NIV: "Now Jesus himself
Saint_Joseph
Civil war in England and Normandy (1138–1153)
Bradbury and Frank Barlow praise the military soundness of the tactic. David Carpenter and R. Davis observe that Stephen had ended up breaking his promises
The_Anarchy
fantasy coffin carpenter Rojo Mettle-Nunoo, painter, sculptor, and politician Kobina Nyarko (born 1972), painter Nana Oforiatta Ayim, art historian, curator
List_of_Ghanaian_artists
actress and filmmaker David Owen Norris, pianist, composer and broadcaster Peter Pears, singer Gavin Plumley, cultural historian Jason Pontin, journalist
List of alumni of Keble College, Oxford
List_of_alumni_of_Keble_College,_Oxford
Historian
Crusades. She undertook her PhD at King's College London, supervised by David A. Carpenter. Between 2012 and 2013, Ambler worked as a Research Associate on the
Sophie_T._Ambler
Prime Minister of Israel (1948–1953; 1955–1963)
David Ben-Gurion (/bɛn ˈɡʊəriən/ ben GOOR-ee-ən; Hebrew: דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן [daˈvid ben ɡuʁˈjon] ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973)
David_Ben-Gurion
Anglo-Norman princess (died before 1113)
"venerable lady of royal nobility". van Houts 2004 Round 1885, p. 137 Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284
Adeliza_of_Normandy
1982 film by Stephen Carpenter and Jeffrey Obrow
by Stephen Carpenter and Jeffrey Obrow, written by Carpenter, Obrow, and Stacey Giachino, and starring Laurie Lapinski, Stephen Sachs, David Snow, Pamela
The_Dorm_That_Dripped_Blood
and Governor of Hong Kong. Samuel Cousins (1801–1887), engraver. Mary Carpenter (1807–1877), educational and social reformer. Thomas Shapter (1809–1902)
List_of_people_from_Exeter
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2026
this one is the most significant in post-war British history – to be the historian for a second – because if he [Burnham] were to win Nick has just outlined
Andy_Burnham
British television drama series (1984–1986)
Robin Hood as inspirations for Robin of Sherwood. Carpenter also used the books Robin Hood by the historian J. C. Holt and The God of the Witches by the folklorist
Robin_of_Sherwood
Name list
Carpenter (1818–1862), American lumber merchant and politician Franklin Metcalfe Carpenter (1847–1907), Canadian politician Franklin R. Carpenter (1848–1910)
Franklin_(given_name)
American photographer and environmentalist (1902–1984)
philosophical and cultural mentor. Their shared philosophy was from Edward Carpenter's Towards Democracy, a literary work which endorsed the pursuit of beauty
Ansel_Adams
Military campaign
region was ready to revolt in support of Henry. According to historian David Carpenter, many English nobles were not eager to see Normandy reconquered
English invasion of France (1230)
English_invasion_of_France_(1230)
King of England from 1087 to 1100
Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-014824-8. Douglas, David C
William_II_of_England
Surname list
Archbishop Oswald Lipscomb (1872–1930), American carpenter Suzannah Lipscomb (born 1978), English historian Trey Lipscomb (born 2000), American baseball player
Lipscomb_(surname)
2010 British TV series or programme
Gatiss considers neglected. Gatiss meets David Warner, Barbara Steele and John Carpenter again, accompanying Carpenter on a tour of the set locations for Halloween
A_History_of_Horror
1485 battle during the Wars of the Roses
Laynesmith 2005, p. 81. Baker 2003, p. 59. Carpenter 2002, p. 222. Carpenter 2002, pp. 224–225. Carpenter 2002, p. 223. Chrimes 1999, pp. 54–55. Jones
Battle_of_Bosworth_Field
English conspiracy theorist (born 1952)
Experience: The Autobiography of David Icke, London: Warner Books. ISBN 0-7515-0603-6 (1993) Days of Decision, London: Jon Carpenter Publishing. ISBN 1-897766-01-7
David_Icke
English historian, academic and author David Solomon Abwo (born 1986), Nigerian footballer David Accam (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer David J. Acer
List of people with given name David
List_of_people_with_given_name_David
Archaeological site in Jerusalem
gifts of cedar wood and skilled men as carpenters and builders to construct a palace in Jerusalem. And David enclosed the lower city and joined it to
City of David (archaeological site)
City_of_David_(archaeological_site)
is American, she is Australian - while our master carpenter visits their British contractor, David Booth, at one of his job sites. With their realtor
List of This Old House episodes (seasons 11–20)
List_of_This_Old_House_episodes_(seasons_11–20)
of Evangelical Association James Henry Carpenter (1846–1898), Civil War sailor, officer, founder of Carpenter Technology Corporation John Fetterman (b
List of people from Reading, Pennsylvania
List_of_people_from_Reading,_Pennsylvania
American slave rebellion leader (1800–1831)
Nat Turner (October 2, 1800 – November 11, 1831) was an enslaved Black carpenter and preacher who led a four-day rebellion of both slave and free Black
Nat_Turner
Annual prize by the MacArthur Foundation
historian Richard C. Mulligan, molecular biologist Douglas D. Osheroff, physicist Elaine H. Pagels, historian of religion David Pingree, historian of
MacArthur_Fellows_Program
commander and naval historian Bevan Morris, 76, Australian-born academic and politician Roscoe Robinson, 97, gospel and soul singer David H. Waldeck, 69,
2026 deaths in the United States
2026_deaths_in_the_United_States
American painter (1830–1900)
spirituality; art historian Mary Bartlett Cowdrey believed "that religious obsession somehow undermined Carpenter's work". Carpenter died in New York City—a
Francis_Bicknell_Carpenter
American historian (1916–2013)
Packard—from his first marriage; his second wife, Marie (née Carpenter) Caskey Morgan, a historian; six grandchildren; and seven great-grandchildren. In 1946–55
Edmund_Morgan_(historian)
British seaman
and included in a new book by Rear Admiral CH Layman, a naval historian. Grann, David (2023). The Wager: A tale of Shipwreck, Mutiny and Murder (First ed
John Bulkeley (Royal Navy gunner)
John_Bulkeley_(Royal_Navy_gunner)
Medieval dynastic union of states in present-day England, France, Ireland, and Wales
Augustus: King of France 1180–1223. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-06059-3. Carpenter, David (2003). The Struggle for Mastery. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-014824-4.
Angevin_Empire
Ancient Greek term for an artisan/craftsman
(τέκτων) is a common term for an artisan or craftsman, in particular a carpenter, woodworker, or builder. The term is frequently contrasted with an ironworker
Tektōn
King of England from 1100 to 1135
brothers Robert Curthose, Richard and William Rufus, being, as historian David Carpenter describes, "short, stocky and barrel-chested," with black hair
Henry_I_of_England
American filmmaker (born 1961)
controversial short film Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story (1987), which chronicles singer Karen Carpenter's life and death using Barbie dolls as actors
Todd_Haynes
Surname list
Werner Fabricius (1633–1679), German composer and organist Alexander Carpenter, Latinized Fabricius, (fl. 1429), English religious philosopher and author
Fabricius
British radio series
film-maker David Puttnam (who nominated the Irish nationalist leader Michael Collins). It was withdrawn due to "production quality". Carpenter died on 4
Great_Lives
King of England from 1154 to 1189
Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-20241-5. OCLC 905048. OL 7645874M. Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284
Henry_II_of_England
School in Oxford, England
Bullard (1928–2006), diplomat John Campbell (born 1958), economist Humphrey Carpenter (1946–2005), journalist, author, and musician Bill Carritt (1908–1999)
Dragon_School
11th-century invasion of England
Essential Histories. Oxford, UK: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-228-9. Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284
Norman_Conquest
Horowitz, Steven J. (January 8, 2026). "Taylor Swift, Bad Bunny, Sabrina Carpenter Lead iHeartRadio Music Awards 2026 Nominees". Variety. Harrigan, Annie
2026_in_American_television
12th–13th century English royal house of French origin
ISBN 0-582-47265-2. Carpenter, David (1996). Royal Warriors: A Military History of the British Monarchy. Hambledon Press. ISBN 978-1-85285-137-8. Carpenter, David (2004)
Angevin_kings_of_England
Former Roman Catholic church
Tim Carter: It's a magnificent work of art that humbles me as a master carpenter. To create a staircase like this using modern tools would be a feat. It's
Loretto_Chapel
British journalist, historian and author
Ruth Brandon (born 1943) is a British journalist, historian and author. Brandon was born in Luton, where her family had a factory, grew up in Edgware
Ruth_Brandon
American political endorsements
Brucato Jim Butler Jason Carl Elizabeth Carpenter Michele Carter Jamie Chambers John Chambers Sam Chupp David Cook Sue Weinlein Cook Jeremy Crawford Liz
List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements
List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements
British television show
conservator Stuart Black, firefighting historian George Blackman, antique typewriter restorer Matthew Boultwood, blacksmith David Burville, organ restorer, toy
The_Repair_Shop
2003 TV series or program
and armor, served as the trainer while the British medieval historian Dr. David Carpenter served as a historical consultant. While the show appeared to
Warrior_Challenge
Ethnic group in the United States
via Newspapers.com. Chen, Constance M. (1996). "Obituary: Marzieh Nabil Carpenter Gail (1908-1993): Translator and Author, "Patron Saint" of Women Bahá'í
Iranian_Americans
Surname list
Abel (born 1969), American comics writer John Abel (carpenter) (1578/9–1675), English master carpenter Josef Abel (1768–1818), Austrian painter and etcher
Abel_(surname)
Claims of giant human skeleton discoveries
taken to New Orleans, medical doctor William Carpenter found it to be a young mastodon's remains. Carpenter reported that there was not fraud—the man exhibiting
Giant_human_skeletons
American actor (1954–2026)
was a biochemist, and his maternal great-grandmother was the sister of historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg. Carradine's parents divorced when he was two. A
Robert_Carradine
2003 American film
journalist & editor Kali Rocha as Anna Jackson, wife of Stonewall Jackson David Carpenter as Reverend Tucker Lacy Karen Hochstetter as Roberta Corbin Christie
Gods_and_Generals_(film)
English broadcaster, biologist, natural historian and author Sir David Attenborough, and his audiovisual works. David Attenborough's long trajectory working
List of things named after David Attenborough and his works
List_of_things_named_after_David_Attenborough_and_his_works
King of England from 1272 to 1307
the English State. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-31198-9. Carpenter, David (2007). "King Henry III and Saint Edward The Confessor: The Origins
Edward_I
master carpenter Norm Abram use - and approve of - polyurethane exterior trim, while Steve joins acoustical consultant John Storyk as he works with David to
List of This Old House episodes (seasons 21–30)
List_of_This_Old_House_episodes_(seasons_21–30)
American actor and director
the 1983 comedy film Losin' It as Spider; later that year, in the John Carpenter horror film Christine as Dennis Guilder; and the 1985 comedy film My Science
John_Stockwell_(actor)
1789 by Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
French society. Vigée Le Brun's painting has been interpreted by some art historians as challenging gender norms and demonstrating her strength and independence
Self-Portrait with Julie (Self-Portrait à la Grecque)
Self-Portrait_with_Julie_(Self-Portrait_à_la_Grecque)
Men whom a lord gathered around himself in his service
Pembroke's proximity to the king. Historian Michael Hicks has described it as a "personal, not feudal" connection, which David Crouch called an early example
Affinity_(medieval)
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
made such an impression on his first appeal to a New York audience". Historian David Herbert Donald described the speech as "a superb political move for
Abraham_Lincoln
Bengali social reformer (1844–1898)
journal Abalabandhab (Friend of Women) in Dhaka. According to American historian David Kopf, it may have been the first journal in the world devoted solely
Dwarkanath_Ganguly
Ethnic cleansing in the United States
000 Cherokee-owned black slaves, were removed from their homes. Historians such as David Stannard and Barbara Mann have noted that the army deliberately
Native American genocide in the United States
Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States
British businessman and former politician
Henderson Compton-Rickett Walters vacant Chamberlain Joynson-Hicks Boyd-Carpenter Gosling vacant Sutherland Onslow Arnold vacant Walters Rochester Hutchison
Ben_Gummer
carpenter Joyce E. Neal, professor Patrick Larson Victoria Broderick Organizations Center for Freethought Equality Jacob Anders, author and historian
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Tennessee
Holy Roman Empress from 1114 to 1125; claimant to the English throne
of 1139–53, Stroud, UK: The History Press, ISBN 978-0-7509-3793-1 Carpenter, David (2004), The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284
Empress_Matilda
1984 film by Wes Craven
are disorienting in the [David] Cronenberg spirit, they get in the way of the relentless, pursuing-monster aspect that Carpenter manages so well." Author
A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street
American politician and frontiersman (1786–1836)
the David Crockett Birthplace State Park John married Rebecca Hawkins in 1780. Nine children of John and Rebecca have been verified by historians and
Davy_Crockett
Queen of England from 1236 to 1272
his family. Some historians have regarded her as the most unpopular queen in England. Historians Margaret Howell and David Carpenter describe her as being
Eleanor_of_Provence
Economic system based on social ownership of the means of production in a market economy
free markets help workers and weaken capitalists. For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster, "[i]t is apparent [...] that Proudhonian Anarchism
Market_socialism
TV series
appearances of Anita Dobson as Eunice Lytton and Linda Thorson as Gladys Carpenter. 128 8 "The Sisters of Aeschylus" Michael Lacey Liberty Martin
List_of_Father_Brown_episodes
Son of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings (1808–1856)
the youngest son of Sally Hemings, a mixed-race enslaved woman. Most historians who have considered the question believe that his father was Thomas Jefferson
Eston_Hemings
British naval officer
David Watkin Waters RN FSA FRHistS FRIN (2 August 1911 – 28 November 2012) was a British naval officer, historian of navigation, and naval historian, who
David_Watkin_Waters
RICO act. Panayot Butchvarov, 93, Bulgarian philosopher. Juliet Winters Carpenter, 77, American translator. Yevgeniy Duleyev, 70, Russian rower, Olympic
Deaths_in_May_2026
Dark comedy podcast
Psychic Nukes 1:08:50 2020-04-15 407 The Yorkshire Ripper, Part I: John Carpenter's Fonzie 1:49:56 2020-04-18 *** Side Stories: Piss Shrine 1:14:32 2020-04-22
The_Last_Podcast_on_the_Left
British politician (born 1942)
Aitken himself has similarly been under question. In December 2008, Dutch historian Cees Fasseur said Aitken was the result of a wartime affair between Prince
Jonathan_Aitken
Douglas Brewer, physicist David Brunt, meteorologist Ronald Burge, professor of physics Keith Burnett, physicist Kathleen E. Carpenter, freshwater ecologist
List_of_Welsh_scientists
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
Male
Yiddish
Yiddish form of Hebrew David, DOVID means "beloved."
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German, Hebrew, Scottish
Son of David; David's Son; Dear One; Beloved
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from Hebrew David, DAVIS means "beloved."
Girl/Female
English
Beloved. Feminine of David.
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish
Form of David
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English, French, Hebrew, Irish
Cherished; Beloved; Variant of David Beloved; Diminutive of David
Male
Norse
Old Norse form of Hebrew David, DAVIÃ means "beloved."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Celtic, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Hebrew, Irish, Norse, Scandinavian
Beloved; Dear One; Bright Finn; Brilliant Finn; Black One; Variant of David
Male
Scottish
 Pet form of Scottish Gaelic Dà ibhidh, DAVIE means "beloved." Compare with another form of Davie.
Male
Polish
Polish form of Hebrew David, DAWID means "beloved."
Male
English
 English pet form of Hebrew David, DAVIE means "beloved." Compare with another form of Davie.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Hebrew
Beloved; Feminine Form of David
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Indian, Latin, Swedish
Beloved; Feminine of David; Friend; Darling
Male
Italian
Italian form of Hebrew David, DAVIDE means "beloved."
Male
English
(דָּוִד, דָּוִיד) Hebrew name DAVID means "beloved." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Jesse. David was the second king of Israel and father of King Solomon. As a youth he killed a giant named Goliath with his slingshot.Â
Male
Portuguese
Brazilian Portuguese form of Hebrew David, DAVI means "beloved."
Boy/Male
Australian, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Swiss
Italian Form of David; Beloved; Dear One
Female
English
(דָוִידָה) Feminine form of Hebrew David, DAVIDA means "beloved."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a worker in wood, Norman French carpentier (from Late Latin carpentarius ‘cartwright’).Translation of German Zimmermann, French Charpentier, Italian Carpentieri, or cognates and equivalents in various other languages.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Feminie of David
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN
DAVID CARPENTER-HISTORIAN