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1441–1783 Crimean Tatar state
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary
Crimean_Khanate
Monarchical state ruled by a khan
Horde Khanate of Kazan Crimean Khanate Kara-Khanid Khanate Kimek Khanate Keraite Khanate Naiman Khanate Tatar Khanate Merkit Khanate Nogai Khanate Astrakhan
Khanate
Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Crimea
population as a whole. Following the Russian Empire's annexation of the Crimean Khanate in 1783, they were subjected to attempts at driving them from the region
Crimean_Tatars
Ottoman-backed Turkic invasions (1441–1774)
Between 1441 and 1774, the Crimean Khanate and the Nogai Horde[dubious – discuss] conducted slave raids throughout lands primarily controlled by Russia
Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe
Crimean–Nogai_slave_raids_in_Eastern_Europe
Conflicts between the Tsardom of Russia and the Crimean Khanate in the 16th century
The Russo-Crimean Wars were fought between the forces of the Tsardom of Russia and the Crimean Khanate during the 16th century over the region around the
Russo-Crimean_Wars
1783 annexation of territory
formally annexed the Crimean Khanate on 19 April [O.S. 8 April] 1783, following a decade-long campaign of intervention in the Crimean Peninsula. Russia aimed
1783 Russian annexation of Crimea
1783_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea
1242–1502 Turkicized Mongol khanate
traditionally marks the end of Mongol rule over Russia. The Crimean Khanate and the Kazakh Khanate, the last remnants of the Golden Horde, survived until 1783
Golden_Horde
slave trades of the Black Sea region was the trade of the Crimean Khanate, known as the Crimean slave trade. The Black Sea is situated in a region historically
Black_Sea_slave_trade
1452–1681 Tatar vassal state of Russia
khans from ruling families of the Tatar khanates: Khanate of Kazan, the Crimean Khanate, and the Siberia Khanate.[citation needed] List of Qasim khans List
Qasim_Khanate
1480–1634 confederation in the Pontic–Caspian steppe
Kalmyks. The Nogais north of the Black Sea were nominally subject to the Crimean Khanate rather than the Nogai Bey. They were divided into the following groups:
Nogai_Horde
Rump state of the Golden Horde
Horde and the Crimean Khanate, which had become a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in 1475. The Muscovite prince Ivan III sided with Crimean khan Meñli
Great_Horde
Peninsula in Europe
in the 13th century from which the Crimean Khanate emerged as a successor state. In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire
Crimea
Recorded history of the Crimean peninsula
centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, and in the 1440s the Crimean Khanate formed out of the collapse of the horde but quite rapidly itself became
History_of_Crimea
1466–1556 Tatar khanate
Horde, and to the west Nogais who were theoretically subjects of the Crimean Khanate. The area was a natural center since it was the intersection of the
Astrakhan_Khanate
Oirat-Mongol Khanate on the Eurasian steppe (1630-1771)
expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, neighboring Muslim tribes, and the highlanders of the North Caucasus. The Khanate was annexed by the
Kalmyk_Khanate
and migration—involving Kipchak Turks from the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate to the north, and Oghuz speakers from the Ottoman Empire to the south—resulted
Crimean_Tatar_dialects
Turkic ethnic groups in Eurasia
Horde in Europe, such as those of the former Kazan, Crimean, Astrakhan, Qasim, and Siberian Khanates. The form Tartar has its origins in either Latin or
Tatars
Military conflict
The Crimean-Circassian War of 1552–1556 was a military conflict between the Crimean Khanate and the Kabardian Principality. Kabardian prince Temruqo believed
Crimean–Circassian war (1552–1556)
Crimean–Circassian_war_(1552–1556)
16th-century military action
of rump states. Among them the Crimean Khanate and the Kazan Khanate. The State of the Great Horde succeeded the Khanate of the Golden Horde, but it ceased
Russian conquest of the Astrakhan Khanate
Russian_conquest_of_the_Astrakhan_Khanate
The Crimean Khanate was a state which existed in present-day southern Ukraine (Crimea) from 1441 until 1783. The position of Khan in Crimea was an elective
List_of_Crimean_khans
Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe
thereby asserting Ottoman authority over the region and placing the Crimean Khanate under Ottoman protection. Following the momentous Conquest of Constantinople
Crimean_Campaign_(1475)
De jure autonomous republic of Ukraine
it was partly under Polish suzerainty. They were followed by the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire in the 15th to 18th centuries, the Russian Empire
Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea
1521 invasion of Muscovy
was led by Mehmed I Giray of the Crimean Khanate, a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. In 1521 the Khan of the Crimean Khanate, Mehmed I Giray, prepared a great
Crimean invasion of Russia (1521)
Crimean_invasion_of_Russia_(1521)
1502 siege
(1502) was a conflict between the Crimean Khanate and the Great Horde, the last remnant of the Golden Horde. The Crimean Khan Meñli I Giray, seeking to become
Sack_of_Sarai_(1502)
campaign was the retreat of the Crimean troops and the successful campaign of Russian troops against the Kazan Khanate In 1552, the Russian tsar Ivan the
Crimean_campaign_of_Tula
the Crimean peninsula. As a people, the Crimean Tatars were formed during the period of the Crimean Khanate—a state that existed on the peninsula from
Crimean_Tatar_culture
Autonomous entity of the Nogai Horde
Horde, was a semi-autonomous region under the protectorate of the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire's Silistra Eyalet. It was founded on the northern
Budjak_Horde
Military conflict
Crimean–Circassian War of 1518 was a military conflict between the Crimean Khanate and the Kabardian Principality. The defeat paused Crimean attacks on
Crimean–Circassian_War_(1518)
1468–1598 Siberian Tatar Khanate in southwestern Siberia
PHAGMODRUPAS CHAM- PA SIBIR KHANATE CRIMEAN KHANATE LITHUANIA GRAND DUCHY KHAZAN KHANATE ASTRA- KHAN MUSCOVY NOGAIS KAZAKH KHANATE MING DYNASTY FOUR OIRATS
Khanate_of_Sibir
Last khan of the Great Horde (r. 1481–1502)
then allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was fighting with the Crimean Khanate, allied with the Grand Principality of Moscow. In 1500, the Muscovite–Lithuanian
Sheikh_Ahmed
Former country on Crimean Peninsula
and the neglect of its Black Sea colonies, but also the rise of the Crimean Khanate. In about 1410/1411 at the latest prince Alexios ascended the throne
Principality_of_Theodoro
Crimean Campaign
Ottoman Empire, which declared war on Russia in November 1710. The Crimean Khanate, an Ottoman ally launched a series of raids as well as an unsuccessful
Crimean_campaign_(1711)
1439–1552 wars between Kazan and Russia
intervened on behalf of the dynastic interests of its main ally, the Crimean Khanate. For most of the period, neither side sought to conquer the other,
Russo-Kazan_Wars
Cossack rebellion within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1648–1657
by the rebelling Ruthenian peasantry and initially allied with the Crimean Khanate, fought against the Commonwealth's forces. The war was accompanied
Khmelnytsky_Uprising
Territorial transfer within the Soviet Union
incorporated into the Russian Empire, the Crimean Peninsula was independent under the Crimean Khanate. The Muslim Turkic Crimean Tatars were under the influence
Transfer_of_Crimea_to_Ukraine
Cossack victory over the Ottomans
Russian government decided to conduct a raid on the territory of the Crimean Khanate, for which they allocated a detachment of Prince Cherkassky (747 people
Crimean_campaign_(1675)
Khanate_450_years_ago "Inside the Crimean Khanate". History of Crimea: 111–116. 2024. doi:10.5040/9781350328037.ch-019. "The Kazan Khanate: 15th–17th
Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
Vassal_and_tributary_states_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Ottoman military campaign
Turkish-Crimean Invasion of Kabardia (1774) was a military campaign carried out by the forces of the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate against Kabardia
Turkish-Crimean Invasion of Kabardia (1774)
Turkish-Crimean_Invasion_of_Kabardia_(1774)
List of wars between Crimera and Circassian tribes
The Crimean–Circassian wars were a series of intermittent conflicts between the Crimean Khanate and various Circassian tribes from the late 15th century
Crimean–Circassian_wars
16th to 18th-century Cossack polity in modern southern Ukraine
came under the sovereignty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Crimean Khanate (itself a vassal of the Ottoman Empire), the Tsardom of Russia (Muscovy)
Zaporozhian_Sich
1575 Cossack invasion of Crimea
The Crimean campaign was launched by the Zaporozhian Ataman Bohdan Ruzhynsky jointly with Don Cossacks against the Crimean Khanate, on September 1575.
Crimean_campaign_(1575)
The Crimean Tatars emerged as a Turkic-speaking ethnic group native to Crimea in the early modern period, during the lifetime of the Crimean Khanate, and
Demographics_of_Crimea
Ottoman–Crimean War (1584)
(1578–1590). The Ottoman Empire attempted to reestablish dominance in the Crimean Khanate, and to enthrone a new Khan favorable to the Ottomans, Islam II Giray
Crimean_campaign_(1584)
Series of conflicts between 1568 and 1918
the Ottoman Empire to obtain a number of commercial benefits. The Crimean Khanate, an Ottoman vassal, continued its expansion against the Tsardom of
Russo-Turkish_wars
The Crimean campaign was a military expedition undertaken by the Zaporozhian Cossacks under Kosh otaman Ivan Sirko in October 1667 against the Crimean Khanate
Crimean_campaign_(1667)
City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
of the region north of the Black and Azov Seas was annexed by the Crimean Khanate and became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. East of the Dnieper
Mariupol
Wife of Mengli I Giray (1451–1519)
women known to have had influence over the affairs of state in the Crimean Khanate. She is also one of few well known women of the Giray dynasty. She
Nur Sultan (wife of Mengli I Giray)
Nur_Sultan_(wife_of_Mengli_I_Giray)
Ukrainian ethnic group
the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Tsardom of Russia, and the Crimean Khanate. The host went through a series of conflicts and alliances involving
Zaporozhian_Cossacks
Ulus (Golden Horde) in the 13th century and the establishment of the Crimean Khanate in the 15th century. The ancestors of modern Ukrainians acquired the
Islam_in_Ukraine
supply source for the infamous Crimean slave trade.[citation needed] During the Early Modern age the Crimean Khanate (1441–1783) was a major center of
Slavery_in_Lithuania
1654–1679 Cossack attacks on the Ottomans, Crimea, and Nogai
against Crimean Khanate, Nogai Horde and Ottoman Empire, in 1654–1679. Ivan Sirko's campaigns played a crucial role in weakening the Crimean Khanate, forcing
Sirko's_campaigns
between the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire, since the Crimean Khanate was the vassal of the Ottoman Empire.citation needed The Crimean Khanate maintained
Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
1438–1552 Kazan Tatar state
treaty with the Astrakhan Khanate, the Crimean Khanate, and the Nogai Horde. The combined forces of Khan Muhamed Giray and his Crimean allies then attacked
Khanate_of_Kazan
1731 battle in the Northern Caucasus
forces of Grand Kabarda and the Crimean Khanate. It was part of the larger Crimean-Circassian Wars, where the Crimean Khanate attempted to subjugate the independent
Battle_of_Zhyryshty
Khan of Crimea 1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515
Meñli I Giray (1445–1515) was thrice the khan of the Crimean Khanate (1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515) and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray. It took Meñli 12
Meñli_I_Giray
Turkish traveler and writer (1611–1684)
the impact of Cossack raids from Azak upon the territories of the Crimean Khanate, destroying trade routes and severely depopulating the regions. By
Evliya_Çelebi
Campaign of the Crimean khan Sahib Giray against Circassians
campaign was triggered by the Hatuqay refusal to pay slaves tax to the Crimean Khanate, and the goal was the annexation of Hatuqay; which failed, although
Crimean_campaign_in_Hatuqay
The Crimean campaigns were carried by the Zaporozhian Cossacks and their Don-Kalmyk allies against the Crimean Khanate, consisting of total 4 successful
Crimean_campaigns_(1668)
City in Crimea, Ukraine
well as the former capital of the Crimean Khanate. Its main landmark is Hansaray, the only extant palace of the Crimean Khans, currently open to tourists
Bakhchysarai
Circassian-Crimean battle in 1761
The Battle of Ust-Labinsk was a major clash between the Crimean Khanate and a coalition of Circassian principalities, led by the Chemguy tribe, on June
Battle_of_Ust-Labinsk
part of the Crimean Tatar people. Steppe Crimean Tatars made up the vast majority of the army of the Crimean Khanate, although most Crimean Tatars are
Crimean Tatar subethnic groups
Crimean_Tatar_subethnic_groups
Topics referred to by the same term
Crimean Peninsula Russo-Crimean Wars (16th–17th centuries), between Russia and the Crimean Khanate Crimean campaign of 1646 Crimean campaigns of 1687 and
Crimean_War_(disambiguation)
Historical country in the North Caucasus
Concurrently, Kabardia faced repeated aggression from the Crimean Khanate under Khan Devlet I Giray. Crimean hordes raided Kabardian territory in 1553, 1554, 1555
Kabardia
Late medieval Genoese-Mongol relations
Great Horde) and the Crimean Khanate. The conflicts concerned control of trade and political influence in the Black Sea and Crimean peninsula. Initial contacts
Genoese–Mongol_Wars
Military campaign against the Crimean Khanate by the Tsardom of Russia
The Crimean campaign of 1646 was a military campaign launched by the Tsardom of Russia against the Crimean Khanate that took place in the summer of 1646
Crimean_campaign_(1646)
Reprisals for the Crimean–Nogai slave raids (1492–1774)
Primarily occurring in the Crimean Khanate, the Nogai Horde, and the Ottoman Empire, the raids developed as a reaction to the Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern
Cossack_raids
War in 1860s. For much of its history, Besleney was an ally of the Crimean Khanate, and the two states had royal marriage ties. The principality was inhabited
Principality_of_Besleney
Ukrainian Cossacks were also related to the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, having many conflicts with them. By the late 18th century, Ukraine
List of wars involving Ukraine
List_of_wars_involving_Ukraine
Campaigns in the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
Tsardom of Russia against the Crimean Khanate. They were a part of the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) and Russo-Crimean Wars. These were the first Russian
Crimean_campaigns_(1687–1689)
came under the rule of four external powers: the Golden Horde, the Crimean Khanate, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
History_of_Ukraine
1502 battle between Moldavia and Golden Horde
and Enai-saltan against the Crimean Khanate and to southern Russia. For this reason, Stephen III negotiated with Crimean Khan Meñli I Giray to coordinate
Battle_of_the_Samara_River
Turkic ethnic group in North Caucasus
the Astrakhan Khanate, and after the conquest of Astrakhan in 1556 by the Russians, they transferred their allegiance to the Crimean Khanate. The Nogais
Nogais
Territory of the Russian Empire (1764–1917)
entered official usage in 1764, after the Russian Empire conquered the Crimean Khanate, and annexed its territories, when Novorossiya Governorate (or Province)
Novorossiya
Crimean Khan's action in Russia
lands of the Crimean Khanate — Muscovite troops invaded Crimea and burned villages and towns in Western and Eastern Crimea, with many Crimean Tatars captured
Fire_of_Moscow_(1571)
annexation of the Crimean Khanate in 1783, a variety of legal and practical measures were implemented to subjugate the indigenous Crimean Tatars, who are
De-Tatarization_of_Crimea
Ottoman vassal in Ukraine
The southern, coastal edge of territory had been occupied by the Crimean Khanate since the 1520s in order to enable the slave raidings. The territory
Yedisan
Historical term for the Pontic Steppe
western section of the Wild Fields, Yedisan, came to be dominated by the Crimean Khanate, a political entity controlled by the expanding Ottoman Empire from
Wild_Fields
1649–1764 Cossack state in Ukraine
military support of the Crimean Khanate, which was crucial in opposing the Polish forces for the Hetmanate. However, the Crimean Tatars proved to be an
Cossack_Hetmanate
Tenth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars (1853–1856)
the lower reaches of the Dnieper River and then the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians. "The plan to develop Russia as a southern power had
Crimean_War
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796
throne of Poland, which was eventually partitioned. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was annexed following victories over the Bar Confederation and the
Catherine_the_Great
Country in Eastern Europe
Genghisid prince Haci I Giray founded the Crimean Khanate on the Crimean Peninsula and the surrounding steppes; the Khanate orchestrated Tatar slave raids. Over
Ukraine
Series of 15th-century military conflicts
access to the coastline, made Circassia a region of interest. The Crimean Khanate, an Ottoman vassal state, shared these interests, particularly in slave
Ottoman-Crimean Invasion of Circassia (1479–1490)
Ottoman-Crimean_Invasion_of_Circassia_(1479–1490)
Extinct Germanic ethnic group of Crimea
finally incorporated in the Khanate of Crimea and the Ottoman Empire. This is generally considered to be the fall of the Crimean Goths. The French bishop
Crimean_Goths
Historical principality and province of Circassia
significant military force and frequently engaged in warfare against the Crimean Khanate and rival Circassian principalities. Hatuqay had a large Armenian population;
Principality_of_Hatuqay
Circassian campaign in Bakhchisarai against Crimean Khanate
(Kabardian: Бахъшысэрей зекIуэ) was a Kabardian military raid against the Crimean Khanate in approximately 1535–1536. The event is considered legendary because
Bakhchisarai_campaign
also known as the Crimean–Circassian War of 1539–1551, were a series of large-scale military expeditions conducted by the Crimean Khanate under Sahib I Giray
Crimean–Circassian war (1539–1551)
Crimean–Circassian_war_(1539–1551)
Golden Horde and established the Crimean Khanate. For a long time, until the early 18th century, the Tatar khanate maintained an extensive slave-trade
History_of_slavery
Series of military conflicts
was launched by the Crimean Khanate against the Circassian tribes of Natukhaj and Shapsug near the Circassian coast. In 1713, Crimean Khan Devlet II Giray
Battle_of_Pshada_River_(1713)
Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-08-23. Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2011). The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: international diplomacy on the European periphery
Crimean_campaign_(1624)
16th–18th century North Caucasus wars
(often allied with the Crimean Khanate) from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The Nogais, who were subjects of the Crimean Khanate, frequently raided Circassian
Circassian–Nogai_wars
This is a list of Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe. Battle of Blue Waters Battle of the Vorskla River Crimean Khanate Crimean slave trade Shabuldo
List of Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe
List_of_Crimean–Nogai_slave_raids_in_Eastern_Europe
with the Crimean Khanate, but more often raided Tatars. Dashkevych's raids eventually provoked the Crimean Khan to attack Cherkasy. Crimean attack turned
Siege_of_Cherkasy
the fall of Constantinople, while Crimean–Ottoman relations strengthened. The Great Horde weakened the Crimean Khanate, thereby managing to assist the Genoese
List of wars and battles involving the Golden Horde
List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Golden_Horde
Khan of Crimea from 1678 to 1683
Murad Giray (1627–1696; reigned 1678–1683) was a Khan of the Crimean Khanate between the first and second reigns of his cousin Selim I Giray. His father
Murad_Giray
1519 battle of the Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe
against the Crimean Khanate, which took place on August 2, 1519. The battle ended in victory for the Crimeans. On July 1519, a large Crimean Tatar force
Battle_of_Sokal
1735 Russian military campaign against the Crimean Khanate
Crimea was a punitive expedition undertaken by the Russians against the Crimean Khanate. Taking place in autumn 1735, during the start of the Russo-Turkish
Leontiev_campaign_to_Crimea
Kipchak Turkic language
Crimean Khanate. However, the official written languages of the Crimean Khanate were Chagatai and Ottoman Turkish. After Islamization, Crimean Tatars wrote
Crimean_Tatar_language
1501–1756 Uzbek state in Central Asia
The Khanate of Bukhara was an Uzbek monarchy in Central Asia from 1501 to 1785, founded by the Shaybanid dynasty, a branch of the Abu'l-Khayrids. Muhammad
Khanate_of_Bukhara
1527 battle
January 27, 1527, between the armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Crimean Khanate. It was the last large raid into the Grand Duchy. It was also the last
Battle_of_Olshanitsa
1st Khan of Crimea from 1441 to 1456
Hacı I Giray (1397–1466) was the founder of the Crimean Khanate and the Giray dynasty of Crimea ruling from c. 1441 until his death in 1466. As the Golden
Hacı_I_Giray
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