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Mathematical logic concept
In logic and mathematics, contraposition, or transposition, refers to the inference of going from a conditional statement into its logically equivalent
Contraposition
Rule of logical inference
argument: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. See also contraposition and proof by contrapositive. The form of a modus tollens argument is
Modus_tollens
Reasoning for mathematical statements
is often used instead of "proof by mathematical induction". Proof by contraposition infers the statement "if p then q" by establishing the logically equivalent
Mathematical_proof
Statement regarding whether or not an item belongs to a category
categorical statement. Note that this contraposition in the traditional logic is not the same as the contraposition (also called transposition) in the modern
Categorical_proposition
Informal fallacy
technical issues, or some kind of oversight from the hiring team. Contraposition, also known as transposition, is a logically valid rule of inference
Argument_from_ignorance
Greek philosopher
ever-changing waters flowing through it, and all things exist as a contraposition of opposites, while Parmenides adopted an altogether contrary vision
Plato
Colombian singer (born 1977)
comes with music co-written by Luis F. Ochoa and includes an intriguing contraposition of rock guitars and Latin horn section, utilized among other seemingly
Shakira
Function that preserves distinctness
its codomain; that is, x1 ≠ x2 implies f(x1) ≠ f(x2) (equivalently by contraposition, f(x1) = f(x2) implies x1 = x2). In other words, every element of the
Injective_function
17th-century conjecture proved by Andrew Wiles in 1994
conjecture might also simultaneously prove Fermat's Last Theorem. By contraposition, a disproof or refutation of Fermat's Last Theorem would disprove the
Fermat's_Last_Theorem
In logic, a statement which is always true
then not-B implies not-A", and vice versa), which expresses the law of contraposition. For instance, "If it's bound, it is a book; if it's not a book, it's
Tautology_(logic)
Mathematical series with a finite sum
smaller series, Σ a n {\displaystyle \Sigma a_{n}} must converge. By contraposition, if the red series Σ a n {\displaystyle \Sigma a_{n}} is proven to diverge
Convergent_series
Rule of replacement in propositional logic
for lunch, then Sam also cannot have eaten an orange for lunch (by contraposition). However, merely saying that Sam did not eat an orange for lunch provides
Material implication (rule of inference)
Material_implication_(rule_of_inference)
Paradox arising from the question of what constitutes evidence for a statement
can be expressed as: If something is a raven, then it is black. Via contraposition, this statement is equivalent to: (2) If something is not black, then
Raven_paradox
Method for solving one problem using another
for the second problem, one exists for the first problem as well. By contraposition, if no efficient algorithm exists for the first problem, none exists
Polynomial-time_reduction
Concept in logic
Syntactically, (1) and (2) are derivable from each other via the rules of contraposition and double negation. Semantically, (1) and (2) are true in exactly the
Logical_equivalence
Chinese warlord and statesman (155–220)
treacherous tyrant who serves as a nemesis to Liu Bei, often depicted in contraposition as a hero trying to revive the declining Han dynasty. The authoritative
Cao_Cao
In mathematics, collection of classes
category theory, the term conglomerate is applied to arbitrary sets as a contraposition to the distinguished sets that are elements of a Grothendieck universe
Conglomerate_(mathematics)
Economic system free from interventionism
who adopted a laissez-faire system he termed anarchistic socialism in contraposition to state socialism. This tradition has been recently associated with
Laissez-faire
Comune in Veneto, Italy
cities, including Castelfranco Veneto (founded by the Trevigiani in contraposition to Padua), had become attractive to neighbouring powers, including the
Treviso
Argument that leads to a logical absurdity
an argument contains a logical fallacy, its conclusion must be false Contraposition – Mathematical logic concept DARVO – Acronym for a common strategy of
Reductio_ad_absurdum
Kind of quantifier in logic
above except [symmetry]. Clearly [symmetry] holds for ∃A while e.g. [contraposition] fails. A semantic interpretation of conditional quantifiers involves
Conditional_quantifier
Japanese anime television series
concept popularized by Carl Gustav Jung. The Age of Aquarius was seen in contraposition to the current Age of Pisces: whereas the Age of Pisces represents duality
Genesis_of_Aquarion
Relevance fallacy
existence or non-existence. Argument from ignorance Argument from silence Contraposition Probatio diabolica Proof by exhaustion "Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence
Evidence_of_absence
C=ND(N\otimes N)} In the classical propositional calculus, the law of contraposition p → q ≡ ¬q → ¬p is proved because the equivalence holds for all the
Vector_logic
Prime number of the form 2^n – 1
(2a − 1)((2a)b−1 + (2a)b−2 + ... + 2a + 1) so 2p − 1 is composite. By contraposition, if 2p − 1 is prime then p is prime. If p is an odd prime, then every
Mersenne_prime
Discrepancy of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood
habitable planets per star. The Hart–Tipler conjecture is a form of contraposition which states that because no interstellar probes have been detected
Fermi_paradox
Logical operation
(grammatical polarity) Ampheck Apophasis Binary opposition Bitwise NOT Contraposition Cyclic negation Negation as failure NOT gate Plato's beard Square of
Negation
Family of logics for natural-language and counterfactual conditionals
classical schemas like strengthening the antecedent, transitivity, and contraposition, which are not always correct for ordinary "if ... then ..." sentences
Conditional_logic
Former Indian Defence Minister
the final hours, leaving Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov in contraposition. Why is that we have never heard voices in connection with the freedom
V._K._Krishna_Menon
20th-century Italian art movement
Scuola romana or Scuola di via Cavour was a 20th-century art movement defined by a group of painters within Expressionism and active in Rome between 1928
Scuola_Romana
Collection of statistical models
implies that the variance is constant for all treatments. Therefore, by contraposition, a necessary condition for unit-treatment additivity is that the variance
Analysis_of_variance
Branch of knowledge concerned with building intuition for quantum theory
resolve this conceptual gap: First, one can put quantum physics in contraposition with classical physics: by identifying scenarios, such as Bell experiments
Quantum_foundations
Concept in mathematical logic
and P cannot be swapped in All S are P. Philosophy portal Aristotle Contraposition Inverse (logic) Logical connective Obversion Term logic Transposition
Converse_(logic)
American MMA fighter, wrestler, actor (b. 1973)
foreigner like Sapp against a Japanese national like Taro, a cultural contraposition, also gained comparisons with Japanese professional wrestling legend
Bob_Sapp
Topics referred to by the same term
acronym that stands for Philosophy Anthropology Theater History (in contraposition to STEM) "Path Vol. 1 & 2", a 2000 single by Apocalyptica Potomac-Appalachian
Path
Sculpture from classical antiquity
they discovered that living humans tend to display a "weight shift" or contraposition when standing. The first Greek statue to exhibit contrapposto is the
Classical_sculpture
2006 film by Doug Atchison
African-American ways of knowing, in order to be considered intellectual". Another contraposition commented by scholars was "between the supportive Dr. Larabee and Akeelah's
Akeelah_and_the_Bee
Kind of non-classical logic
Raa^{*}a} ( A → ¬ A ) → ¬ A {\displaystyle (A\to \lnot A)\to \lnot A} Contraposition R a b c ⇒ R a c ∗ b ∗ {\displaystyle Rabc\Rightarrow Rac^{*}b^{*}} (
Relevance_logic
Extreme element of a preorder
also a maximal element of S , {\displaystyle S,} and the only one. By contraposition, if S {\displaystyle S} has several maximal elements, it cannot have
Maximal_and_minimal_elements
Probabilistic primality test
square roots of 1 modulo n {\displaystyle n} are 1 and −1. Hence, by contraposition, if n {\displaystyle n} is not a strong probable prime to base a {\displaystyle
Miller–Rabin_primality_test
Concept in logic
{\displaystyle {\bigl [}\neg \psi (X)\Rightarrow \neg \psi (Y){\bigr ]}} by contraposition, thus ( X = Y ) ⟹ [ ¬ ψ ( X ) ⇒ ¬ ψ ( Y ) ] {\displaystyle (X=Y)\implies
Substitution_(logic)
Roman declaration of inviolability or sacredness
the Aventine Hill into their stronghold and their own jurisdiction in contraposition to the Roman state. The Plebeian Council, under the leadership of the
Sacrosanctity
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Commutativity of conjunction Conjunction introduction Constructive dilemma Contraposition (traditional logic) Conversion (logic) De Morgan's laws Destructive
Outline_of_logic
British philosopher of language (1913–1988)
these statements, it might appear one could make these deductions by contraposition and conditional disjunction: ([a] from [ii]) If Yog was white, then
Paul_Grice
German judge (1842 – 1911)
of "purification". These are called the "anterior realms of God" in contraposition to the "posterior" realms which consist of the Upper (Ormuzd) and Lower
Daniel_Paul_Schreber
Terms to describe a conditional relationship between two statements
cannot be true unless Q is true" or "if Q is false, then P is false". By contraposition, this is the same thing as "whenever P is true, so is Q". The logical
Necessity_and_sufficiency
Concept in mathematical logic
non-P". "All S are not P" (E form) becomes "Some non-S are not non-P". Contraposition Converse (logic) Obversion Transposition (logic) Taylor, Courtney K
Inverse_(logic)
1995 publication in mathematics
Theorem would disprove the Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture, or by contraposition, a proof of the latter would prove the former as well. To complete this
Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem
Wiles's_proof_of_Fermat's_Last_Theorem
Logical connective
Contraposition: ( ¬ Q → ¬ P ) → ( P → Q ) {\displaystyle (\neg Q\to \neg P)\to (P\to Q)} 1. [ (Q → ⊥) → (P → ⊥) ] // Assume (to discharge at 9) 2. [
Material_conditional
Various systems of symbolic logic
the law of excluded middle implies a proposition, then by applying contraposition twice and using the double-negated excluded middle, one may prove double-negated
Intuitionistic_logic
Argument for the existence of God
agent exists, then it is necessarily true that a first agent exists (by contraposition). Therefore [b,7], it is necessarily true that a first agent exists
Cosmological_argument
Italian sculptor
London) The main concept of his individual smaller-scale works is the contraposition between space, emptiness, figures and volumes. He is eliminating part
Hugo_Daini
Inference rule that may be applied to only a particular segment of an expression
(p\rightarrow q)\rightarrow (\neg q\rightarrow \neg p)} Transposition or contraposition law p → q ∴ ¬ p ∨ q ¯ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}p\rightarrow q\\\therefore
Rule_of_replacement
Babylonian clay tablet of numbers in Pythagorean triples
the (1) is included, the square root of that number is the secant. In contraposition with these earlier explanations of the tablet, Robson (2002) claims
Plimpton_322
Symbolic logic system
{\displaystyle B\to ((B\to C)\to C)} . Combining this with the valid contraposition principle (see below), also the stability of negated statements follows
Minimal_logic
Spanish castes were considered religious lineages rather than races, in contraposition to the "Moor" and the "Jew". In the Spanish psyche, the Christian-Jewish
Racism_in_Spain
{\displaystyle B'} as a dual to B {\displaystyle B} . The classical contraposition is an example of this duality. A convention is to write ( ) {\displaystyle
Calculus_of_structures
1971 studio album by Lucio Battisti
was released in July 1971 by Dischi Ricordi. The album focuses on the contraposition of "love" and "not-love". As a result, the LP is split in two definite
Amore_e_non_amore
Altar retable
spiral composition and the figures surrounding him are portrayed in contraposition, emphasising their movement. The space is deepened by diagonally depicted
Litoměřice_Altarpiece
Nonconstructive method for mathematical proofs
object chosen from the collection has that property is zero. Thus, by contraposition, if the probability that a random object chosen from the collection
Probabilistic_method
State of standing out as unusual
logical contradictories: the presence of an attribute ('markedness') in contraposition to its absence ('unmarkedness')." In his 1941 Child Language, Aphasia
Markedness
Polytope or tiling with one type of edge
dual of a non-convex polyhedron is also a non-convex polyhedron. (By contraposition.) The dual of an isotoxal polyhedron is also an isotoxal polyhedron
Isotoxal_figure
Principle in economics and game theory
truthful mechanism exists, no mechanism can implement this outcome by contraposition. By narrowing the area needed to be searched, the problem of finding
Revelation_principle
Type of logic diagram
inferences described by medieval logicians: conversion and obversion and contraposition. Each of those three types of categorical inference was applied to the
Square_of_opposition
1989 novel by Juozas Aputis
narrative reminds of improvisation on the organ. The story includes the contraposition of youthful maximalism and the conformism of the Era of Stagnation,
Anthill_in_Prussia
American-born Japanese sumo wrestler (1969–2024)
foreigner like Sapp against a Japanese national like Taro, a cultural contraposition, also gained comparisons with Japanese professional wrestling legend
Akebono_Tarō
Propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic
intuitionistic logic) are, respectively, = IPC + (¬p → ¬q) → (q → p) (inverse contraposition principle) = IPC + ((p → q) → p) → p (Peirce's principle PP, compare
Intermediate_logic
, y ) > 0 {\displaystyle d(x,y)>0} , which is classically just the contraposition of the function preserving equality. Markov's principle can be shown
Markov's_principle
Causal or moderating relationship between statistical variables
implies that the variance is constant for all treatments. Therefore, by contraposition, a necessary condition for unit treatment additivity is that the variance
Interaction_(statistics)
Philosophical concept
evoke the view of knowledge that what is known is brought forth, in contraposition to the more classical views of either cognitivism or connectionism.
Enactivism
1973 film
gates. This plot is narrated through elegant camera movements and the contraposition of the contemplative life in the monastery and the crowded and noisy
The_Water_Was_So_Clear
Mathematical use of "for all" and "there exists"
existential quantification, instead employing his equivalent of ~∀x~, or contraposition. Frege's treatment of quantification went largely unremarked until Bertrand
Quantifier_(logic)
Critical experiment
crucis to the more general philosophical realm of Property dualism. Contraposition in logic, the formal basis of an experimentum crucis Cross-validation
Experimentum_crucis
Island group in the Southeast Caribbean
sometimes used in reference to the Windward Antillean SSS Islands in contraposition to the Leeward Antillean ABC Islands in Dutch contexts. The table below
Windward_Antilles
Swiss visual artist (born 1964)
has continued to assert the law of contrasts and opposites, with the contraposition of works in black and white; others in gray, "earthy” or mineral tones
Ugo_Rondinone
Relationships between the philosophies
who adopted a laissez-faire system he termed anarchistic socialism in contraposition to state socialism. This tradition has been recently associated with
Anarchism_and_capitalism
Type of modal logic
K_{i}\varphi \implies \varphi } This axiom can also be expressed in its contraposition as agents cannot know a false statement: φ ⟹ ¬ K i ¬ φ {\displaystyle
Epistemic_modal_logic
Properties linking logical conjunction and disjunction
Hence, ¬ ψ ⊨ ¬ φ {\displaystyle \neg \psi \models \neg \varphi } , by contraposition; so finally, ψ D ⊨ φ D {\displaystyle \psi ^{D}\models \varphi ^{D}}
Conjunction/disjunction duality
Conjunction/disjunction_duality
compositionality, compositor, compost, compostable, compote, compound, contraposition, contrapositive, contrapposto, counterproposition, decomposition, decompound
List of Latin verbs with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_verbs_with_English_derivatives
Type of probabilistic logic
_{X{\tilde {|}}Y}^{A}=\omega _{Y|X}^{A}\;{\widetilde {\phi \,}}\;a_{X}\,\!} Contraposition Abduction ω X ‖ ~ Y A = ω Y | X A ⊚ ~ ( a X , ω Y A ) {\displaystyle
Subjective_logic
Mathematical concept
ring is commutative and all antiautomorphisms are automorphisms. By contraposition, if a ring is noncommutative (and self-opposite), then no antiautomorphism
Opposite_ring
Type of balanced binary search tree
α-height-balanced, that is height(tree) ≤ floor(log1/α(size(tree))) By contraposition, a tree that is not α-height-balanced is not α-weight-balanced. Scapegoat
Scapegoat_tree
Italian composer, arranger, pianist and record producer
Ravera and Oscar Carboni. During these years the press put often him in contraposition with Pippo Barzizza, with Angelini representing the more traditional
Cinico_Angelini
Essay by Immanuel Kant
middle term." Immediate inferences are usually produced by the use of contraposition or logical conversion. For example, the judgment '"nothing human is
The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures
The_False_Subtlety_of_the_Four_Syllogistic_Figures
Political party in Italy
unsatisfied by the Italian political system, based on the often harsh contraposition between the centre-left Union and the centre-right House of Freedoms
Middle Italy (political party)
Middle_Italy_(political_party)
Italian photographer
Art Career: in 2006, Yuri Catania has started an artistic path in contraposition of his fashion career. The project, No Fashion Places, was exhibited
Yuri_Catania
of the other, such that they cannot both be true or both be false. contraposition A logical principle that states that a conditional statement is logically
Glossary_of_logic
Italian economist
different from the standard Monetarist or Keynesian views: I maintain, in contraposition to the thesis of Keynes, that the Wall Street crash, which came at the
Paolo_Sylos_Labini
Immediate inference in logic
their standard form. Aristotle Categorical proposition § Obversion Contraposition Conversion (logic) Inference Syllogism Term logic Transposition (logic)
Obversion
calculated, which indicate how over- or under-represented the tetramer is in contraposition with what would be expected by looking to individual nucleotide compositions
Binning_(metagenomics)
Transcarpathian general regional referendum, 1991
to change the borders at the expense or benefit of Transcarpathia, contraposition it to other regions of Ukraine; In an effort to increase and make better
1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum
1991_Transcarpathian_general_regional_referendum
Destroyed wooden synagogue in Mogilev, Belarus
description of serpent from Juspa's book, and that "[t]he Jerusalem-Worms contraposition in synagogue art is known to us as Hayim Segal's exclusive innovation
Cold_Synagogue,_Mogilev
dual of a non-convex polyhedron is also a non-convex polyhedron. (By contraposition.) There are ten non-convex isotoxal polyhedra based on the quasiregular
List of isotoxal polyhedra and tilings
List_of_isotoxal_polyhedra_and_tilings
Italian philosopher (born 1956)
principles of violence and abuse, are in fact – and precisely because of the contraposition between spirit and letter mentioned above – the only protection against
Maurizio_Ferraris
American professor and author (1929–2020)
Chicago Literati, The Stone Canoe (electronic edition), The Stone Hobo, Contraposition, The Furious Gazelle, Festival Writer, Shadowgraph, Way Too Fantasy
Irving_Greenfield
(x<z\lor z<y)} There are common constructive reformulations making use of contrapositions and the valid equivalences ¬ ( ϕ ∧ ψ ) ↔ ( ϕ → ¬ ψ ) {\displaystyle
Pseudo-order
American artist
palette range in his last painting reveals unusual combinations and contrapositions: for example, the sky in his very last work – Three Trees – is a startling
William_Congdon
Pattern of reasoning in propositional logic
arguments follow. When excluded middle holds for A {\displaystyle A} , one contraposition gives ( B → A ) → ( A ∨ ¬ B ) {\displaystyle (B\to A)\to (A\lor \neg
Consequentia_mirabilis
Music genre from Cape Verde
contexts a slower version of funaná (badju di gaita) was developed in contraposition. Curiously, this variant has the same tempo as the Boa Vista morna and
Funaná
Spanish parliamentary vote
1987 motion has come to go down in the recent history of Spain, in contraposition to the 1980 one, as the exemplification of the political risks than
1987 vote of no confidence in the government of Felipe González
1987_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_government_of_Felipe_González
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Feet of Lord Rama
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Gaining success-but the Prophet (S.A.W) has discouraged us from giving such names to our children; according to Sayyidina Jab (R.A) The Prophet (S.A.W) intended to forbid such names as Yala, Barakah,
Girl/Female
Latin French Hebrew
Woman of Sidon (ancient city).
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu
King of Dance
Biblical
or Jonas, a dove; he that oppresses; destroyer
Boy/Male
Indian
One who is Attached to God
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Latin
Bird Name; A Blue Songbird; Jay Bird; A Blue; Crested Bird
Male
Greek
(Αἴθων) Greek myth name of one of the horses of the sun god Helios, ÆTHON means "burning, fiery."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Patient
Girl/Female
Hungarian
Kind. Good.
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
CONTRAPOSITION
n.
A placing over against; opposite position.
n.
A so-called immediate inference which consists in denying the original subject of the contradictory predicate; e.g.: Every S is P; therefore, no Not-P is S.