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Type qualifier denoting the data as being read-only
In some programming languages, const is a type qualifier (a keyword applied to a data type) that indicates that the data is read-only. While this can be
Const_(computer_programming)
Value that is not changed during execution
In computer programming, a constant is a value that is not altered by the program during normal execution. When associated with an identifier, a constant
Constant (computer programming)
Constant_(computer_programming)
Ability of a process to examine and modify itself
In computer science, reflective programming or reflection is the ability of a process to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior
Reflective_programming
General-purpose programming language
Zig is a system programming language designed to be a general-purpose improvement to the C programming language. It is free and open-source software, released
Zig_(programming_language)
Process of deriving classes from, and organizing them into, a hierarchy
targets Role-oriented programming – Programming paradigm based on conceptual understanding of objects Trait (computer programming) – Set of methods that
Inheritance (object-oriented programming)
Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)
Software that executes source code directly
used as early as 1952 to ease programming within the limitations of computers at the time (e.g. a shortage of program storage space, or no native support
Interpreter_(computing)
Type of programming paradigm in computer science
In computer science, imperative programming is a software programming paradigm that provides specific instructions for how computations should take place
Imperative_programming
In programming languages, the object or class the currently running code belongs to
this, self, and Me are keywords used in some computer programming languages to refer to the object, class, or other entity which the currently running
This_(computer_programming)
Text in computer source code that is generally ignored by a compiler/interpreter
In computer programming, a comment is text embedded in source code that a translator (compiler or interpreter) ignores. Generally, a comment is an annotation
Comment (computer programming)
Comment_(computer_programming)
Programming language
2014. "Go Wiki: Iota - The Go Programming Language". go.dev. Retrieved May 15, 2025. Go's iota identifier is used in const declarations to simplify definitions
Go_(programming_language)
Assignment of an initial value for variable
In computer programming, initialization or initialisation is the assignment of an initial value for a data object or variable. The manner in which initialization
Initialization (computer programming)
Initialization_(computer_programming)
Instructions a computer can execute
A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. It is one component of software, which also
Computer_program
General-purpose programming language
programming languages, with C compilers available for practically all modern computer architectures and operating systems. The book The C Programming
C_(programming_language)
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
History of Functional Programming Languages" (PDF). International Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7829
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Programming language environment
Numbers in the Ch Programming Language". Scientific Programming: 76–106. Cheng, Harry (1993). "Scientific Computing in the Ch Programming Language". Scientific
Ch_(computer_programming)
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
In computer programming, the scope of a name binding (an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable) is the part of a program in which the
Scope_(computer_programming)
Function that is tied to a particular instance or class
age; public: bool operator<(const Person& other) const { return age < other.age; } bool operator==(const Person& other) const { return name == other.name
Method_(computer_programming)
Basic programming language construct
In computer programming, an operator is a programming language construct that provides functionality that may not be possible to define as a user-defined
Operator (computer programming)
Operator_(computer_programming)
Special function called to create an object
other programming languages. They are written as such class FooBar { constructor(baz) { this.baz = baz; } } This can be instantiated as such const foo =
Constructor (object-oriented programming)
Constructor_(object-oriented_programming)
simple Emerald program can create an object and move it around the system: const Kilroy ← object Kilroy process const origin ← locate self const up ← origin
Emerald (programming language)
Emerald_(programming_language)
C/C++ specifier referring to constant expression
C and C++ programming languages which, roughly speaking, specifies that something may be evaluated at compile time. Unlike the usual const, which specifies
Constexpr
Changing an expression from one data type to another
punning Mehrotra, Dheeraj (2008). S. Chand's Computer Science. S. Chand. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-8121929844. Programming Languages - Design and Constructs. Laxmi
Type_conversion
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
variables to be among computer science's "most valuable treasures." — Donald Knuth, Structured Programming, with go to Statements In computer science, a pointer
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Software development methodology
circumstances. Defensive programming practices are often used where high availability, safety, or security is needed. Defensive programming is an approach to
Defensive_programming
Style of computer programming
Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of data types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated
Generic_programming
Routine that generates a sequence of values
operator*() const noexcept { return iter; } [[nodiscard]] Iterator& operator++() noexcept { ++iter; return *this; } [[nodiscard]] bool operator!=(const Iterator&
Generator (computer programming)
Generator_(computer_programming)
Expression in computer science which cannot be evaluated further
In computer science and software programming, a value is the representation of some entity that can be manipulated by a program. The members of a type
Value_(computer_science)
Asynchrony and awaiting feature in programming languages
In computer programming, the async/await pattern is a syntactic feature of many programming languages that allows an asynchronous, non-blocking function
Async/await
In computer programming, rank with no further specifications is usually a synonym for (or refers to) "number of dimensions"; thus, a two-dimensional array
Rank_(computer_programming)
Gradually typed dialect of Lua
But Complete Type System" (2024). Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portal Lua (programming language) TypeScript Roblox Studio
Luau_(programming_language)
Techniques to alter a program
In computer programming, hooking is a range of techniques used to alter or augment the behaviour of an operating system, of applications, or of other software
Hooking
Notation for ranges or parent directory
In computer programming, ellipsis notation (.. or ...) is used to denote ranges, an unspecified number of arguments, or a parent directory. Most programming
Ellipsis (computer programming)
Ellipsis_(computer_programming)
Function called at the end of an object's lifetime
In object-oriented programming, a destructor (sometimes abbreviated dtor) is a method which is invoked mechanically just before the memory of the object
Destructor (computer programming)
Destructor_(computer_programming)
Inappropriate short-lived object
In computer programming, a poltergeist (or gypsy wagon) is a short-lived, typically stateless object used to perform initialization or to invoke methods
Poltergeist (computer programming)
Poltergeist_(computer_programming)
Word in a programming language that cannot be used as an identifier
'_' is treated as a letter). In an imperative programming language and in many object-oriented programming languages, apart from assignments and subroutine
Reserved_word
Method in computer programming of forming higher-level object types
Composite type. Computer programming portal Composite type Composition over inheritance Decomposition (computer science) Delegation (programming) Function composition
Object_composition
Programming paradigm based on formal automatons
Automata-based programming is a programming paradigm in which the program or part of it is thought of as a model of a finite-state machine (FSM) or any
Automata-based_programming
General-purpose programming language
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object
Ruby_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language
C++
Generic type features in C++
max() for arguments of type const char*: import std; template <> [[nodiscard]] constexpr const char* max(const char* a, const char* b) noexcept { // Normally
Template_(C++)
Programming language
can functions, allowing for the use of functional programming methods. Object-oriented programming is supported by inheritance and multiple dispatch.
Nim_(programming_language)
Programming language
and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using
Pascal_(programming_language)
Keyword used in some programming languages to tag variables
In computer programming, a variable is said to be volatile if its value can be read or modified asynchronously by something other than the current thread
Volatile (computer programming)
Volatile_(computer_programming)
High-level programming language
supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular
JavaScript
Multi-paradigm system programming language
uncertainty about its stability. Computer programming portal D Language Foundation "D Change Log to Nov 7 2005". D Programming Language 1.0. Digital Mars.
D_(programming_language)
Class member in object-oriented programming
same_as<T, U> T& operator=(const U& i) { value = i; return *this; } // Implicit conversion back to T. operator T const&() const { return value; } }; struct
Property_(programming)
Constructor that copies the state of another object
reference to an object of the same type as is being constructed (const or non-const), which might be followed by parameters of any type (all having default
Copy_constructor_(C++)
Replacing placeholders in a string with values
In computer programming, string interpolation (or variable interpolation, variable substitution, or variable expansion) is the process of evaluating a
String_interpolation
Numeric value with an unclear meaning
In computer programming, a magic number or magic constant is a numeric literal in source code whose meaning is unclear to the reader. The term is also
Magic_number_(programming)
C++ alternative syntax for return types
In computer programming, a subroutine (a.k.a. function) will often inform calling code about the result of its computation, by returning a value to that
Trailing_return_type
Form of automatic memory management
"owns" the reference. In the programming language C++, this technique is readily implemented and demonstrated with the use of const references. Reference counting
Garbage collection (computer science)
Garbage_collection_(computer_science)
Container for a set of identifiers
which assign names to files. Some programming languages organize their variables and subroutines in namespaces. Computer networks and distributed systems
Namespace
General-purpose programming language
general-purpose programming language which emphasizes performance, type safety, concurrency, and memory safety. Rust supports multiple programming paradigms
Rust_(programming_language)
Metadata which defines a property
a programming language does not use the same operations to evaluate a floating point typed number and typed long integers. For example, in computer graphics
Attribute_(programming)
Typographical mark (`) (Freestanding grave accent)
symbol was rarely (if ever) used in computer systems for its original aim and became repurposed in computer programming for many unrelated uses. The sign
Backtick
Computer programming portal Type aliasing is a feature in some programming languages that allows creating a reference to a type using another name. It
Type_aliasing
Named set of data type values
In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, a condition-name in the COBOL programming
Enumerated_type
Software design pattern
(PDF). ECOOP 2013 – Object-Oriented Programming. ECOOP 2013–Object-Oriented Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7920. pp. 577–601. doi:10
Composition_over_inheritance
Approach in computer programming
In computer programming, the interpreter pattern is a design pattern that specifies how to evaluate sentences in a language. The basic idea is to have
Interpreter_pattern
Type of subroutine
Look up thunk in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In computer programming, a thunk is a subroutine used to inject a calculation into another subroutine
Thunk
Feature of some programming languages
In computer programming, operator overloading, sometimes termed operator ad hoc polymorphism, is a specific case of polymorphism, where different operators
Operator_overloading
Opaque data type which stores a memory address
In computer programming, an opaque pointer is a special case of an opaque data type, a data type declared to be a pointer to a record or data structure
Opaque_pointer
Setting or re-setting the value associated with a variable name
In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words
Assignment_(computer_science)
Programming construct
In computer programming, a function object is a construct allowing an object to be invoked or called as if it were an ordinary function, usually with the
Function_object
Large or very powerful object in programming
object is typically considered bad programming practice, this technique is occasionally used for tight programming environments (such as microcontrollers)
God_object
Function that takes one or more functions as an input or that outputs a function
} } With arrow functions: "use strict"; const twice = f => x => f(f(x)); const plusThree = i => i + 3; const g = twice(plusThree); console.log(g(7));
Higher-order_function
types supported by the application in which is used. It is possible to add CONST to the type which implies that the return value is constant and can not
DUP_programming_language
Type information inspection taking place at runtime
In computer programming, run-time type information or run-time type identification (RTTI) is a feature of some programming languages (such as C++, Object
Run-time_type_information
Object whose state cannot be modified after it is created
Cart(const vector<Merchandise>& items): items{items} {} const vector<Merchandise>& items() const { return items; } int computeTotalCost() const { if (
Immutable_object
Computer science method
createStudent(int age, const char* name); void destroyStudent(const Student* s); void setStudentAge(Student* s, int age); int getStudentAge(const Student* s); char*
Mutator_method
Source code written to enable use by others without prior experience
In computer programming, self-documenting (or self-describing) source code and user interfaces follow naming conventions and structured programming conventions
Self-documenting_code
Program function without side effects
In computer programming, a pure function is a function that has the following properties: the function return values are identical for identical arguments
Pure_function
How software progresses through its implementation
construction of an assembly program. The first published explanation of the coroutine appeared later, in 1963. In computer programming, COMEFROM is a control
Control_flow
Approach to software development
Programming by permutation, sometimes called "programming by accident" or "shotgunning", is an approach to software development wherein a programming
Programming_by_permutation
Approach for designing software
contract (DbC), also known as contract programming, programming by contract and design-by-contract programming, is an approach for designing software
Design_by_contract
Programming mechanism
functional programming languages, function composition can be naturally expressed as a higher-order function or operator. In other programming languages
Function composition (computer science)
Function_composition_(computer_science)
Declaration of a function's name and type signature but not body
In computer programming, a function prototype is a declaration of a function that specifies the function's name and type signature (arity, data types of
Function_prototype
Higher-order function Y for which Y f = f (Y f)
combinators const I = S(K)(K); // Identity const B = S(K(S))(K); // Bluebird const C = S(B(B)(S))(K(K)); // Cardinal const W = C(S)(I); // Warbler const T = C(I);
Fixed-point_combinator
Machine instruction that indicates to a computer to do nothing
assembly language mnemonic, programming language statement, or computer protocol command that does nothing. Some computer instruction sets include an
NOP_(code)
Variable defined in a class whose objects all possess the same copy
Computer programming portal In class-based, object-oriented programming, a class variable is a variable defined in a class of which a single copy exists
Class_variable
Data structure that maps one or more adjacent bits
{ // Byte 0 const OPAQUE: u8 = 0b0000_0001; const FILL_COLOR_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_1110; // Byte 1 const SHOW_BORDER: u8 = 0b0000_0001; const BORDER_COLOR_MASK:
Bit_field
Number of nonzero symbols in a string
C language) const uint64_t m1 = 0x5555555555555555; //binary: 0101... const uint64_t m2 = 0x3333333333333333; //binary: 00110011.. const uint64_t m4 =
Hamming_weight
Romanian-American computer programmer
common function prototypes: int parseInt(const string&); // Returns 0 on error and sets errno. or int parseInt(const string&); // Throws invalid_input or
Andrei_Alexandrescu
Programming language
68C C (programming language) C++ Bourne shell Bash (Unix shell) Steelman language requirements Ada (programming language) Python (programming language)
ALGOL_68
Mathematical symbol for "greater than"
sign always "point" to the smaller number. Since the development of computer programming languages, the greater-than sign and the less-than sign have been
Greater-than_sign
Inheritable and overridable function or method for which dynamic dispatch is facilitated
object-oriented programming (OOP). They allow for the execution of target functions that were not precisely identified at compile time. Many programming languages
Virtual_function
Encryption algorithm
JavaScript programming language. function xor_Encrypt(inputString, key) { let encrypted_Hex = ""; for (let i = 0; i < inputString.length; i++) { const plain_string
XOR_cipher
Scripting language created in 1994
providers, such as Zend and others Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portal Comparison of programming languages LAMP (software bundle)
PHP
Type of data structure
Class (computer programming) Class-based programming Object composition Type conversion final (C++) ISO/IEC (2003). ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E): Programming Languages
C++_classes
Unchanging property for all objects of a class
In computer programming, specifically object-oriented programming, a class invariant (or type invariant) is an invariant used for constraining objects
Class_invariant
Computer programming concept
In computer programming, several programming language mechanisms exist for exception handling. The term exception is typically used to denote a data structure
Exception handling (programming)
Exception_handling_(programming)
General-purpose, object-oriented programming language
general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style message passing (messaging) to the C programming language. Originally developed
Objective-C
Behavioral design pattern
get()}, action{action} {} SimpleCommand(const SimpleCommand&) = delete; const SimpleCommand& operator=(const SimpleCommand&) = delete; // implements execute
Command_pattern
Form of type polymorphism
context" are defined by a given type formalism or programming language. The type system of a programming language essentially defines its own subtyping relation
Subtyping
Programming language
Open Programming Language (OPL) is a programming language for embedded systems and mobile devices that run the operating systems EPOC and Symbian. It
Open_Programming_Language
Programming language designed for interoperability with C++
shows how a program might be written in Carbon and C++: Computer programming portal Comparison of programming languages Timeline of programming languages
Carbon_(programming_language)
Memory allocation scheme
= default; constexpr Arena(const Arena&) = delete("Copy construction of Arena disabled"); constexpr Arena& operator=(const Arena&) = delete("Copy assignment
Region-based memory management
Region-based_memory_management
Software design pattern
defined in the pattern's interface. The state pattern is used in computer programming to encapsulate varying behavior for the same object, based on its
State_pattern
GNU internationalization and localization software
writing multilingual programs on Unix-like computer operating systems. One of the main benefits of gettext is that it separates programming from translating
Gettext
Software design pattern
double*; [[nodiscard]] Iterator begin() const noexcept { return elements; } [[nodiscard]] Iterator end() const noexcept { return elements + listSize; }
Iterator_pattern
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONST COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING