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Australian railway operator (1912–1975)
Commonwealth Railways was a railway operator established in 1917 by the Australian Government to administer the Trans-Australia and Port Augusta-to-Darwin
Commonwealth_Railways
Australian diesel electric locomotive
diesel locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Granville for the Commonwealth Railways in several batches between 1970 and 1972. The class was the last
Commonwealth Railways CL class
Commonwealth_Railways_CL_class
Class of diesel locomotives
diesel locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Granville for the Commonwealth Railways in several batches between 1951 and 1967. As of July 2025, some
Commonwealth Railways GM class
Commonwealth_Railways_GM_class
Class of diesel locomotives
The Commonwealth Railways NM class is a class of 4-8-0 locomotives owned by the Commonwealth Railways, Australia. The class operated on 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Commonwealth Railways NM class
Commonwealth_Railways_NM_class
Diesel multiple unit railcar
operated by the Commonwealth Railways and Australian National in Australia from 1951 until 1990. In October 1950, Commonwealth Railways placed an order
Commonwealth Railways CB class railcar
Commonwealth_Railways_CB_class_railcar
Diesel multiple unit
standard-gauge Commonwealth Railways lines in the sparsely populated north of South Australia not served by the South Australian Railways. Invariably referred
Budd_Rail_Diesel_Car
Former Australian manufacturer of railway rolling stock
diesel railcars 6 Tasmanian Government Railways DP class railcars Numerous diesel railcars for Indian Railways 80 W set Sydney suburban carriages 80 U
Commonwealth_Engineering
Class of Australian 4-4-0 locomotives
The Commonwealth Railways D class were a class of 4-4-0 construction and shunting locomotives built in 1880 by Beyer, Peacock and Company originally for
Commonwealth_Railways_D_class
Australian narrow-gauge locomotive class
The Commonwealth Railways NSU class is a class of diesel-electric locomotives built in 1954 and 1955 by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
Commonwealth Railways NSU class
Commonwealth_Railways_NSU_class
Class of former CN H-6-c locomotives
The Commonwealth Railways CN class was a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives purchased by the Commonwealth Railways, Australia, from the Canadian National
Commonwealth Railways CN class
Commonwealth_Railways_CN_class
Australian passenger train between Adelaide and Melbourne
Victorian Railways' Western line was extended to join the South Australian Railways line at Serviceton on the state border. As both railways were 1600 mm
The_Overland
Two small saddle-tank steam locomotives
was donated to the Pichi Richi Railway by the successor to the Commonwealth Railways, the Australian National Railways Commission, whose chairman, Keith
Commonwealth Railways NB class
Commonwealth_Railways_NB_class
American built locomotive used in Australia
The Commonwealth Railways F class was a 2-6-0 tender engine built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1885 for the New South Wales Government Railways as
Commonwealth_Railways_F_Class
Government Railways, Commonwealth Railways and the Western Australian Government Railways for the Indian Pacific and the balance by the Commonwealth Railways for
Commonwealth Railways stainless steel carriage stock
Commonwealth_Railways_stainless_steel_carriage_stock
Passenger train service in Australia
four government railway administrations: the Department of Railways New South Wales, South Australian Railways, Commonwealth Railways and Western Australian
Indian_Pacific
Class III railway in Virginia, USA
Archived from the original on 2020-06-19. Georgia Central Railway Railways portal Commonwealth Railway official webpage - Genesee and Wyoming website Pictures
Commonwealth_Railway
Class of Australian 4-6-0 locomotives
The Commonwealth Railways G class is a class of twenty-six 4-6-0 tender locomotives of the Commonwealth Railways, Australia. The class operated between
Commonwealth_Railways_G_class
Class of Australian 4-6-0 locomotives
Commonwealth Railways C class was a class of 4-6-0 passenger locomotives built in 1938 by Walkers Limited, Maryborough, for the Commonwealth Railways
Commonwealth_Railways_C_class
Railway between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie in Australia
stations. In 1975, Commonwealth Railways was absorbed into an enlarged federal government corporation, Australian National Railways Commission, branded
Trans-Australian_Railway
Class of diesel locomotive
Engineering, Granville for the Commonwealth Railways for use on the Central Australia Railway. In 1969, Commonwealth Railways ordered six single-cab NJ class
Commonwealth Railways NJ class
Commonwealth_Railways_NJ_class
Australian diesel-electric locomotive
Limited, Rhodes for the Commonwealth Railways. They saw service on the Central Australia Railway and North Australia Railway, and on the Port Lincoln
Commonwealth Railways NT class
Commonwealth_Railways_NT_class
Time zone in Australia
use of this time zone dates back to at least 1935. The April 1935 Commonwealth Railways public timetable shows that 'Central Time' was used by that government
UTC+08:45
Tourist train in Australia
Australia Railway, originally built as a 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge railway to Alice Springs under Chief Engineer, Commonwealth Railways, N. G. Bell
The_Ghan
Class of Australian 2-8-2 locomotives
by the Commonwealth Railways, even though it already had diesel locomotives on order, with the other ten going to the South Australian Railways as the
Commonwealth_Railways_L_class
Class of Australian 2-8-0 locomotives
Commonwealth Railways, Australia. In order to operate freight trains on the then under construction Trans-Australian Railway, Commonwealth Railways ordered
Commonwealth_Railways_K_class
Railway museum at Port Adelaide, South Australia
than 100 major exhibits, mainly from the South Australian Railways (SAR) and Commonwealth Railways and their successor, Australian National, are displayed
National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide
National_Railway_Museum,_Port_Adelaide
Australian diesel-hydraulic locomotives (1956–1980s)
The Commonwealth Railways NC class consisted of two diesel-hydraulic locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Granville, New South Wales in 1956. The Lakewood
Commonwealth Railways NC class
Commonwealth_Railways_NC_class
Class of Australian 2-8-0 locomotives
The Commonwealth Railways KA class was a class of 2-8-0 tender locomotives of the Commonwealth Railways, Australia. The class operated on the 1,435 mm
Commonwealth Railways KA class
Commonwealth_Railways_KA_class
1964 to the Commonwealth Railways. It was withdrawn in 1975 and stored at Port Augusta until 1987 when it was sold to the Richmond Vale Railway Museum. Standard
Commonwealth Railways DR class
Commonwealth_Railways_DR_class
Heritage railway in South Australia
restored a fleet of South Australian Railways (SAR), Commonwealth Railways (CR) and Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) steam and diesel locomotives
Pichi_Richi_Railway
4-8-0 locomotive of the former South Australian Railways
Australian Railways T class is a class of seventy-eight 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge 4-8-0 steam locomotives operated by the South Australian Railways. Several
South Australian Railways T class
South_Australian_Railways_T_class
Former Australian narrow-gauge railway line
Richi Railway. The line became known as the Central Australia Railway when the Commonwealth Railways took it over from the South Australian Railways in 1929
Central_Australia_Railway
Australian equipment and locomotive manufacturer
awarded the first of many contracts for diesel locomotives by the Commonwealth Railways after it was appointed the Australian licensee for Electro-Motive
Clyde_Engineering
other railways: the V/Line G and X classes, the New South Wales (formerly State Rail Authority) 421, 422, and 423 classes, and Commonwealth Railways CLF/CLP
List of Australian diesel locomotives
List_of_Australian_diesel_locomotives
Crew car on the end of trains
A similar railroad car, the brake van, was used on British and Commonwealth railways outside North America (the role has since been replaced by the crew
Caboose
Former railway line in Northern Territory, Australia
Australia Railway; it also took over the Central Australia Railway. In 1929, the Commonwealth Railways extended the North Australia Railway southwards
North_Australia_Railway
Australian transport agency 1975–1998
owned Commonwealth Railways and branded itself Australian National Railways. The state governments of South Australia and Tasmania, where the railway systems
Australian National Railways Commission
Australian_National_Railways_Commission
passenger train operated by the Commonwealth Railways initially between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie on the Trans-Australian Railway line, and later extended
Trans-Australian
Railway station in the Northern Territory, Australia
kilometres (2 miles) to the township's north. Citing that reason, the Commonwealth Railways announced a change to that name on 8 July 1930. Replacing a wooden
Alice_Springs_railway_station
Class of Australian 2-6-0 locomotives
Railways W and Wx class is a class of 2-6-0 steam locomotives operated by the South Australian Railways. Some were used by the Commonwealth Railways in
South Australian Railways W class
South_Australian_Railways_W_class
designed by Commonwealth Engineering and built by the Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company in England for the Commonwealth Railways, Australia in
Commonwealth Railways NDH class railcar
Commonwealth_Railways_NDH_class_railcar
Class of former NH G-4a locomotives
The Commonwealth Railways CA class was a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives purchased by the Commonwealth Railways, Australia, from the New York, New Haven
Commonwealth Railways CA class
Commonwealth_Railways_CA_class
One transportation unit carried on another
by the Commonwealth Railways on the Marree railway line in South Australia between Telford Cut and Port Augusta in the mid-1950s. Japan Railways planned
Piggyback_(transportation)
Railway station in Farina, Australia
in 1957, and for a short time, the town was one of the few where the 2 railways crossed over. Livestock continued to be loaded at Farina, though the town
Farina_railway_station
Railway lines across Australia
Territory Acceptance Act 1910, the Commonwealth Railways assumed responsibility for the South Australian Railways' narrow gauge lines in the far north
Adelaide–Darwin_railway_line
United Kingdom railcar terminology
the Railways of South Australia Convention. pp. 1–123, 1–129. "South Australian Railways SMC class / Commonwealth Railways NJAB1". Pichi Richi Railway. Pichi
Railmotor
Topics referred to by the same term
footballer Commonwealth record in athletics Commonwealth record in swimming Caledonian Railway (Scotland) Commonwealth Railways (Australia) Central Railway (India)
CR
after that time. Other significant operators include the Commonwealth Railways, the Midland Railway Company of Western Australia and State Saw Mills. Many
List of Western Australian locomotive classes
List_of_Western_Australian_locomotive_classes
Self-propelled rail vehicle of the South Australian Railways
Railcars 280 to 282 Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages "250, 100, 280 Class Railcars of the South Australian Railways" Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin
South Australian Railways Bluebird railcar
South_Australian_Railways_Bluebird_railcar
One of Port Pirie's six railway stations, in operation from 1967 to 1989
Australian Railways and Commonwealth Railways. A 1971 report stated: "It is expected that in the near future the Australian National Railways Commission
Port Pirie railway station (Mary Elie Street)
Port_Pirie_railway_station_(Mary_Elie_Street)
Passenger cars of the Commonwealth Railways
1975, all were included in the transfer of Commonwealth Railways assets to the Australian National Railways Commission.[citation needed] Subsequently,
Commonwealth Railways carbon steel carriage stock
Commonwealth_Railways_carbon_steel_carriage_stock
Remote locality in Western Australia
charities. Rawlinna was a replenishment stop for freight trains and the Commonwealth Railways passenger train, the Great Western Express, which was inaugurated
Rawlinna,_Western_Australia
Class of passenger railway car in Australia
express passenger carriage used on the railways of Victoria, Australia. Originally introduced by Victorian Railways Chairman of Commissioners Thomas James
Victorian Railways E type carriage
Victorian_Railways_E_type_carriage
Topics referred to by the same term
National Railways Commission, trading as Australian National Railways, a government-owned rail operator from 1975–1998 Canadian National Railway, a Class
National_Railways
Railways in the Australian Capital Territory
by the Commonwealth Railways and later Australian National although services were always operated by the New South Wales Government Railways and its
Railways_in_Canberra
Railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine
Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways. Hamlyn Publishing Group. p. 20. Ellis, Hamilton (1968). The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways. pp. 24–30. Hamlyn Publishing
Steam_locomotive
engines and lower profile noses. This railway closed in 1987. Following the retirement of the Commonwealth Railways units in the early 1980s, 7921 returned
New South Wales 79 class locomotive
New_South_Wales_79_class_locomotive
Diesel-electric switcher locomotive (Built 1940-1956)
and Domnarvet are preserved by a railway society in Falun, Dalarna. 7921 which was sold to the Commonwealth Railways as DE90 is preserved by the NSW Rail
GE_44-ton_switcher
China Railways SN class: China Railways SN No.23, 0-10-0, in the China Railway Museum China Railways SN No.26, 0-10-0, in the Shanghai Railway Museum
List_of_locomotives
Railway line between Port Augusta and Whyalla
Railway Historical Society. p. 57. ISBN 0-909650-49-7. CB class Budd Railcars Chris' Commonwealth Railways Iron Triangle Limited Chris' Commonwealth Railways
Whyalla_railway_line
Railway station in South Australia
passed to Commonwealth ownership on 1 January 1911, but continued to be operated by the South Australian Railways until the Commonwealth Railways took over
Port_Augusta_railway_station
British Rail Class 27 CIE 101 Class CIE 113 Class Commonwealth Railways NSU class Commonwealth Railways NT class Example applications, 8 cylinders British
History of Sulzer diesel engines
History_of_Sulzer_diesel_engines
Former railways agency in South Australia
South Australian Railways (SAR) was the organisation through which the Government of South Australia built and operated railways in South Australia from
South_Australian_Railways
Railway station in South Australia
stretch of straight railway in the world at 478 kilometres (297 mi). Cook was established by the Commonwealth Railways as a railway town in 1917 on the
Cook,_South_Australia
Indian Railways organisation
Railways Sports Promotion Board (RSPB) (originally known as Railways Sports Control Board) is a sports board run by the Indian Railways. It was formed
Railways Sports Promotion Board
Railways_Sports_Promotion_Board
Australian engineer (1915–2011)
and later Commissioner, for the Commonwealth Railways, which operates mostly in remote and desolate areas railways for the federal government. Smith
Keith_Smith_(engineer)
Former Australian railway operator
Southern Railroad, Australian Western Railroad and Australian National Railways were brought together as the Australian Railroad Group. In 2006, Australian
One_Rail_Australia
Class of Australian railcar / diesel multiple unit
diesel-hydraulic railcars designed by the South Australian Railways and built at its Islington Railway Workshops between 1955 and 1971. The railcars, which
South Australian Railways Redhen railcar
South_Australian_Railways_Redhen_railcar
Defunct British railway locomotive and carriage builder
Railways preferred the BRCW approach, but ordered them to be built by Brush Traction, and they became British Rail Class 47. The Commonwealth Railway
Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
Birmingham_Railway_Carriage_and_Wagon_Company
Class of Australian locomotives
the Commonwealth Railways. These had originally been built as South Australian Railways Y class locomotives and sold to the Commonwealth Railways to operate
Tasmanian Government Railways C class
Tasmanian_Government_Railways_C_class
Nickname given to some GM-EMD locomotives
100 kW) A1A-A1A Clyde/EMD ML1 locomotive was introduced on the Commonwealth Railways as the GM class, as well as exported to Pakistan. It was further
Bulldog_nose
Railway station in Canberra, Australia
by the Commonwealth Railways and later Australian National although services were always operated by the New South Wales Government Railways and its
Canberra_railway_station
Australian railway engineer
railway executive and railway engineer. The majority of his working career was with the Western Australian Government Railways, Commonwealth Railways
Ron_Fitch
Class of Australian diesel-electric locomotives
Adelaide to Alice Springs in the early 1980s and the release of some Commonwealth Railways NJ class locomotives, beginning in April 1980, some 830s were transferred
South Australian Railways 830 class
South_Australian_Railways_830_class
Australian manufacturer
(2024). "Glenelg Line passenger carriages - "260" type". Chris's Commonwealth Railways Information. Retrieved 16 December 2024. "Tramcars for Victoria"
A._Pengelley_&_Co
Railway station in South Australia
(2004). The Railway Age in Australia. South Melbourne: Thomas Lothan. p. 69. ISBN 0 734407 15 7. Port Augusta to Marree Chris' Commonwealth Railways Peterborough
Quorn_railway_station
Railway station in Marree, Australia
(2004). The Railway Age in Australia. South Melbourne: Thomas Lothan. p. 64. ISBN 0-734407-15-7. Port Augusta to Marree Chris' Commonwealth Railways The Ghan
Marree_railway_station
Railway coaching stock
railway carriages built by British Railways (BR) from 1951 until 1974, now used only for charter services on the main lines or on preserved railways.
British_Rail_Mark_1
Defunct Australian train and ship manufacturer
building locomotives with 27 Victorian Railways W class diesel hydraulic shunters and 13 Commonwealth Railways NT class diesel locomotives delivered.
Tulloch_Limited
Former railway station in Northern Territory, Australia
1877 Commonwealth Railways NF class steam locomotive, used in construction of the railway, and a former Western Australian Government Railways TA class
Pine_Creek_railway_station
Australian locomotive manufacturer
Victorian DD class 20 Commonwealth Railways KA class 8 Commonwealth Railways C class 40 South Australian T class 3 Tasmanian Government Railways Q class 12 Queensland
Walkers_Limited
generally assumed in the 1850s that railways would be built by the private sector. Private companies built railways in the then colonies of Victoria, opened
History of rail transport in Australia
History_of_rail_transport_in_Australia
Locomotive wheel arrangement
back to narrow gauge in 1949. During the Second World War, the Commonwealth Railways obtained four of these South Australian narrow gauge locomotives
4-8-0
Settlement developed when building a railway
Trans-Australian Railway Railway Gazette 7 January 1921 page 15 Australia's famous Tea & Sugar train Network August 1974 page 4 Commonwealth Railways (Australia)
Railway_town
Four-sided gambrel-style hip roof
Regency. The roof of two Victorian Railways hopper wagons resembled a mansard roof. The Australian Commonwealth Railways CL class locomotive also has a mansard
Mansard_roof
Railway town in Western Australia
038 Loongana is a former railway town on the Nullarbor Plain in Western Australia. It was built by the Commonwealth Railways to accommodate maintenance
Loongana,_Western_Australia
Railway line in Australia
made by the NSW railway department for a route generally following the existing main roads. In 1966, surveyors for the Commonwealth Railways pegged out proposed
Proposed Canberra-Yass railway
Proposed_Canberra-Yass_railway
Index of articles associated with the same name
Ministry of Railways is usually denoted Minister of Railways or Railway Minister. Examples of Ministries of Railways include: Ministry of Railways (Bangladesh)
Ministry_of_Railways
Autonomous agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia
Authority (VPA) is an autonomous agency (political subdivision) of the Commonwealth of Virginia that owns The Port of Virginia, a group of facilities with
Virginia_Port_Authority
by members of the Railways of Australia; the Public Transport Commission, Victorian Railways, Queensland Rail, Commonwealth Railways and Western Australian
RACE_(container)
Town in the Northern Territory, Australia
"Larrimah". Drymalik, C (28 February 2022). "North Australia Railway". Chris's Commonwealth Railways Information (ComRails). Pearce, H (January 2009). "A cultural
Larrimah
the Commonwealth Railways, New South Wales Government Railways, New Zealand Railways Department, Queensland Railways, South Australian Railways, Tasmanian
Railways_of_Australia
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
A 6-cylinder version was used in the Victorian Railways DERM railmotor and the Commonwealth Railways NDH railcars in Australia. The inline 6-71 was adapted
Detroit_Diesel_Series_71
government railway body Australian National, formed by the 1970s merger of Commonwealth Railways with the state-run South Australian Railways and Tasmanian
National_colours_of_Australia
Class of Australian diesel-electric locomotives
The South Australian Railways 930 class was a class of diesel-electric locomotives built for the South Australian Railways between 1955 and 1967 by AE
South Australian Railways 930 class
South_Australian_Railways_930_class
Town in the Northern Territory, Australia
Precinct; Commonwealth Railways steam locomotive NF5, built in 1877, was restored to operational condition in 2001. The North Australia Railway's standard-gauge
Pine Creek, Northern Territory
Pine_Creek,_Northern_Territory
The Tea and Sugar was the nickname for one of two dedicated Commonwealth Railways trains that were the sole source of provisions for the isolated settlements
Tea_and_Sugar_Train
Pakistan Railways under the Colombo Plan. They were derived from Commonwealth Railways GM class. All were withdrawn in 1984/85. Contracts & Tenders Railway Gazette
Pakistan_CLP_class_locomotive
Rail network in South Australia
Australia's railways were split between Commonwealth and State Government ownership. A new Commonwealth Government organisation, Australian National Railways Commission
Railways_in_Adelaide
Former railway station in Northern Territory, Australia
transferred to the Commonwealth Government, South Australian Railways control of the line and stations were assumed by Commonwealth Railways. From 1918, an
Adelaide River railway station
Adelaide_River_railway_station
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from various places, for example Penn in Buckinghamshire and Staffordshire, named with the Celtic element pen ‘hill’, which was apparently adopted in Old English.English : metonymic occupational name for an impounder of stray animals, from Middle English, Old English penn ‘(sheep) pen’.English : pet form of Parnell.German : from Sorbian pien ‘tree stump’, probably a nickname for a short stocky person.Americanized form of a like-sounding Jewish surname.The Commonwealth of PA was founded in 1681 by an English Quaker, William Penn (1644–1718), who was born in London into a family of Gloucestershire origin. His grandfather was a merchant and sea captain, and his father was an admiral on the Parliamentary side during the Civil War, who later served King Charles II after the Restoration. Because of his father’s services to the crown, Penn the younger received a grant of a vast tract of land in North America, formerly part of New Netherland, which later became the state of PA.
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of London. This is a predominantly southern name in the U.S., found mainly in NC, SC, GA, and TX.
Girl/Female
Indian
Pure gold
Boy/Male
Biblical
He that anoints.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, German
Little Bird; Unusual Nature; Bright
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
The Priest's Village; Priest's Town; Priest's Settlement
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Water Born
Girl/Female
Irish
“beautiful, radiant, joyful.†Known as the greatest woman warrior in the world, Aoife was the mother of Cuchulainn’s (read the legend) only son, Connlach. Aoife Dearg (“Red Aoifeâ€) was a daughter of a king of Connacht who had her marriage arranged by St. Patrick himself. In 2003 Aoife was the third most popular Irish girls name for babies in Ireland.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Praised One
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kreema | கà¯à®°à®¿à®®à®¾à®‚
Male
Chinese
patriotic.
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
COMMONWEALTH RAILWAYS
n.
The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage.
n.
An iron block used on railways to support the rails and secure them to the sleepers.
n.
In the United States, one of the commonwealth, or bodies politic, the people of which make up the body of the nation, and which, under the national constitution, stands in certain specified relations with the national government, and are invested, as commonwealth, with full power in their several spheres over all matters not expressly inhibited.
n.
Specifically, the form of government established on the death of Charles I., in 1649, which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard, ending with the abdication of the latter in 1659.
n.
The front compartment of a French diligence; also, the front compartment (usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on British railways.
n.
An implement operating like a plow, but on a larger scale, for clearing away the snow from roads, railways, etc.
v. t.
A beam or rod for holding two parts together; in railways, one of the transverse timbers which support the track and keep it in place.
n.
The whole body of people in a state; the public.
n.
Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a body politic; the public, or people in general.
n.
Commonwealth.
a.
A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2.
n.
The state thus governed, as the Hebrew commonwealth before it became a kingdom.
n.
a general assembly of the people to consider and order matters of the commonwealth; also, a local court.
n.
A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws.
n.
The territory over which dominion or authority is exerted; the possessions of a sovereign or commonwealth, or the like. Also used figuratively.