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Hypothesis for alleles
The common disease-common variant (often abbreviated CD-CV) hypothesis predicts that common disease-causing alleles, or variants, will be found in all
Common_disease-common_variant
Degenerative brain disease caused by prions
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), formerly known as new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (nvCJD) and referred to colloquially as "Creutzfeldt–Jakob
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Variant_Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Common viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
The common cold, or simply a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose
Common_cold
Dementia involving the frontal or temporal lobes
was previously known as Pick's disease, and is the most common of the FTD types. Behavior can change in behavioral variant FTD in either of two ways—it
Frontotemporal_dementia
Degenerative neurological disorder
transmission of disease, and a variant form of CJD was caused by exposure to meat from cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease"). There
Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Medical condition
the disease has gone undetected because of misdiagnoses.[citation needed] Biallelic pathogenic variants in the HEXB gene cause Sandhoff disease. The
Sandhoff_disease
Common human disease caused by a group of viruses
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses. It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell
Hand,_foot,_and_mouth_disease
Medicine focused on hereditary disorders
diseases, such as many common cancers, appear not to be well described by the common disease/common variant model. Another possibility is that common
Medical_genetics
Species of amphibian
Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. A closely related variant lives in eastern Asia including Japan. The common toad is found at altitudes of up to 2,500 metres
Common_toad
Fatal childhood genetic condition
Nevertheless, Batten disease can be diagnosed if properly detected. Vision impairment is the most common observable symptom of the disease. Partial or complete
Batten_disease
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
uncommon in most prion diseases, but is more frequently observed in certain diseases, such as kuru and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). In rare cases
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Thrush native to Europe, western Asia and North Africa
ouzel, ousel or wosel (from Old English osle, cf. German Amsel). Another variant occurs in Act 3 of William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, where
Common_blackbird
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
have shown that Crohn's disease is genetically linked to coeliac disease. Crohn's has been linked to the gene LRRK2 with one variant potentially increasing
Crohn's_disease
Rare neurodegenerative disease caused by prions
neurodegenerative disorder that was formerly common among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea. It was a prion disease that caused tremors and loss of coordination
Kuru_(disease)
Canid indigenous to East Asia
common raccoon dog pelts are used almost exclusively for fur trimmings. Japanese raccoon dog pelts, though smaller than other geographic variants, are
Common_raccoon_dog
Species of bird
is no longer encountered in its original form. Common British phenotypes include a cream-coloured variant termed the "Bohemian" pheasant and a melanistic
Common_pheasant
Autoimmune disease
Sjögren's disease (SjD), previously known as Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren's syndrome (SjS, SS), is a long-term autoimmune disease that primarily affects
Sjögren's_disease
Autoimmune disorder
Coeliac disease (Commonwealth English) or celiac disease (American English) is a chronic autoimmune disease, mainly affecting the small intestine. It
Coeliac_disease
Study of genetic variants in different individuals
allele) is more frequent in people with the disease, the variant is said to be associated with the disease. The associated SNPs are then considered to
Genome-wide_association_study
Species of fish
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio), also known as European carp, Eurasian carp, or simply carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes
Common_carp
Species of plant in the purslane family
Compared to other common crops, P. oleracea is more tolerant of pests due to its waxy cover, which protects the plant from insects and diseases. In some instances
Portulaca_oleracea
Rare neurodegenerative disease
normally control voluntary muscle contraction. ALS is the most common of the motor neuron diseases. ALS often presents with gradual muscle stiffness, twitches
ALS
Medical condition
the methyl cycle. Common variants of MTHFR deficiency are asymptomatic and have only minor effects on disease risk. Severe variants (from nonsense mutations)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency
Methylenetetrahydrofolate_reductase_deficiency
have been suspected of acting independently or along with common variants to cause disease states. Some methods, such as genetic burden tests, have been
Rare_variant_(genetics)
Cardiac chest pain at any time, not just periods of exertion
with variant angina are generally younger and have fewer risk factors for coronary artery disease with the exception of smoking, which is a common and
Variant_angina
Autoimmune endocrine disease
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, Basedow's disease or Flajani-Graves-Basedow disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid
Graves'_disease
Red rash due to infection with parvovirus B19
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19
Fifth_disease
Abnormal change in size of the lymph nodes
adenopathy is a disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency. Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type (the most common type) is
Lymphadenopathy
Central nervous system disease
Neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple
Neurodegenerative_disease
Genetic form of macular degeneration
Stargardt disease is the most common inherited single-gene retinal disease. In terms of the first description of the disease, it follows an autosomal recessive
Stargardt_disease
Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2
system for significant COVID variants, although this idea failed to gain traction. Beginning in Fall 2022, infectious disease scientist T. Ryan Gregory decided
BA.2.86
Fatal neurodegenerative disease of cattle
Spread to humans is believed to result in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). As of 2024[update], a total of 233
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy
Highly venomous snake native to Australia
The eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis), often referred to as the common brown snake, is a species of extremely venomous snake in the family Elapidae
Eastern_brown_snake
Neuromuscular disease
Games. US actress Isabelle Tate was reported to have died of a rare variant of the disease in 2025. Irish Paralympic cyclist Eoghan Clifford. US filmmaker
Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease
Human neurodegenerative disease
common to GSS, such as progressive ataxia, pyramidal signs, and dementia; they worsen as the disease progresses. Much like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker_syndrome
Neurodegenerative disorder
blindness, or seizures may also occur. There exists a much less common variant of Canavan disease which is generally much less serious and involves later onset
Canavan_disease
Excessive fat buildup in the liver with other metabolic disease
independent complications such as cardiovascular disease. These complications are much more common with MASH. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strong
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Metabolic_dysfunction–associated_steatotic_liver_disease
Repeated occurrence of excessive sweating during sleep
Night sweats range from being relatively harmless to a sign of underlying disease. Night sweats may happen because the sleep environment is too warm, either
Night_sweats
variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing, fever
Symptoms_of_COVID-19
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is usually inherited. It typically presents as
Huntington's_disease
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for around 60–70% of cases. The most common early
Alzheimer's_disease
hepatitis is a sometimes fatal infectious disease of the liver. Canine herpesvirus is an infectious disease that is a common cause of death in puppies less than
List_of_dog_diseases
Autosomal recessive conditions that affect ethnic Jews more frequently
studied to identify and prevent some rare genetic diseases that, while still rare, are more common than average among people of Jewish descent. There
Medical_genetics_of_Jews
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Starting in January 2020, the disease spread worldwide
COVID-19
Abnormal formation of clumps of inflammatory cells (granulomata)
Sarcoidosis, also known as Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease, is a non-infectious granulomatous disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells
Sarcoidosis
Group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders that affect Finns much more frequently
A Finnish heritage disease is any genetic disease or disorder that is significantly more common in people whose ancestors were ethnic Finns, natives of
Finnish_heritage_disease
Metabolic disease involving abnormal deposited amyloid proteins
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. There are several non-specific and vague signs
Amyloidosis
Species of tree
unlikely to introduce diseases that could decimate pawpaw. As for native disease, the pawpaw fares very well. There are no known disease agents (including
Asimina_triloba
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a neurodegenerative disease primarily of the central nervous system, affecting both motor and non-motor
Parkinson's_disease
Plant disease of bananas
common means by which this pathogen is disseminated. It can also be spread in soil and running water, on farm implements or machinery. Panama disease
Panama_disease
Medical condition of benign mouth ulcers forming periodically
with other autoimmune diseases, namely systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's disease and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, common autoantibodies are
Aphthous_stomatitis
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
differences in susceptibility to a wide range of diseases across a population. For example, a common SNP in the CFH gene is associated with increased
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
Cognitive disorder
most common form of early-onset dementia is Alzheimer's disease, followed by frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia, with Alzheimer's disease accounting
Early-onset_dementia
Medium-sized mammal native to North America
/ræˈkuːn/ , Procyon lotor), sometimes called the North American, northern or common raccoon (also spelled racoon) to distinguish it from other species of raccoon
Raccoon
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60% of all cases, and is the sixth leading cause of death in the elderly. The disease typically
Alzheimer's disease in the Hispanic/Latino population
Alzheimer's_disease_in_the_Hispanic/Latino_population
Medical condition
century, the May–Thurner syndrome definition has been expanded to a broader disease profile known as nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL) which can involve
May–Thurner_syndrome
Icelandic neurologist (born 1949)
diversity is generated and on the discovery of sequence variants impacting susceptibility to common diseases. This population approach has served as a model for
Kári_Stefánsson
Hemoglobin variant
a variant of hemoglobin in which a mutation in the alpha globin gene produces an alpha globin chain that is abnormally long. It is the most common nondeletional
Hemoglobin_Constant_Spring
many of the newly found risk variants screened through GWAS that have been associated with around 25% of the disease heritability are mainly from studies
Parkinson's disease in South Asians
Parkinson's_disease_in_South_Asians
Rare, severe disease of lysosomal storage
disease is an inherited fatal lysosomal storage disease that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The most common form
Tay–Sachs_disease
Bioinformatics software
common diseases and larger structural variant annotations. These problems are present in all current variant annotation tools. Most common diseases such
ANNOVAR
Hematological malignancy
patients with the variant form of HCL. In the 1980s, HTLV-2 was identified in a patient with a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease; this patient later
Hairy_cell_leukemia
Health based on racial identity
resistance to diseases earlier common in Europe.[citation needed] In earlier research, a common theory was the "common disease-common variant" model. It
Race_and_health
Group of genetic connective tissues disorders
conditions. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and celiac disease are more common in EDS patients when compared to
Ehlers–Danlos_syndrome
Medical condition of the brain
Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. It is the second most common tauopathy behind Alzheimer's disease. The cause of
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive_supranuclear_palsy
Factors causing Parkinson's disease
developing the disease, tend to be rare but are often associated with familial PD (e.g. rare SNCA variants). A second group of variants (including GBA
Causes_of_Parkinson's_disease
an emerging variant by the US Centers for Disease Control. Sequenced by the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Nigeria
Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2
Cancer of plasma cells
infections are common with multiple myeloma since the disease impairs the functioning of blood components that normally resist pathogens. The most common infections
Multiple_myeloma
Type of blood and immune-system cancer
with the disease between the ages of 20 and 34. People with Hodgkin lymphoma may present with these symptoms: Lymphadenopathy: The most common symptom
Hodgkin_lymphoma
Medical condition
adult-onset, genetically heterogenous disease An individual with MSP typically develops one or more of these more common diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Multisystem_proteinopathy
Disease characterized by constriction of brain arteries
the disease has a multifactorial pathogenesis. The authors explain the occurrence of the moyamoya phenomenon in the idiopathic and syndromic variants. In
Moyamoya_disease
Genetic multisystem copper-transport disease
"WilsonGen a comprehensive clinically annotated genomic variant resource for Wilson's Disease". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 9037. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10
Wilson's_disease
Species of reptile
subspecies have been identified, but later classified as merely regional variants of the same species. Using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-sequence data
Green_iguana
Occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust. It is characterized by lung inflammation and
Silicosis
Set of methods in genetics
On the other hand, in GWAS, genetic variants across the genome are tested for association with traits or diseases, often organism-level phenotypes. In
Fine-mapping
Natural, unexpected death from cardiac arrest of athletes
cardiovascular disease with no symptoms noted before the fatal event. The prevalence of any single, associated condition is low, with the most common affecting
Sudden cardiac death of athletes
Sudden_cardiac_death_of_athletes
Neurodegenerative disease caused by head injury
frequently observed in this later-life variant or in the advanced stages of the disease. Symptoms of both variants can "wax and wane," often resulting in
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
Chronic disease caused by bacterial infection
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Infection
Leprosy
Medical condition
inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit. It is the most common painful orbital
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease
Idiopathic_orbital_inflammatory_disease
Species of fungus
tinea infections in humans, and the most common or one of the most common fungi that cause zoonotic skin disease. Trichophyton mentagrophytes is frequently
Trichophyton_mentagrophytes
Human chronic inflammatory disease
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. It is not an actual
Lichen_planus
Lung disease involving long-term poor airflow
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that makes it progressively harder to breathe. It occurs when the airways and
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
Medical condition
tissues. Diagnosis may be delayed further as the disease may be misdiagnosed or confused for other more common conditions that cause heart enlargement (such
Cardiac_amyloidosis
Medical condition
Pyle disease. Affected individuals may have widened collar bones (clavicles), ribs, or bones in the fingers and hands. Dental problems are common in Pyle
Metaphyseal_dysplasia
Autoimmune disease
genetic characteristics of that population. The Miller Fisher variant is thought to be more common in Southeast Asia. Jean-Baptiste Octave Landry first described
Guillain–Barré_syndrome
Cancer of the bile ducts
described. In the Western world, the most common of these is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts which is closely
Cholangiocarcinoma
Nomenclature of COVID-19
variants, for example, referring to the Delta variant as such rather than the "South African variant". On 11 February 2020, the WHO named the disease
COVID-19_naming
Prion disease affecting the deer family
proteins called prions and include similar diseases such as mad cow disease in cattle, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans, and scrapie in sheep. In the
Chronic_wasting_disease
Type of coronavirus detected in 2021
became the dominant variant globally over the summer of 2025. Three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine provide protection against severe disease and hospitalization
SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant
Visual impairment
Occipital epilepsy Occipital stroke "Heidenhain variants" of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, a fatal prion disease, possibly due to its effects on the occipital
Visual_snow_syndrome
Inflammatory disorder
normal population. However, B51 tends not to be found in disease when a certain SUMO4 gene variant is involved, and symptoms appear to be milder when HLA-B27
Behçet's_disease
Type of arthritis of the spine
associated with AS, but do not correlate with disease severity. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A/G variant rs10440635 is close to the PTGER4 gene on
Ankylosing_spondylitis
Type of progressive dementia
Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson's disease dementia. The APOE gene has three common variants. One, APOE ε4, is a risk factor for
Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies
Mad cow disease outbreak in the 1980s and 90s
encephalopathy (BSE, also known as "mad cow disease"), and its human equivalent variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), in the 1980s and 1990s. Over four
United_Kingdom_BSE_outbreak
variants to the observed phenotypes and to classify disorders. Clinicians are starting to recognize the need to classify genomic diseases by a common
Genotype-first_approach
Medical condition
a hemoglobin variant. It originates from a point mutation in the human β-globin locus and is one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. It
Hemoglobin_D-Punjab
Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2
Omicron variant is night sweats, particularly with the BA.5 subvariant. A study performed between 1 and 7 December 2021 by the Centers for Disease Control
BA.3.2
Kidney disease
The collapsing variant is associated with higher rate of progression to end-stage renal disease, whereas the glomerular tip lesion variant has a low rate
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal_segmental_glomerulosclerosis
Medical condition
known as gangliosides. The diseases are better known by their individual names: Tay–Sachs disease, AB variant, and Sandhoff disease. Beta-hexosaminidase is
GM2_gangliosidoses
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
urine disease can be classified by its pattern of signs and symptoms or by its genetic cause. The most common and severe form of this disease is the
Maple_syrup_urine_disease
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COMMON DISEASE-COMMON-VARIANT
COMMON DISEASE-COMMON-VARIANT
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COMMON DISEASE-COMMON-VARIANT