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Two or more species influencing each other's evolution
In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term
Coevolution
Clade of insects
and make them the most efficient pollinating insects. In a process of coevolution, flowers developed floral rewards such as nectar and longer tubes, and
Bee
CoEvolution Quarterly (1974–1985) was a journal originally edited by Stewart Brand. Brand established the CoEvolution Quarterly using proceeds from the
CoEvolution_Quarterly
female reproductive tracts may also play a role in sexual antagonistic coevolution with males. In Drosophila species, a large group of enzymes known as
Sexual antagonistic coevolution
Sexual_antagonistic_coevolution
Cooperative Coevolution (CC) in the field of biological evolution is an evolutionary computation method. It divides a large problem into subcomponents
Cooperative_coevolution
Mosaic coevolution is a theory in which geographic location and community ecology shape differing coevolution between strongly interacting species in multiple
Mosaic_coevolution
Biological interaction
have been characterized as an evolutionary arms race, an example of the coevolution of two species. In a gene centered view of evolution, the genes of predator
Predation
Theory of human behavior
Dual inheritance theory (DIT), also known as gene–culture coevolution or biocultural evolution, developed in the 1960s through early 1980s to explain
Dual_inheritance_theory
103H. doi:10.1038/ncomms1105. PMID 21045821. Brundrett, M. C. (2002). "Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants". New Phytologist. 154 (2): 275–304
Evolutionary history of plants
Evolutionary_history_of_plants
figs, and tied wild fig fruits on to the cultivated trees. Overall, the coevolution of Ficus and wasps features Ficus being very specific as a host, combined
Reproductive coevolution in Ficus
Reproductive_coevolution_in_Ficus
Mutually adaptive genetic change of a host and a parasite
Host–parasite coevolution is a special case of coevolution, where a host and a parasite continually adapt to each other. This can create an evolutionary
Host–parasite_coevolution
American nonprofit organization
important pollinating species. The Pollinator Partnership was founded as the Coevolution Institute (CoE) in 1997. The early mission of the organization was to
Pollinator_Partnership
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
because it is one of the main features derived through flower-plant coevolution. Irregular flowers often coevolve with specific pollinators, while radially
Flower
Escape and radiate coevolution is a hypothesis proposing that a coevolutionary 'arms-race' between primary producers and their consumers contributes to
Escape and radiate coevolution
Escape_and_radiate_coevolution
Term in evolutionary biology
Sexual conflict or sexual antagonism occurs when the two sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning reproduction, particularly over the
Sexual_conflict
Smallest species of bird
with the flowers that supply nectar is a notable example of bird–plant coevolution with its primary food source (flowers for nectar). Flowers that bee hummingbirds
Bee_hummingbird
Microbial community assemblage and activity
gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host physiology, and coevolution between host and microbial lineages has played a key role in the adaptation
Microbiome
Form of pollination by insects
some species also pollen baskets on their hind legs. This required the coevolution of insects and flowering plants in the development of pollination behaviour
Entomophily
American project developer (born 1938)
social sciences, and on the contemporary scene in general, Brand founded CoEvolution Quarterly in 1974, aimed primarily at educated laypeople. Brand never
Stewart_Brand
Phenomenon that affects the leaves during autumn
reabsorb nutrients (especially nitrogen) more efficiently. According to the coevolution theory, the colors are warning signals to insects like aphids that use
Autumn_leaf_color
Algorithm in AI
strength over other optimisation algorithms, specifically cooperative coevolution, is that it is better able to handle non-separable optimisation problems
Constructive cooperative coevolution
Constructive_cooperative_coevolution
Genus of flowering plants
Diascia is a genus of around 70 species of herbaceous annual and perennial flowering plants of the family Scrophulariaceae, native to southern Africa,
Diascia_(plant)
Group of mostly pollinating insects whose larvae live in figs
Emmanuelle; Rasplus, Jean-Yves; Kjellberg, Finn (2003). "Convergence and Coevolution in a Mutualism: Evidence From a Molecular Phylogeny of Ficus". Evolution
Fig_wasp
Hypothesis in biology
and/or the killing of nestlings) by the brood parasite, in an example of coevolution. Amotz Zahavi proposed it in 1979, and it was tested by Manuel Soler
Mafia_hypothesis
Family of true bugs
Insect-plant interactions have been important in defining models of coevolution and cospeciation, referring to whether plant speciation drives insect
Psyllid
Similar evolution in distinct species
Carlos (July 2021). "Sucrose digestion capacity in birds shows convergent coevolution with nectar composition across continents". iScience. 24 (7) 102717.
Parallel_evolution
Proposed mechanism of evolution
multilevel selection theory regarding humans to another theory, gene–culture coevolution, by acknowledging that culture seems to characterize a group-level mechanism
Group_selection
Biological process occurring in plants
the origin or diversification of angiosperms. In addition, cases of coevolution between bee species and flowering plants have been illustrated by specialized
Pollination
Change in the heritable traits of populations
a means to enable continual evolution and adaptation in response to coevolution with other species in an ever-changing environment. Another hypothesis
Evolution
Breeding for desired characteristics
beauty, cannabis for intoxication, and potatoes for control. In a form of coevolution humans have influenced these plants as much as the plants have influenced
Selective_breeding
British-American psychological anthropologist (1904–1980)
The CoEvolution Quarterly. No. 4. p. 28. Bateson, G. (1974). "Review of Acting: The First Six Lessons, by Richard Boleslavsky". The CoEvolution Quarterly
Gregory_Bateson
Concept in Evolution
interactions in evolution leading to character displacements and antagonistic coevolution. Arms races may be classified as either symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Evolutionary_arms_race
Toxin secreted by an animal
means. Venom is used as a trophic weapon by many predator species. The coevolution between predators and prey is the driving force of venom resistance,
Venom
Clade of seed plants that produce flowers
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (/ˌændʒiəˈspɜːrmiː/). The term angiosperm is derived from the
Flowering_plant
Family of birds
Heliconia, estimated to have occurred over 16 to 23 million years ago. This coevolution implies that morphological traits of hummingbirds, such as bill length
Hummingbird
Sexual coercion among non-human animals
coercion has been observed to have consequences, such as intersexual coevolution, speciation, and sexual dimorphism. Harassment is a technique used by
Sexual_coercion_among_animals
Study of the evolution of life
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolutionary_biology
Retention of sperm by female after mating
previously stored sperm to better chances of successful mating. Antagonistic coevolution is the relationship between males and females where sexual morphology
Female_sperm_storage
Species of spider
leads both the predator and prey to come together at the same flowers. Coevolution of bees with the Australian crab spider has resulted in the spiders being
Thomisus_spectabilis
American economist (1940–2023)
especially altruism, cooperation, epistemic game theory, gene-culture coevolution, efficiency wages, strong reciprocity, and human capital theory. Throughout
Herbert_Gintis
Genus of flowering plants in the passion flower family
exhibit high levels of pollinator specificity, which has led to frequent coevolution across the genus. The sword-billed hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera) is
Passiflora
Science of classifying organisms
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Taxonomy_(biology)
American evolutionary biologist (born 1951)
Cruz. Thompson is known for his research on coevolution. He proposed the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution. Thompson was born in Pittsburgh on November
John_N._Thompson
Average solution cost is the same with any method
evolutionary computation and game theory. The results are inapplicable to coevolution of biological species, which does not yield champions. Inductive bias
No free lunch in search and optimization
No_free_lunch_in_search_and_optimization
Kingdom of life
between predator and prey, resulting in various antagonistic/competitive coevolutions. Almost all multicellular predators are animals. Some consumers use multiple
Animal
Canadian astrophysicist (1959–2026)
ISBN 978-0-7354-0343-7. Retrieved 25 March 2026. Ho, Luis C. (9 September 2004). Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies: Volume 1, Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics
Carl_Grillmair
Effect that organisms have on other organisms
through geological time; in the case of insects and flowering plants, the coevolution has continued for over 100 million years. Insect-pollinated flowers are
Biological_interaction
Non-technical overview of the subject of biological evolution
of years, could produce the differences seen in living things today. Coevolution is a process in which two or more species influence the evolution of
Introduction_to_evolution
Family of flowering plants
iulia (among other heliconian butterflies) have demonstrated evidence of coevolution, in which the plants attempted to stop their destruction from larval
Passifloraceae
geneticist, known for his research on host–pathogen interaction and coevolution, mainly using the model system Daphnia and its parasites. Ebert obtained
Dieter_Ebert
English naturalist and biologist (1809–1882)
compelling evidence in On the Origin of Species (1859). He explored coevolution in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862) and human evolution and sexual selection
Charles_Darwin
Framework
MCACEA (Multiple Coordinated Agents Coevolution Evolutionary Algorithm) is a general framework that uses a single evolutionary algorithm (EA) per agent
MCACEA
Plan for the construction of an object or system
perspective." The alternative view has been called "reflection-in-action," "coevolution" and "the action-centric perspective." The rational model was independently
Design
Study of how insects interact with their environments
doi:10.1002/ps.2091. ISSN 1526-4998. PMID 21254327. "Coevolution". obo. Retrieved 2022-12-05. "Coevolution | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica". www
Insect_ecology
Species of amphibian known for strong toxicity
ISBN 978-0-309-26175-3. Williams, Becky L.; Brodie, Edmund D. III (2003). "Coevolution deadly toxins and predator resistance: self-assessment of resistance
Rough-skinned_newt
Parts of plant enabling sexual reproduction
work to build his theory of evolution, which includes analysis of the coevolution of flowers and their insect pollinators. Plants have complex lifecycles
Plant_reproductive_morphology
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
represents the original form of life. This theory is called RNA-peptide coevolution, or the Peptide-RNA world, and offers a possible explanation for the
RNA_world
Form of coevolution
Cospeciation is a form of coevolution in which the speciation of one species dictates speciation of another species and is most commonly studied in host-parasite
Cospeciation
2002 novel by Michael Crichton
agent-based computing. Fields such as population dynamics and host-parasite coevolution are also at the heart of the novel. Film rights to the book were purchased
Prey_(novel)
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively plant material
drives coevolution between plants and herbivores, resulting in a "coevolutionary arms race". The escape and radiation mechanisms for coevolution, presents
Herbivore
Relationship between language and human evolution
linguistic creativity that had previously lain dormant. "Ritual/speech coevolution theory" exemplifies this approach. Scholars in this intellectual camp
Origin_of_language
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
modernity – Transition of human species to anthropologically modern behavior Coevolution – Two or more species influencing each other's evolution Concerted evolution
Outline_of_evolution
microbes, and viruses establishing symbiotic relationships and undergoing coevolution together. Richard Jefferson introduced the term 'hologenome' to describe
Hologenomics
Family of moths
plant, cheating the yucca out of any benefits from this relationship. Coevolution is particularly important in evolutionary biology as it demonstrates
Prodoxidae
Application of game theory to evolving populations in biology
Competitive Coevolution – The rough-skinned newt (Tarricha granulosa) is highly toxic, due to an evolutionary arms race with a predator, the common garter
Evolutionary_game_theory
Species of snake
sirtalis, patches occur that correspond to strong coevolution, as well as weak or absent coevolution. Populations of T. sirtalis that do not live in areas
Common_garter_snake
Concept in evolutionary biology
necessitating changes to the phenotype. In multi-host and multi-parasite coevolution, the Red Queen dynamics could affect what host and parasite types will
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Eleanor M.; Stevens, Martin; Spottiswoode, Claire N. (2017-05-17). "Does coevolution with a shared parasite drive hosts to partition their defences among
List of brood parasitic passerines
List_of_brood_parasitic_passerines
evolutionary consequence of exploitative interactions is antagonistic coevolution. This can occur because of resistance, where the victim attempts to decrease
Exploitative_interactions
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.; Minch, E.; Mountain, J. L. (15 June 1992). "Coevolution of genes and languages revisited". Proceedings of the National Academy
Language_family
Type of sexual conflict
in one species will drive antagonistic coevolution in an opposing species and can be used to explain coevolution in cases of predatory behaviour, host-parasite
Interlocus_sexual_conflict
performance optimization difficult. The Fly Algorithm is a type of cooperative coevolution based on the Parisian approach. The Fly Algorithm has first been developed
Fly_algorithm
monitored through time to quantify biocultural evolution (a form of coevolution). This methodology can be used to study the role that biocultural diversity
Biocultural_diversity
Type of interaction between species
increased virulence. There are thus varied possibilities in host–parasite coevolution. Evolutionary epidemiology analyses how parasites spread and evolve,
Parasitism
Beneficial symbiosis between species
Parasitism Behavior-altering parasite Brood parasitism Host–parasite coevolution Hyperparasite Kleptoparasitism Parasitic castration Parasitoid Predation
Commensalism
Attributes of living species that arose due to coevolution with other now-extinct species
explained as having been favorably selected in the past due to their coevolution with plant-eating megafauna that are now extinct. The concept was formulated
Evolutionary_anachronism
Species of orchid
predators to hawk moths. Whether or not the pollinator shift model or the coevolution model, or even a little bit of both are correct is currently the subject
Angraecum_sesquipedale
Expected reproductive success
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Fitness_(biology)
Biologist
PMC 2710163. PMID 19416939. Slatkin, Montgomery; Futuyma, Douglas J. (1983). Coevolution. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-228-3. Slatkin, Montgomery;
Montgomery_Slatkin
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Crown_group
Species having two or more distinct forms
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Polymorphism_(biology)
Hypothesis in evolutionary biology
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Court_jester_hypothesis
Subfamily of wasps
Microgastrinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps, encompassing almost 3,000 described species, with an estimated 30,000–50,000 total species. This makes
Microgastrinae
Genus of Cretaceous cephalopods
large squid". In Boucot, A. J. (ed.). Evolutionary Paleobiology and Coevolution. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 195–196. Image of fossil Cimolichthys with
Tusoteuthis
Field of study in biology
The origin and function of meiosis are currently not well understood scientifically, and would provide fundamental insight into the evolution of sexual
Origin and function of meiosis
Origin_and_function_of_meiosis
Unicellular algae responsible for the formation of chalk
Coccolithophores, or coccolithophorids, are single-celled organisms which are part of the phytoplankton, the autotrophic (self-feeding) component of the
Coccolithophore
Animal reliance on other individuals to raise its young
ISBN 978-0-19-854892-8. Rothstein, Stephen I. (1990). "A Model System for Coevolution: Avian Brood Parasitism". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 21:
Brood_parasitism
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
PMID 29649296. Fraile A, García-Arenal F (2010). "The Coevolution of Plants and Viruses". The coevolution of plants and viruses: resistance and pathogenicity
Viral_evolution
Genus of flowering plants
Breynia are of special note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because they have a specialized mutualism with moths in the genus Epicephala
Breynia
Theory in evolutionary biology
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Phyletic_gradualism
Phyletic symbiosis in microbiome research
implications. One crucial aspect is the distinction between phylosymbiosis and coevolution - while phylosymbiosis describes a pattern of association between host
Phylosymbiosis
Process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Adaptive_radiation
1979 comic by Robert Crumb
a 1979 comic by American cartoonist Robert Crumb, first published by CoEvolution Quarterly and later reprinted that same year in Snoid Comics by Kitchen
A_Short_History_of_America
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Domestication_of_the_goat
Species of spider
Agelenopsis pennsylvanica, commonly known as the Pennsylvania funnel-web spider or the Pennsylvania grass spider, is a species of spider in the family
Agelenopsis_pennsylvanica
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Phylogenetics
Animal in which nectar is a main source of nutrition in their diet
appropriate morphological structures, and there are numerous examples of coevolution between nectarivores and the flowers they pollinate. For example, hummingbirds
Nectarivore
Species of moth
very similar to the length of the nectar spur of the flower, suggesting coevolution. Hawk moths, including H. lineata, are considered long-tongued nectar
Hyles_lineata
Metaheuristic commonly used for optimization problems
partially constructed solutions. Constructive cooperative coevolution Cooperative coevolution Local search (optimization) Metaheuristic Simulated annealing
Greedy randomized adaptive search procedure
Greedy_randomized_adaptive_search_procedure
Study of organisms and their environment
Ecology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) 'house' and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and
Ecology
COEVOLUTION
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Boy/Male
Scottish
Son of Finnian's servant.
Boy/Male
English
A stream.
Girl/Female
Indian
Glory of a king, Bride
Female
Greek
(Πελαγία) Feminine form of Greek Pelagios, PELAGIA means "of the sea."
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Swiss
Gift of the Lord
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Sky
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
To Sing
Boy/Male
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya, Telugu
A Raga
Girl/Female
Hindu
Biblical
luminous, perfect
COEVOLUTION
COEVOLUTION
COEVOLUTION
COEVOLUTION
COEVOLUTION