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Group of identical cells that share a common ancestry
clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell. Clonality implies the state of a cell or
Clone_(cell_biology)
Part of process of immunological B-cell maturation
particular clone of immune B cells is usually interpreted by clinicians as evidence of unrestricted cell growth, the hallmark of cancer. Clone (cell biology)
Clone_(B-cell)
Process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes
field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes
Cloning
Method of creating a cloned embryo by replacing the egg nucleus with a body cell nucleus
denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. In 1996, Dolly
Somatic_cell_nuclear_transfer
Creation of a genetically identical copy of a human
therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. Reproductive cloning would
Human_cloning
Immune response by adaptive immune system
attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell. In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g.
Polyclonal_B_cell_response
Type of white blood cell
to self-antigen, then the B cell undergoes one of four fates: clonal deletion, receptor editing, anergy, or ignorance (B cell ignores signal and continues
B_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
identical cells that share a common ancestry Clone (B-cell), a lymphocyte clone, the massive presence of which may indicate a pathological condition Clonal colony
Clone
White blood cell that secretes large volumes of antibodies
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B cells and secrete large
Plasma_cell
Removal of autoreactive B and T cells before they become immunocompetent
of the self host cells, making it a type of negative selection. Ultimately, clonal deletion plays a role in central tolerance. Clonal deletion can help
Clonal_deletion
Spectrum of blood disorders
in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes)
Plasma_cell_dyscrasias
A Javan banteng calf was cloned from frozen cells using a cow as a surrogate, delivered via c-section on April 1, 2003, then hand raised at the San Diego
List_of_cloned_animals
Bone marrow cancer in which lymphocytes are overproduced
type of white blood cell. B cell lymphocytes can begin to collect in the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow; these cells malfunction and crowd
Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia
Unspecialized biological cell that can become specialized
number of bone marrow cells injected. They hypothesized that each lump (colony) was a clone arising from a single marrow cell (stem cell). In subsequent work
Stem_cell
Model of the immune system response to infection
In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the
Clonal_selection
South Korean scientific misconduct scandal
Woo-suk, who claimed to have created the first human embryonic stem cells by cloning in 2004. Hwang and his research team at the Seoul National University
Hwang_affair
Any biological cell forming the body of an organism
more recently, Snuppy (April 24, 2005 - May 2015), the first cloned dog. Somatic cells have also been collected in the practice of biobanking. The cryoconservation
Somatic_cell
Hematological malignancy
destruction of healthy blood cells inside the spleen. Hairy cells are nearly mature B cells, which are activated clonal cells with signs of VH gene differentiation
Hairy_cell_leukemia
Set of methods in molecular biology
use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA
Molecular_cloning
Cell of the adaptive immune system
surface of the B cells (B cell receptors) are tested within the germinal center for their affinity to the current antigen. B cell clones with mutations
Memory_B_cell
Medical condition
ancestral cell). This increase must persist for at least 3 months. The lymphocyte subtypes are B-cells that share certain features with the abnormal clones of
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
Monoclonal_B-cell_lymphocytosis
Method for producing lots of identical antibodies
producing B cells with myeloma cells (cancerous B cells). This creates hybrid cells, hybridomas, that produce the antibody from their parent B cell whilst
Hybridoma_technology
refers to removing the nucleus of a cell. By replacing it with a different nucleus, this technique is used mainly in cloning but can also be used for creating
Enucleation_(microbiology)
Expansion of blood cells
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, or CHIP, is a common aging-related phenomenon in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or other early
Clonal_hematopoiesis
Cancer capable of infecting other individuals
transmissible cancer is unlikely, because the cell clone must be adapted to survive a physical transmission of living cells between hosts, and must be able to survive
Clonally_transmissible_cancer
Stem cells that give rise to other blood cells
vivo clonal colony formation, which depends on the ability of infused bone marrow cells to give rise to clones of maturing hematopoietic cells in the
Hematopoietic_stem_cell
Cell that differentiates into one or a few cell types
A progenitor cell is a biological cell that can differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells and progenitor cells have this ability in common.
Progenitor_cell
Variety of ethical positions
harvesting organs from clones. Advocates of human therapeutic cloning believe the practice could provide genetically identical cells for regenerative medicine
Ethics_of_cloning
Small piece of maintainable DNA
foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes. The cloning vector may be DNA taken from a virus, the cell of a higher organism, or it may be the
Cloning_vector
Use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2024[update], the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic
Stem-cell_therapy
Removal of autoreactive T and B cells outside of the primary lymphoid organs
concerning peripheral immune tolerance." Self-reactive cells are subject to clonal deletion or clonal diversion. Both processes of peripheral tolerance control
Peripheral_tolerance
Type of immunoglobulin molecule
generally poor immunogens. Most complex protein antigens induce multiple B-cell clones during the immune response, thus, the response is polyclonal. Immune
Polyclonal_antibodies
Topics referred to by the same term
called clonal anemone Vegetative cloning, a form of asexual reproduction in plants Clonal reproduction Clonal deletion, a process by which B cells and T
Clonal
Medical condition
patients, the malignant cell clone can become the dominant proliferating cell type, leading to frank lymphoma, a group of B cell lymphomas occurring in
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Post-transplant_lymphoproliferative_disorder
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
vary by species and can be used to detect abnormal proliferation of B cell clones. Other types of light chains, such as the iota (ι) chain, are found
Antibody
Medical condition
pan-B markers including CD79a, and has clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and mRNA but paradoxically does not express cytoplasmic or cell surface
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
Primary_mediastinal_B-cell_lymphoma
Equine cloning over the world
born to her twin mother who her cloning cells originated from. Texas A&M University was also undertaking a horse-cloning project when the Italian team first
Horse_cloning
Cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells
HEK 293 cell clone was from his 293rd experiment. Graham performed the transfection a total of eight times, obtaining just one clone of cells that were
HEK_293_cells
Tumor or other abnormal growth of tissue
their immunoglobulin gene (for B cell lesions) or T cell receptor gene (for T cell lesions). The demonstration of clonality is now considered to be necessary
Neoplasm
Discredited South Korean scientist (born 1953)
where he reported he had succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. However, soon after the first paper was released, an article in the
Hwang_Woo-suk
American-Canadian animated television series
Clone High is a teen-adult animated sci-fi sitcom created by Phil Lord, Christopher Miller, and Bill Lawrence for MTV. It premiered on November 2, 2002
Clone_High
Subset of T lymphocytes
Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells. Their lineage is unclear. Antigen-specific memory
Memory_T_cell
Medical condition
subtype of lymphocytes, the B cells. Historically, they have been most commonly divided by the stage of maturation at which the clonal (neoplastic) lymphoid
Lymphoid_leukemia
Lineage of cells that evades senescence and continues dividing
biology of cells that may otherwise have a limited lifetime.[citation needed] Immortalised cell lines can also be cloned, giving rise to a clonal population
Immortalised_cell_line
Method to obtain monoclonal cell populations by serial dilution
spleen cells. Dilution cloning is used to: derive monoclonal hybridoma and recombinant cell lines for antibody production; clone T cells and B cells for
Dilution_cloning
English developmental biologist (1933–2025)
December 2012) Sir John B. Gurdon on Nobelprize.org Interview with Sir John Gurdon at University of Cambridge Cloning, Stem Cells, and Cell Replacement with
John_Gurdon
Medical condition
Cytologic assessment and/or flow cytometry of CSF was positive for clonal B cells in 10/13 patients tested. Molecular analysis of CSF was positive for
Bing–Neel_syndrome
Type of immune cell
immune cells by releasing cytokines. They are considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross-tolerance in dendritic cells, in the
Helper_T_cell
Type of cancer
treatment of B-cell malignancies CD20. Approximately 95% of B-cell lymphomas express CD20, but CD20 is not critical for B-cell survival. Clonal B-cells spontaneously
Germinal center B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Germinal_center_B-cell_like_diffuse_large_B-cell_lymphoma
Type of antibody
with high affinity are produced. This is achieved by clonal selection of a single B cell clone: B cells are recruited to the site of infection by sensing
Neutralizing_antibody
Basic unit of life forms
Multicellular behavior is demonstrated by microorganisms that are cloned from a single cell and form visible microbial colonies. A microbial consortium of
Cell_(biology)
Asexual reproduction without fertilization
B.; Kuzmichev, L.N.; Janus, J.D.; Pryzhkova, M.V. (2007). "Patient-Specific Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Parthenogenetic Blastocysts". Cloning and
Parthenogenesis
German-American Immunologist and Hematologist
whose work became central to the understanding of the clonal heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Muller-Sieburg is known for her contributions
Christa_Muller-Sieburg
Excess number of eosinophil cells in the blood
development of a clone of eosinophils, i.e. a group of genetically identical eosinophils derived from a significantly mutated ancestor cell. The clone may prove
Eosinophilia
Asexual method of reproduction in plants
meristematic cells capable of cellular differentiation are present in many plant tissues. Vegetative propagation is usually considered a cloning method. However
Vegetative_reproduction
Molecular biology method for cloning DNA fragments
expression clone. Once your construct is working, you can transform or transfect the cells you intend to employ in your investigations. Since Gateway cloning uses
Gateway_Technology
Immunological process
to enter the cell cycle The B cell undergoes repeated mitotic cell division, resulting in a clone of cells with identical BCRs; The B cells switch from
Antigen_processing
2002 video game
Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a 2002 action game set in the Star Wars universe, developed by Pandemic Studios and published by LucasArts for GameCube,
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (video game)
Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(video_game)
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
rapid method for viable cell titration and clone production with Hela cells in tissue culture: The use of X-irradiated cells to supply conditioning factors"
HeLa
Cell line
kills Jurkat cells, though Jurkat clones can be devised which resist PHA-induced killing. The object of the system is that Jurkat cells can react to a
Jurkat_cells
Observation of the diversity of tumour cells
models used to explain the heterogeneity of tumour cells. These are the cancer stem cell model and the clonal evolution model. The models are not mutually exclusive
Tumour_heterogeneity
Lymphatic tissue structure
called clonal expansion. After somatic hypermutation and before entering the light zone, the old B cell receptors on the surfaces of the B cells are replaced
Germinal_center
Extinct subspecies of Iberian ibex
biotechnology company Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. announced in 2000 that the Spanish government would let them try to clone her from those samples. ACT
Pyrenean_ibex
recombination operator. CLONALG: The CLONal selection ALGorithm AIRS: The Artificial Immune Recognition System BCA: The B-Cell Algorithm Artificial immune system
Clonal_selection_algorithm
2002 film by George Lucas
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas from a screenplay he co-wrote with Jonathan
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
Star_Wars:_Episode_II_–_Attack_of_the_Clones
Ki-Adi-Mundi's clone commander on Mygeeto Bly (CC-5052) – Aayla Secura's clone commander on Felucia Cody (CC-2224) – Obi-Wan Kenobi’s clone commander on
List of Star Wars prequel trilogy characters
List_of_Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy_characters
Medical condition
nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins) secreted by clonal plasma cells or B cells. By definition, people with MGRS do not meet criteria for multiple
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Monoclonal_gammopathy_of_renal_significance
Immunological condition
marrow biopsy, which suggests that there are no allergic causes or clonal mast cell diseases. The 2024 current state of research by the American Academy
Mast_cell_activation_syndrome
Trait that determines an organism's sexually reproductive function
"Androgenesis: where males hijack eggs to clone themselves". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1706). doi:10
Biological_sex
Biological particle which transfers genetic material between cells
another cell is typically to isolate, multiply, or express the insert in the target cell. All vectors may be used for cloning and are therefore cloning vectors
Vector_(molecular_biology)
protective cells involved in an immune response. Activated B cells may differentiate into memory cells or plasma cells, while activated T cells may differentiate
Immunoblast
Group of blood-based disorders
eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that occupies the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. This population consists of a clone of eosinophils, i.e. a group
Clonal_hypereosinophilia
Protein complex on the surface of T cells that recognizes antigens
discovered a clonally expressed T-cell surface epitope in murine T lymphoma. In 1983, Ellis Reinherz first defined the structure of the human T-cell receptor
T-cell_receptor
Method in cell biology
field of cell biology, the method of partial cloning (PCL) converts a fully differentiated old somatic cell into a partially reprogrammed young cell that
Partial_cloning
Cancer of plasma cells
g/L (3 g/dL) and Clonal plasma cells <10% on bone marrow biopsy and No myeloma-related organ or tissue impairment or a related B-cell lymphoproliferative
Multiple_myeloma
Medical condition
hematological disease. At the milder end of the spectrum of plasma cell dyscrasias, a clone of plasma cells may secrete abnormal amounts of myeloma protein into the
Smouldering_myeloma
Group of lymphomas
marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZLs), are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas that derive from the malignant transformation of marginal zone B-cells. Marginal
Marginal_zone_lymphoma
Type of immune cell involved in germinal center formation and maintenance
T cells (also known as T follicular helper cells and abbreviated as TFH), are antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells found in the periphery within B cell follicles
Follicular_B_helper_T_cells
Elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes by the immune system
outcomes of autoreactivity of BCRs Apoptosis (clonal deletion) Receptor editing: the self-reactive B cell changes specificity by rearranging genes and
Central_tolerance
Cell lineage used in cell cultures
also known as Vero C1008 (ATCC No. CRL-1586) This line is a clone from Vero 76. Vero E6 cells show some contact inhibition, so are suitable for propagating
Vero_cell
Pair of cloned sheep
two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. This is not
Polly_and_Molly
US scientist & fertility specialist who became the first man to clone himself
first man to clone himself, donating his own DNA via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce mature human embryos that were his clones. Wood completed
Samuel_H._Wood
of a rebel cell who helped lead the resistance movement to victory over the Separatist occupation of the planet Onderon during the Clone Wars once trained
List of Star Wars Rebels characters
List_of_Star_Wars_Rebels_characters
Lack of response by the immune system to foreign substances
This phenomenon was first described in B lymphocytes by Gustav Nossal and termed "clonal anergy." The clones of B lymphocytes in this case can still be
Clonal_anergy
Blood cancer characterized by overproduction of lymphoblasts
mass The cancerous cell in ALL is the lymphoblast. Normal lymphoblasts develop into mature, infection-fighting B-cells or T-cells, also called lymphocytes
Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia
on the morality of human cloning. Since Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned on 5 July 1996, and the possibility of cloning humans became a reality
Christian_views_on_cloning
Cell line
[additional citation(s) needed] In 1957, CHO-K1 was generated from a single clone of CHO cells. According to an industry source, however, scientist Theodore Puck
Chinese_hamster_ovary_cell
Organism that consists of only one cell
as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Organisms
Unicellular_organism
Formation of cancer
stem cell acquires an advantage compared to its neighbors, and this altered stem cell may expand clonally, forming a secondary patch, or sub-clone, within
Carcinogenesis
American medical doctor and scientist
that cloned the world's first early stage human embryos, as well as the first to successfully generate stem cells from adults using somatic-cell nuclear
Robert_Lanza
DNA screening technique
produce white colonies; cells transformed with non-recombinant plasmids (i.e. only the vector) grow into blue colonies. Molecular cloning is one of the most
Blue–white_screen
Cell type
approximately 1000 clones of its original naive lymphocyte, with each clone sharing the originally unique antigen specificity. Finally the dividing cells differentiate
Lymphoblast
Phenomenon in evolutionary biology
reproducing organisms) this beneficial mutation is only present in the clones of the cell in which the mutation arose. Because of this, the relative frequency
Clonal_interference
Type of pluripotent blastocystic stem cell
prevent fibroblast mitosis). Clonal cell lines are created by growing up a single cell. Evans and Kaufman showed that the cells grown out from these cultures
Embryonic_stem_cell
Antibodies from clones of the same blood cell
from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell. Monoclonal
Monoclonal_antibody
Form of cellular asexual reproduction
organism is a clone and, excepting mutations, is genetically identical to the parent organism. Organisms such as hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction
Budding
Examines sequence information from individual cells
species can appear genetically clonal. Still, single-cell sequencing of RNA or epigenetic modifications can reveal cell-to-cell variability that may help populations
Single-cell_sequencing
(2001) – Xbox Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002) – GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) – Game Boy Advance Star
List_of_Star_Wars_video_games
conditions. Stem cells have been used to repair tissue damaged by disease or age. Cloning also might be done with stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells can also
Stem cell laws and policy in the United States
Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States
Method for immune repertoire sequencing
(T-cell Receptor Sequencing) is a method used to identify and track specific T cells and their clones. TCR-Seq utilizes the unique nature of a T-cell receptor
Tcr-seq
CLONE B-CELL
CLONE B-CELL
Girl/Female
Tamil
Clove
Boy/Male
Indian
Rasi
Boy/Male
Muslim
The granter and accepter of repentence
Surname or Lastname
Norwegian
Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads in southwestern Norway, named with Old Norse lón ‘calm, deep pool (in a river)’.English : variant of Lane.Muslim : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Clove
Boy/Male
Tamil
Clove
Surname or Lastname
English
English : Devon variant of Clough.
Girl/Female
Greek
The mythological daughter of a river god.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Danish, French, Greek
Young Green Shoot
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Close; Clove
Boy/Male
Muslim
The bestower
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
God's Clone
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic
Warrior
Boy/Male
Indian
The bestower
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by an enclosure of some sort, such as a courtyard set back from the main street or a farmyard, from Middle English clos(e) (Old French clos, from Late Latin clausum, past participle of claudere ‘to close’).English : from Middle English clos(e) ‘secret’, applied as a nickname for a reserved or secretive person.Dutch : variant of Claeys.Altered spelling of German Klose.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling Clow.
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, German, Swedish
Lion's Strength
Boy/Male
Tamil
Close
Female
Egyptian
, a priestess of the goddess Maut.
Female
Danish
, of Magdala.
CLONE B-CELL
CLONE B-CELL
Boy/Male
Sikh
Remembrance of the enlighteners name
Girl/Female
Muslim
Noble birth, Distinguished
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Indian, Italian, Jamaican, Latin, Netherlands, Polish, Portuguese
Life; Light of Life; Brave; Sliver Moon
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Support of Heart
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of Goddess Durga
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Mervyn, MERVIN means "marrow-eminent."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Friend
Boy/Male
Tamil
Charuvrat | சரà¯à®µà¯à®°à®¤
Of good character
Boy/Male
Tamil
Auspicious
Boy/Male
Tamil
Manifested, Confident
CLONE B-CELL
CLONE B-CELL
CLONE B-CELL
CLONE B-CELL
CLONE B-CELL
v. t.
Difficult to obtain; as, money is close.
n.
Spice clove.
v. t.
To render cone-shaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; as, to cone the tires of car wheels.
v. t.
Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box.
v. t.
Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact; strict; as, a close translation.
v. t.
Concise; to the point; as, close reasoning.
b.
Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.
v. t.
Narrow; confined; as, a close alley; close quarters.
a.
Letting alone.
v. t.
Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a close prisoner.
n.
To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to close the eyes; to close a door.
v. t.
A cleft; a gap; a ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; as, Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.
v. t.
Short; as, to cut grass or hair close.
adv.
In a close manner.
v. t.
Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict; not wandering; as, a close observer.
n.
A weight. A clove of cheese is about eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds.
v. t.
Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a close vote.
n.
To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to close a bargain; to close a course of instruction.
n.
Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; as, a volcanic cone, a collection of scoriae around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical form.