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Anti-Chinese government covert operation
The CIA Tibetan program was an anti-communist covert operation spanning almost twenty years. It consisted of "political action, propaganda, paramilitary
CIA_Tibetan_program
U.S. intelligence and covert action agency
in Brazil, for instance, to create dissent against Goulart. The CIA Tibetan program consisted of political plots, propaganda distribution, paramilitary
Central_Intelligence_Agency
Spiritual leader of Tibet since 1940
communication and for Tibet to remain a part of China. He criticised the CIA Tibetan program, saying that its sudden end in 1972 proved it was primarily aimed
14th_Dalai_Lama
Independence movement in China
supported by the U.S.'s Central Intelligence Agency, which ended its Tibetan program after the 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China. Later in the 1970s
Tibetan_independence_movement
CIA program involving illegal experimentation on human test subjects (1953–1972)
an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to develop procedures and identify
MKUltra
King Kong Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis CIA Tibetan program Quadrilateral Security Dialogue Incidents Rover incident Chy Lung
Tariffs in the second Trump administration
Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration
List of code names
STBAILEY: political action and propaganda part of STBARNUM. STBARNUM: CIA Tibetan program (covert action in Tibet, 1950s onwards). STCIRCUS: aerial part of
CIA_cryptonym
Initially, the US focus in Southeast Asia was on Laos, not Vietnam. The CIA Tibetan program consists of political plots and propaganda distribution, as well
History of the Central Intelligence Agency
History_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency
Uprising in Lhasa, Tibet against China
escaped to India. Thousands of Tibetans were killed during the 1959 uprising, but the exact number is disputed. The CIA provided extensive support to the
1959_Tibetan_uprising
Geopolitical narrative
King Kong Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis CIA Tibetan program Quadrilateral Security Dialogue Incidents Rover incident Chy Lung
Artificial Intelligence Cold War
Artificial_Intelligence_Cold_War
794 battle between Nanzhao and Tibet
took advantage of the victory to capture 16 forts, capturing the five Tibetan princes stationed there and more than 100,000 civilians. In August, Yimouxun
Battle_of_Shenchuan
Part of the Tibetan Diaspora
University. 1957–1971: Tibetan guerrilla fighters are trained by the CIA and launch numerous incursions into Tibet. 1958: The first Tibetan Buddhist monastery
Tibetan_Americans
Tibetan politician
known to the Tibetan-speaking world (as well as to Himalayan community), Gyari Rinpoche" (25 August 1949 – 29 October 2018) was a Tibetan politician, and
Lodi_Gyari
Regional legislature in China
regional government was officially announced during the first session of the Tibetan People's Congress in September 1965 in Lhasa. On September 8, 1965, the
Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress
Tibet_Autonomous_Region_People's_Congress
conducted outside of Angola "as no CIA officers were permitted to engage in combat or train there." Stockwell concurs that the CIA was prohibited from deploying
List of wars involving the United States in the 20th century
List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States_in_the_20th_century
Provincial-level government of Tibet, China
a mandate to frame local laws and regulations, such as the use of the Tibetan language in the region. Additionally, rules for adapting national laws
People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region
People's_Government_of_the_Tibet_Autonomous_Region
Covert and paramilitary unit of the CIA
According to a book by retired CIA officer John Kenneth Knaus, entitled Orphans Of The Cold War: America And The Tibetan Struggle For Survival, Gyalo Thondup
Special_Activities_Center
Gangdruk Tibetan resistance movement had begun, the CIA had relocated Tibetan guerrilla trainees to Camp Hale in Colorado, USA (where a Tibetan community
Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950
Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950
Indian intelligence organisation
Of these, SFF and ARC were set up with CIA help, as a part of CIA Tibetan program. To monitor these two, a CIA-IB joint operations centre was set up in
Directorate General of Security (India)
Directorate_General_of_Security_(India)
American Central Intelligence Agency officer
downed airmen during the Korean War. He transferred to the CIA and worked on the CIA Tibetan program. He is particularly associated with his work in Africa
Howard_Bane
Tibetan guerrilla group
the CIA, given the realignment of Sino-American relations initiated by President Richard Nixon, terminated its program of assistance to the Tibetan resistance
Chushi_Gangdruk
Special covert unit of Indian armed forces
rebels brought the 14th Dalai Lama to India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion. Former CIA officer John Kennet Knaus who worked in Tibet credited IB Chief
Special_Frontier_Force
U.S. State Department office
State Department. Archived from the original. Kine, Phelim (June 2, 2022). "CIA and State's new China centers risk bureaucratic boondoggle". Politico. Retrieved
Office_of_China_Coordination
Hong Kong-based lobbying organization
Jimmy (2 January 2024). "University of Montana Defies Call to Shutter Program Linked to Chinese Influence Operation". National Review. Retrieved 3 January
China-United States Exchange Foundation
China-United_States_Exchange_Foundation
Executive agreement between US and People's Republic of China
King Kong Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis CIA Tibetan program Quadrilateral Security Dialogue Incidents Rover incident Chy Lung
2015 United States–China Cybersecurity Agreement
2015_United_States–China_Cybersecurity_Agreement
training to members of Chushi Gangdruk and other Tibetan guerrilla groups at Camp Hale. The CIA program in Tibet was part of a broader geopolitical strategy
American_espionage_in_China
United States law setting policy with respect to Hong Kong
King Kong Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis CIA Tibetan program Quadrilateral Security Dialogue Incidents Rover incident Chy Lung
United States–Hong Kong Policy Act
United_States–Hong_Kong_Policy_Act
Head of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism
Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet CIA Tibetan program Index of Buddhism-related articles Tibetan Buddhism Gelug List of Dalai Lamas Panchen Lama
Dalai_Lama
Ethno-cultural region in Asia
western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau. It is the homeland of the Tibetans. Other ethnic groups also reside on the plateau,
Tibet
in Tibet Chögyam Trungpa Chörten Cho Oyu Chowa, Tibet CIA Tibetan program Contemporary Tibetan art Cuisine of Tibet Culture of Tibet China Tibet Online
Index of Tibet-related articles
Index_of_Tibet-related_articles
Tibet and China governing arrangements
The Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan People provides a framework for the governance of Tibet within the People's Republic of China (PRC)
Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy
Memorandum_on_Genuine_Autonomy
collaborated with the CIA to monitor communist China. Following China's annexation of Tibet, the CIA, under Indian supervision, supported Tibetan resistance fighters
CIA_activities_in_India
Subregion of South Asia
spiritual Tibetan head of state, the Dalai Lama, who established the Tibetan government in exile in India. The CIA Tibetan program in Nepal trained Tibetan refugees
Eastern_South_Asia
Memorial to CIA employees
on 2016-05-25. Retrieved 2016-05-31. "Agency Pilots in the U-2 Program - CIA". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-19. Retrieved 2021-03-03
CIA_Memorial_Wall
Autonomous region of China
stating he had approved it under duress. During the 1950s and 1960s, CIA-trained Tibetan agents were parachuted into Tibet to fight the PLA, but almost all
Tibet_Autonomous_Region
the Trump administration announced it would use a Great Depression-era program, the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), to pay farmers up to $12 billion
Tariffs in the first Trump administration
Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration
Plateau region in Asia
Sino-Tibetan War Qinghai–Tibet War History of Tibet (1950–present) Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China Battle of Chamdo CIA Tibetan program
Outline_of_Tibet
American smokejumper (1928–2014)
contracted by the Central Intelligence Agency to fly aircraft for the Tibetan insertion operation, encrypted STBARNUM, in the early 1950s. Thorsrud was
Gar_Thorsrud
Non-Profit Cultural Organization
not know about the CIA's $180,000-a-year subsidy or where the money went. List of organizations of Tibetans in exile Central Tibetan Administration Sinicization
Tibet_House
Failed CIA mission
satellites. In 1965, the Pentagon and the CIA were worried about the development of China's nuclear weapons program. The Vietnam War was ramping up and the
India–United States espionage on Nanda Devi
India–United_States_espionage_on_Nanda_Devi
armed uprisings, eventually assisted by the CIA, and their violent suppression. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the 14th Dalai Lama escaped to northern
History of Tibet (1950–present)
History_of_Tibet_(1950–present)
American reconnaissance aircraft
Chinese forces were preparing to invade, and in 1959 aided CIA operations during the Tibetan uprising. The unit was collecting high-altitude air samples
Lockheed_U-2
Tibetan-American Kalmyk Buddhist lama (1901–1983)
Ngawang Wangyal (Tibetan: ངག་དབང་དབང་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: Ngag-dbang Dbang-rgyal), aka Sogpo (Mongolian) Wangyal, popularly known as Geshe Wangyal and "America's
Ngawang_Wangyal
U.S. Army training facility in Colorado, U.S.
1945. Many Tibetan resistance fighters were secretly trained at Camp Hale by the CIA. "By February 1963, four groups totaling 135 Tibetans (ten more than
Camp_Hale
Former de facto state in East Asia
Tibetan troops as he fled Xinjiang to reach Calcutta.[citation needed] The anti-communist American CIA agent Douglas Mackiernan was killed by Tibetan
Tibet_(1912–1951)
Debate about serfdom before 1951
before performing the mutilation. When CIA officer Douglas Mackiernan was mistakenly killed in 1950, six Tibetan border guards were tried and sentenced
Tibet_serfdom_controversy
followers across the Tibetan Plateau. Scholars also estimate that there are up to 5,000 ethnic Tibetan Muslims and 700 ethnic Tibetan Catholics in the TAR"
Demographics_of_China
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Sanctum while looking for the Time Stone. In the comics, the character is a Tibetan man, while the film version is an androgynous Celtic. Swinton's casting
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: A–L
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_A–L
Indian mountaineer (1931–2025)
of mountaineering in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police The missing radioactive sensor, Deccan Herald, April 25, 2004 CIA nuclear device atop Himalayas,
Mohan_Singh_Kohli
Complete loss of subjective self-identity
based on THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD (PDF) Lee, Martin A.; Shlain, Bruce (1992), Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD : the CIA, the Sixties
Ego_death
District in Gandaki Province, Nepal
as a Tibetan rebel. These guerrillas were aided by CIA and Tibetan Khampas. In the 1970s, after US president Richard Nixon had visited China, CIA withdrew
Mustang_District
American spiritual teacher (1931–2019)
co-authored The Psychedelic Experience with Ralph Metzner, based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead, published in 1964. Alpert co-authored LSD with Sidney
Ram_Dass
Interdisciplinary fields of research
[citation needed] Area studies programs originated within the U.S. Office of Strategic Services, the predecessor agency to the CIA. In this context, the Ford
Area_studies
have problems with Tibetan Hui (the Tibetan speaking Kache minority of Muslims). The main mosque in Lhasa was burned down by Tibetans during the unrest
Islam_in_China
2012 American film
Smith to hunt down and digitize over 20,000 missing volumes of ancient Tibetan text. Digital Dharma premiered at the 2012 Sedona Film Festival and won
Digital_Dharma
Australian WikiLeaks editor (born 1971)
when it published the Bank Julius Baer documents, footage of the 2008 Tibetan unrest, and a report on political killings in Kenya with The Sunday Times
Julian_Assange
CIA map of China
List of cities in China by population
List_of_cities_in_China_by_population
Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They are of mixed Indo-Aryan and Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language
Demographics_of_Bangladesh
Factbook". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2022. "Death rate – The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Archived
Demographics_of_the_world
psychologist, but was an allergist who was a key participant in the CIA MK-ULTRA mind-control program. In 1957, R. Gordon Wasson, the vice president of J.P. Morgan
History_of_LSD
Tibetan film director
Tenzing Sonam (born 16 January 1959) is a Tibetan film director, writer and essayist based in Dharamshala. He works through his production company, White
Tenzing_Sonam
Diệm, the CIA was asked "to coax a genuine South Vietnamese government into being" by managing development and running the Phoenix Program that killed
Foreign interventions by the United States
Foreign_interventions_by_the_United_States
East Asian ethnic group
These cultures are believed to be related to the origins of the Sino-Tibetan languages and later the Sinitic languages. They were the foundation for
Han_Chinese
and state persecution of Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities, the 2010 Tibetan language protest (a protest against the sinicization of Tibet), the 2020
Racism_in_China
American psychologist (1920–1996)
structures. Leary's research was rumored to be linked to the CIA, which allegedly provided funding. The CIA was greatly interested in the effects of mind-altering
Timothy_Leary
American lawyer and government official
October 2020, he also became the United States Special Coordinator on Tibetan Issues. He previously served on the United States Commission on Civil Rights
Robert_Destro
Operation Fox Hunt, nominally focused on economic crimes, was targeting "Tibetans, Hong Kongers, followers of the Falun Gong religious movement and, perhaps
Chinese espionage in the United States
Chinese_espionage_in_the_United_States
Country in East Asia
although it is home to 55 recognized minorities, including the Hui, Mongols, Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Zhuang. The word "China" has been used in English since the
China
Israel's deterrence strategy of massive retaliation with nuclear weapons
"doomsday weapons" and the Samson Option. Nevertheless, as early as 1976, the CIA believed that Israel possessed 10 to 20 nuclear weapons. By 2021, it was
Samson_Option
British actress (born 1947)
mission in Gibraltar during World War II. During the Cold War he headed the CIA-funded Polish Section of Radio Free Europe in Germany. Her mother was Countess
Rula_Lenska
Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2025. "Guatemala: People and Society". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
German anthropologist (born 1974)
forced labor. Robert Barnett, the former director of the Modern Tibetan Studies Program at Columbia University, wrote in March 2021 that Zenz's work on
Adrian_Zenz
Prime Minister of India from 1977 to 1979
stance and called out for his collusion with the American intelligence agency CIA. He unsuccessfully sued a journalist for it. He was also known for his peace
Morarji_Desai
Country in East Asia
during the era of Dayan Khan and Tumen Zasagt Khan. In the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism spread to Mongolia. The Qing dynasty absorbed the country in the
Mongolia
News leak publishing organisation
leaks. The CIA and United States Congress characterised the organisation as a "non-state hostile intelligence service" after the release of CIA tools for
WikiLeaks
American intelligence analyst
Lebanon, Chinese Off-Shore Islands, Middle East and Tibetan crises. In January 1961, Lundahl's CIA group acquired military imagery intelligence capabilities
Dino_Brugioni
compromised the identities of numerous CIA spies in China. Jerry Chun Shing Lee, a naturalized U.S. citizen, had worked for the CIA with a top-secret security clearance
List of Chinese spy cases in the United States
List_of_Chinese_spy_cases_in_the_United_States
ethnic minorities and religious groups, including Christians, Muslims, Tibetan Buddhists, Uyghurs, and groups the government deems as "cults" such as
Human_rights_in_China
International boundary in South Asia
at the edges of various Nepali, Indian and Tibetan kingdoms. Cross-border trade between Nepalis and Tibetans has existed for centuries, for example in
China–Nepal_border
Subregion of the Asian continent
Christianity and Musok in Korea. Tengerism and Tibetan Buddhism are prevalent among Mongols and Tibetans while other religions such as Shamanism are widespread
East_Asia
Psychedelic training center and intentional community
guests rented the Catalina Hotel for a month using their own version of the Tibetan Book of the Dead as a guide book for LSD sessions; Ralph Metzner and Richard
Zihuatanejo_Project
Use of digital attacks against a state
8,000 documents on the CIA. The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 to 2016, include details on CIA's software capabilities,
Cyberwarfare
Family of Russian military transport helicopters
government troops. US Army Special Forces in Afghanistan extensively used CIA-operated Mi-17s during the initial stages of Operation Enduring Freedom.
Mil_Mi-17
US quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization
Weinstein said: "A lot of what we do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA." During the 1984 Panamanian general election the American Institute for
National Endowment for Democracy
National_Endowment_for_Democracy
1979–1989 armed conflict in South Asia
War struggle, and the CIA provided assistance to anti-Soviet forces through the Pakistani intelligence services, in a program called Operation Cyclone
Soviet–Afghan_War
PRC in the Mao Zedong era
among the Tibetan population that the Chinese government planned to arrest or abduct the 14th Dalai Lama. On March 10, thousands of Tibetans surrounded
History_of_China_(1949–1976)
1956 quote by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
Air-to-air combat losses between the Soviet Union and the United States CIA activities in the Soviet Union Containment Rollback Red Scare The Moscow
We_will_bury_you
Overview of territories claimed by China
and the Tibetan government. The Simla Convention was never accepted by the Chinese government, and it was also considered invalid by Tibetans due to unmet
Territorial_disputes_of_China
Children who natively spoke local languages of the Madhesh and Hills, or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage
Demographics_of_Nepal
Student-led demonstrations in China
Student-led protest against cultural and political policies 1987–1989 Tibetan unrest – Series of pro-independence protests and demonstrations in Tibet
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre
Tai ethnic group
doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02467-6. PMC 12723852. PMID 41430601. "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved
Thai_people
Ethnic group in southwest China and Southeast Asia
from lu Mien and other Southeast Asian tribes. The Hmong–Mien and Sino-Tibetan speaking people are known as hill tribes in Thailand; they were the subject
Hmong_people
On-demand cloud computing provider
(December 20, 2025). "US tech enabled China's surveillance empire. Now Tibetan refugees in Nepal are paying the price". Associated Press. Retrieved December
Amazon_Web_Services
unequal distribution of wealth and income among its citizens. According to the CIA World Factbook, the Gini coefficient of India, which is a measure of income
Economy_of_India
Leader of the Republic of China from 1928 to 1975
the Tibetan border. Chiang also threatened the Tibetans with aerial bombardment if they worked with the Japanese. Ma Bufang attacked the Tibetan Buddhist
Chiang_Kai-shek
India's domestic intelligence agency
India's Intelligence Bureau ran an aggressive counterintelligence program, and the CIA, despite a large station in New Delhi, was unable to recruit a single
Intelligence_Bureau_(India)
Political party in the Republic of China
Bufang waged war on the invading Tibetans during the Sino-Tibetan War with his Muslim army, and he repeatedly crushed Tibetan revolts during bloody battles
Kuomintang
American writer and teacher (born 1944)
practice. From 2010 to 2018, she did long winter retreats to Gampo Abbey, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Nova Scotia, under the direction of her teacher,
Meg_Wheatley
Episode list for an American late-night talk show
News Get Big Boosts for President Biden's Election Exit - Programming Insider". Programming Insider. Retrieved August 20, 2024. Pucci, Douglas (July 29
List of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver episodes
List_of_Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver_episodes
cdc.gov. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022. "Net migration rate". cia.gov. CIA. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2025
Demographics of the United States
Demographics_of_the_United_States
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM
CIA TIBETAN-PROGRAM