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Ethanol produced from cellulose
Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) produced from cellulose (the stringy fiber of a plant) rather than from the plant's seeds or fruit. It can
Cellulosic_ethanol
Type of biofuel
also possible to generate ethanol out of cellulosic materials. That, however, requires a pretreatment that splits the cellulose into glucose molecules and
Ethanol_fuel
gasoline consumption by one gallon were $1.78 for corn ethanol and $3.00 for cellulosic ethanol. In a similar way, and without considering potential indirect
Ethanol fuel in the United States
Ethanol_fuel_in_the_United_States
Organic compound
reduction of 8%, conventional E85 ethanol blend a reduction of 17% and cellulosic ethanol 64%, compared with pure gasoline. Ethanol has a much greater research
Ethanol
Polymer of glucose and structural component of cell wall of plants and green algae
Conversion of cellulose from energy crops into biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol is under development as a renewable fuel source. Cellulose for industrial
Cellulose
world’s first cellulose ethanol fuel. Iogen’s cellulosic biofuels technology converts a wide variety of cellulosic feedstocks into ethanol and other biofuels
Iogen_Corporation
Species of plant
to the development of cellulosic ethanol technology. Projections in the early 1990s for commercialization of cellulosic ethanol by the year 2000 have
Panicum_virgatum
Corn (maize) plant parts left in field after harvest
convert to electricity. It also has potential for cellulosic ethanol (biomass ethanol), which is "ethanol made from non-grain plant materials known as biomass
Corn_stover
American biofuel company
Mascoma Corporation was a U.S. biofuel company founded to produce cellulosic ethanol made from wood and switchgrass. Headquartered in Lebanon, New Hampshire
Mascoma_Corporation
yield is higher, and conversion to ethanol is more energy efficient than corn. Recent developments with cellulosic ethanol production may improve yields even
Ethanol_fuel_energy_balance
gasoline consumption by one gallon are $1.78 for corn ethanol and $3.00 for cellulosic ethanol. In a similar way, and without considering potential indirect
Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil
Negative spillover effect of production of biofuels
fell in the "biomass-based diesel" category. Cellulosic ethanol and cellulosic diesel met the "cellulosic biofuel" standard. The table summarizes the mean
Indirect land use change impacts of biofuels
Indirect_land_use_change_impacts_of_biofuels
50/50 joint venture between DuPont and Genencor
DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC (DDCE) was a 50/50 joint venture between DuPont and Genencor, a subsidiary of Danisco. The company was formed to
DuPont_Danisco
Mixtures of common ethanol fuel types
that the use of advanced biofuels in the UK, and particularly E20 cellulosic ethanol, is a more cost-effective way of reducing emissions than using plug-in
Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures
American biofuel manufacturer
April 2022. POET has constructed an $8 million pilot plant to produce cellulosic ethanol made from corn cobs and other crop residue. A commercial scale project
POET
American science and alternative energy company
developing a process to convert biomass into useful products, including cellulosic ethanol. The board of directors includes Steven Chu. Former US Secretary of
Xyleco
fuels, such as cellulosic ethanol, and for reducing the environmental footprint of growing biofuels crops, particularly corn-based ethanol. In October 2010
Ethanol_fuel_by_country
Structural phenolic polymer in plant cell walls
(2016), "Cellulosic ethanol: what to do with the lignin", Biomass, retrieved 2016-08-10. Abengoa (2016-04-21), The importance of lignin for ethanol production
Lignin
Inbicon is a Danish company that produces cellulosic ethanol. Elsam, a Danish power company, began looking at using biomass for the production of energy
Inbicon
Treethanol is an ethanol fuel (more precisely cellulosic ethanol) made from trees. The biofuel is a contender in the race to find an energy alternative
Treethanol
US biotech company
called DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC, to develop and commercialize low cost technology for the production of cellulosic ethanol. In 2008, Genencor
Genencor
Synthesis of fuel from biomass
Biomass heating systems Bioproduct Biorefinery DMF fuel Gas to liquid Cellulosic ethanol Coal to liquid Gasification NExBTL—despite the name BtL, the feedstock
Biomass_to_liquid
Cellulose derivative grafted with carboxymethyl groups
screening for cellulase enzymes that are needed for more efficient cellulosic ethanol conversion.[citation needed] CMC was misused in early work with cellulase
Carboxymethyl_cellulose
American corn ethanol producer
day) cellulosic ethanol demonstration plants. Even though there are about five companies currently working on production of ethanol from cellulose, Xethanol
Xethanol
Informal group of fungi
sugars present in cellulosic biomasses, such as agriculture residues, paper wastes, and wood chips. Such a development means ethanol can be efficiently
Yeast
Species of bacterium
ethanol. In recent studies, Saccharophagus degradans from the Chesapeake Bay was effectively used to produce cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol production
Saccharophagus
Biochemical process
production of ethanol and cellulosic ethanol use enzymes that must be isolated first to be added to the biomass and thus convert the starch or cellulose into simple
Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
Bioconversion_of_biomass_to_mixed_alcohol_fuels
microbial consortia and microbial enzymes in bioenergy research. New cellulosic ethanol conversion processes have enabled the variety and volume of feedstock
Bioconversion
Ethanol produced from corn biomass
Corn ethanol is ethanol produced from corn biomass and is the main source of ethanol fuel in the United States, mandated to be blended with gasoline in
Corn_ethanol
Fuels in 2007. The company broke ground on its first commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol facility in November 2007. According to the Washington Examiner, Range
Range_Fuels
Species of flowering plant in the family of Asteraceae
Biodiesel Biogas Biogasoline Bioliquids Biomass Cooking oil vegetable oil Ethanol cellulosic mixtures Methanol Stover corn Straw Water hyacinth Wood gas Energy
Common_sunflower
British multinational oil and gas company
for US Cellulosic Ethanol Plant". Biofuels Digest. Retrieved 17 September 2017. Lane, Jim (18 January 2015). "BP's exit from cellulosic ethanol: the assets
BP
Class of plant cell wall polysaccharides
such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis
Hemicellulose
Leaves and stalks of field crops
fuel source, and as biomass for fermentation or as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. Stover from various crops can also be used in mushroom
Stover
Material for writing, printing, etc.
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained
Paper
Fuels produced from renewable resources
cellulosic ethanol commercialization could allow ethanol fuels to play a much larger role in the future than previously thought. Cellulosic ethanol can
Renewable_fuels
Cellulose-based semi-synthetic fiber
being the most frequent match (50% of all fibers), followed by other cellulosic fibers at 29.5% (e.g., rayon/viscose, linen, jute, kenaf, hemp, etc.)
Rayon
Residue of sugar cane after juice extraction
producing commercial quantities of cellulosic ethanol. For example, until May 2015, BP operated a cellulosic ethanol demonstration plant in Jennings, Louisiana
Bagasse
Lightweight black residue, made of carbon and ashes, after pyrolysis of biomass
infrastructure changes the way, for example, processing biomass for cellulosic ethanol does. Additionally, biochar can be applied by the widely used machinery
Biochar
Biodegradable waste
waste can be composed of non-food crops, which decompose to produce cellulosic ethanol. It can also help reduce the necessity of petroleum gases, which produce
Green_waste
Fuel derived from biological sources
more common in Europe. Corn-to-ethanol and other food stocks has led to the development of cellulosic ethanol. Ethanol fuel can be combined with gasoline
Biofuel
Energy collected from renewable resources
including enhanced geothermal systems, concentrated solar power, cellulosic ethanol, piezoelectricity, and marine energy. These technologies are not yet
Renewable_energy
projects, mainly in the area of cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol has many benefits over traditional corn-based ethanol. It does not take away or directly
Renewable energy in the United States
Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States
commonly destructively distilled or dry distilled for the production of methanol (wood alcohol). Cellulosic ethanol "Holzbranntwein". Zeno.org. 1907.
Sawdust_brandy
Engineered wood product made out of wood fibers
formaldehydes. Fiberboard, classified by ASTM C208, Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board, has many benefits and is used in residential and
Fiberboard
Country in northern Europe
bioethanol, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to cellulosic ethanol. Medicon Valley, spanning the Øresund Region between Zealand and Sweden
Denmark
Group of climbing, coiling, and trailing perennial vine
as headache. It may become a valuable asset for the production of cellulosic ethanol. In the Southern United States, kudzu is used to make soaps, lotions
Kudzu
Rule to reduce carbon intensity of transportation fuels
Cellulosic ethanol and cellulosic diesel (based on currently modeled pathways) comply with the 60% GHG reduction threshold applicable to cellulosic biofuels
Low-carbon_fuel_standard
Cellulosic biofuels must reduce lifecycle GHG emissions by at least 60% to qualify. Cellulosic biofuels are renewable fuels derived from cellulose, hemicellulose
United States biofuel policies
United_States_biofuel_policies
Natural or manufactured resin
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Pitch_(resin)
Heavy-duty paper of varying strengths
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Cardboard
United States federal law
increases in Food Stamp benefits, increased support for the production of cellulosic ethanol, and money for the research of pests, diseases and other agricultural
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008
Deployment of technologies harnessing easily replenished natural resources
as the IEA previously thought. Cellulosic ethanol can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible cellulose fibers that form the stems and
Renewable energy commercialization
Renewable_energy_commercialization
converting cellulose to useful chemicals, particularly cellulosic ethanol. The main technological impediment to widespread utilization of cellulose for fuels
Cellulose 1,4-β-cellobiosidase (non-reducing end)
Cellulose_1,4-β-cellobiosidase_(non-reducing_end)
Salt mixture
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Potash
American energy company
group. The company was developing processes for the production of cellulosic ethanol from woodchips. Coskata's process combines both biological (i.e.,
Coskata,_Inc.
Species of bacterium
ethanologenic abilities, being capable of directly converting a cellulosic substrate into ethanol by consolidated bioprocessing. This makes it useful in converting
Acetivibrio_thermocellus
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter. Methanol
Methanol
Fuel blend of 85% ethanol and 15% another liquid
heat source for the distillation of ethanol instead of petro-products like natural gas. Some say that cellulosic ethanol produced from waste materials or
E85
Edible vegetable oil from the fruit of oil palms
Transesterification Products Biodiesel by region Neste Bioplastics Cellulosic ethanol Girl Scout Cookies Oleochemicals Vegetable oil cooking fuel Organisations
Palm_oil
Skilled trade
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Carpentry
Lightweight black carbon residue
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Charcoal
Edible chemical compound
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Liquid_smoke
energy cellulosic ethanol and biodiesel company. In 2004, McAfee took public World Waste Technologies, a converter of municipal solid waste to cellulose for
Eric_A._McAfee
Estimate of an ecosystem's production of certain biological materials
can change from year to year (e.g. use of corn (maize) stover for cellulosic ethanol production would result in corn stover becoming a useful material
Biocapacity
American lawyer and public official (1941–2026)
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and use of biomass fuels such as cellulosic ethanol. He was a founding member of the Set America Free Coalition, dedicated
James_Woolsey
Class of astringent, bitter plant polyphenolic chemical compounds
be used as a mordant, and are especially useful in natural dyeing of cellulose fibers such as cotton. The type of tannin used may or may not have an
Tannin
Fibrous material used notably in papermaking
prepared by chemically, semi-chemically, or mechanically isolating the cellulosic fibers of wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and
Pulp_(paper)
Type of wooden board used commonly as exterior siding
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Shiplap
Oxygen-free break down of material
Yan; MacLellan, James; Liao, Wei (2010). "A sustainable pathway of cellulosic ethanol production integrating anaerobic digestion with biorefining". Biotechnology
Anaerobic_digestion
resulting from biofuels production facilities, such as: One 49 MGY cellulosic ethanol plant generates about 194 jobs and $105.5 million annually in the
American_Biofuels_Now
American chairman & CEO (born 1965)
million loan guarantee Argus Leader [6] POET (Sept. 23, 2011) DOE grants final approval on POET cellulosic ethanol loan guarantee Retrieved Oct. 10, 2011
Jeff_Broin
Glued wood product
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Particle_board
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
lipases used in biological detergents, cellulases used in making cellulosic ethanol and stonewashed jeans, and amylases, invertases, proteases, and xylanases
Fungus
Material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils
cellulosic materials that have at least one of their dimensions in the nanoscale. Examples of nanocellulosic materials are microfibrilated cellulose,
Nanocellulose
Syngas fuel created by gasification of biomass
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Wood_gas
Component of a building's wall
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Wall_stud
Composite paper material
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Corrugated_fiberboard
Inc. is an American energy company researching the production of cellulosic ethanol from a variety of non-food feedstock sources including corn stover
Qteros
commercial plant producing cellulosic ethanol will commence in the State of Iowa in February 2007. The Voyager Ethanol plant in Emmetsburg, owned by
Biofuel_in_the_United_States
Symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast
as lactic acid fermentation and ethanol metabolism respectively. A possible byproduct of this reaction is cellulose, which serves as the foundation for
SCOBY
Plant dry matter
Office of Science (June 2006). "Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Joint Research Agenda. Report from the December 2005 Workshop"
Lignocellulosic_biomass
Motor vehicle
of the LincVolt's hybrid engine uses Domestic-Green Carbon-Neutral Cellulosic Ethanol from Biomass. Prime builder: Johnathan Goodwin of H-Line Conversions
LincVolt
BP Biofuels Highlands was a subsidiary of BP developing cellulosic ethanol project in Florida. It was formerly known as Vercipia Biofuels. The company
BP_Biofuels_Highlands
Crops grown solely to burn for energy
for the production of cellulosic bioethanol are switchgrass and giant miscanthus. There has been a preoccupation with cellulosic bioethanol in America
Energy_crop
Alcoholic fermentation byproduct
the oxygen content. Alcohol (drug) Beer purity law (1516) Biofuel Cellulosic ethanol Moonshine Sorghum beer Wine chemistry "Fusel oil". Oxford Dictionaries
Fusel_alcohol
Use of biofuel as energy source across the world
increases in Food Stamp benefits, increased support for the production of cellulosic ethanol, and money for the research of pests, diseases and other agricultural
Biofuels_by_region
Engineered wood made of steamed and pressure-molded fibers
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Masonite
Food-based ethanol projects have had financial difficulty, because the incentives from the Farm act of 2008 emphasize cellulosic biomass to ethanol. Incentives
Ethanol_fuel_in_Hawaii
Enzyme-facilitated splitting of molecular bonds with water
of food. It may be used to help provide renewable energy, as with cellulosic ethanol. Acid hydrolysis Alkaline hydrolysis Digestion enzyme Campbell, Neil
Enzymatic_hydrolysis
Class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Sandalwood
Fibrous material from trees or other plants
it is characterized as an organic material – a natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin and
Wood
Support for the rails in railroad tracks
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Railroad_tie
Plant matter used in pith helmets, etc.
Paperboard Pulp Pulpwood Rayon Derivatives Birch-tar Cellulose nano Hemicellulose Cellulosic ethanol Dyes Lignin Liquid smoke Lye Methanol Pyroligneous
Sholapith
Composite material made from wood
manufacture similar engineered bamboo from bamboo; and similar engineered cellulosic products from other lignin-containing materials such as rye straw, wheat
Engineered_wood
Debate concerning diversion of food supply for biofuels
pilot-scale plants. Cellulosic ethanol commercialization is moving forward rapidly. The world's first commercial wood-to-ethanol plant began operation
Food_vs._fuel
Second largest ethanol producer in China
Corporation (CRAC) is the second largest ethanol producer in China and the owner of the only cellulosic ethanol pilot demonstration plant in the world which
China Resources Alcohol Corporation
China_Resources_Alcohol_Corporation
sugar-based chemical product from biomass due to developments in cellulosic processing. “Cellulosic Sugars: Unlocking Biomass’ Potential”, Nexant, (2012), p.1-2
Cellulosic_sugars
Composite materials made of wood fiber and thermoplastics
addition to wood fiber and plastic, WPCs can also contain other ligno-cellulosic or inorganic filler materials. WPCs are a subset of a larger category
Wood–plastic_composite
Auto racing championship in the United States
during the 2008 season – the GT1 Chevrolet Corvette C6.R with an E85 cellulosic ethanol powered 7.0 litre V8 and the LMP1 Audi R10 TDI with a 5.5 litre turbodiesel
American_Le_Mans_Series
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