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Jurisdictional regime for courts in the EU
The Brussels I Regulation (EU) 1215/2012 contains a jurisdictional regime: the rules which courts of European Union Member States use to determine if they
Brussels_I_Regulation_2012
Rules regulating jurisdiction of courts
occasions and was almost completely superseded by a regulation adopted in 2001, the Brussels I Regulation. Today the convention only applies between the 15
Brussels_Regime
Market mechanisms by which the European Union regulation is adopted globally
The Brussels effect is the process of European Union (EU) regulations spreading well beyond the EU's borders. Through the Brussels effect, regulated entities
Brussels_effect
European Union regulation
Applicable to Contractual Obligations 1980. The Rome I Regulation can be distinguished from the Brussels Regime which determines which court can hear a given
Rome_I_Regulation
Code: The Way Forward (2009) Brussels I Regulation 2012 1215/2012 Rome I Regulation (EC) 593/2008 arts 3 and 8 Rome II Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 Copyright
Law_of_the_European_Union
Type of patent in the European Union
Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012, Art. 9.1. Article 32(1)i, Agreement on a Unified Patent Court, implementing Article 9.3 of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012
Unitary_patent
EU regulation on information privacy
(derogate from) some of its provisions. As an example of the Brussels effect, the regulation became a model for many other laws around the world, including
General Data Protection Regulation
General_Data_Protection_Regulation
Stock exchange in Brussels, Belgium
The Brussels Stock Exchange (French: Bourse de Bruxelles [buʁs də bʁysɛl]; Dutch: Beurs van Brussel [ˈbøːrs fɑm ˈbrʏsəl]), abbreviated to BSE, is a stock
Brussels_Stock_Exchange
Regulation (Applicable law in divorce cases) Tort (conflict) Brussels Regime, governing jurisdiction Rome II Regulation, Art. 26 Rome II Regulation,
Rome_II_Regulation
Property Review. The lis pendens-rule in article 29 of the Brussels I-bis Regulation (no. 1215/2012) provides that when proceedings involving the same cause
Italian_torpedo
National airline of Belgium
Brussels Airlines is the flag carrier and largest airline of Belgium, based and headquartered at Brussels Airport. It operates to over 100 destinations
Brussels_Airlines
agreements under those later instruments. However, in the 2012 Recast version of the Brussels I Regulation chosen courts can take jurisdiction, even if a court
Gasser_v_MISAT
EU regulation specifying classification standards for bananas
for notifications in the banana sector with effect as of 9 January 2012. The regulation applies to unripened green bananas and thus to growers and wholesalers
Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2257/94
Commission_Regulation_(EC)_No._2257/94
France (C-265/95). Regulation 44/2001: assignment of jurisdiction and judicial cooperation in civil matters, replacing the 1968 Brussels Convention. Articles
List of European Union regulations
List_of_European_Union_regulations
Latin expressions meaning 'from fact' and 'from law'
In jurisprudence, a de facto law (also known as a de facto regulation) is a law or regulation that is followed but "is not specifically enumerated by a
De_facto_and_de_jure
European Union procedure
instruments. Examples are the Brussels Convention of 1968 (on jurisdiction in civil matters, replaced by the Brussels I Regulation), the Rome Convention on
Enhanced_cooperation
and internet infrastructure. The country code for Belgium is BE. Mail regulation is a national competency. Postal service in Belgium is in many cases performed
Telecommunications_in_Belgium
The following is a timeline of the history of Brussels, Belgium. 10,000–2600 BCE – Polished silex from the Mesolithic era are located in the Nekkersgat
Timeline_of_Brussels
Regulation of the European Union and Euratom
The Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation is a regulation of the European Union and Euratom, which allows the European Commission to adopt measures, including
Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation
Rule_of_Law_Conditionality_Regulation
Historical system of licensed prostitution
the brothels in Brussels, and culminated in the infamous scandal known as the White Slave trade Affair in 1880–1881. The Regulation System was abolished
Regulation_system
EU directive on personal data processing
Security. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Renata Goldirova (14 February 2008). "Brussels attacks new U.S. security demands". EUobserver. Statewatch
Data_Protection_Directive
Community patent London Agreement Brussels Regime, i.e. Brussels Convention, the Lugano Convention, and the Brussels I Regulation (Council Reg (EC) 44/2001)
European Patent Litigation Agreement
European_Patent_Litigation_Agreement
Civil parish in Alentejo, Portugal
Retrieved 3 September 2012. Commission of the European Communities (2 February 2012). "Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 510/2006". Brussels, Belgium: Official
Torrão
Species of plant
vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, romanesco, kale, Brussels sprout, collard, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, and gai lan. Wild Brassica oleracea
Brassica_oleracea
Patent court in the European Union
into force on 30 May 2014 as Regulation 542/2014. Regulation 542/2014 amends the recast Brussels I Regulation 1215/2012, which is applicable from January
Unified_Patent_Court
Maintenance Regulation on 14 January 2009, and therefore partially applies the maintenance regulation in so far as it amends the Brussels regulation on jurisdiction
Treaties of the European Union
Treaties_of_the_European_Union
September 2020. "Brussels Parlement stelt verstrenging lage-emissiezone met twee jaar uit, Ahidar niet langer formateur" [Brussels Parliament postpones
Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
Phase-out_of_fossil_fuel_vehicles
following the dissolution of the German monarchy at the end of World War I. Before the First World War, the collaborative research efforts of the German
Drug_policy_of_Nazi_Germany
Extra fee charged by a merchant when receiving a non-cash payment
Payment Services Regulations 2017, accessed 24 December 2024 Regulation 6A, The Consumer Rights (Payment Surcharges) Regulations 2012 "Kreditkarten Domestische
Surcharge_(payment_systems)
International Airport Austro Control Brussels Airport Company Boeing BULATSA Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali (C.I.R.A.) Croatia Control Deutsche Lufthansa
SESAR_Joint_Undertaking
Council" Archived 2012-06-18 at the Wayback Machine, Agenda "Prime Minister Victor Ponta officially announces its departure to Brussels. Presidency without
2012 Romanian constitutional crisis
2012_Romanian_constitutional_crisis
International law firm headquartered in New York City
Brussels, Hong Kong, Beijing, Tokyo, and São Paulo. The firm is recognized for its work in corporate law, litigation, tax, and financial regulation.
Davis_Polk
European Union law
as MiFID 2) is a directive of the European Union (EU). Together with Regulation No 600/2014 it provides a legal framework for securities markets, investment
Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2014
Markets_in_Financial_Instruments_Directive_2014
Lobbying in the European Union
Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-3-527-50597-5. Geiger, Andreas (2012). EU lobbying handbook (2nd ed.). Brussels: Helios Media. pp. 108–110. ISBN 978-1-4751-1749-3
European_Union_lobbying
Form of indiscriminate urban regeneration
executive district in Brussels. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64559-9. Romańczyk, K. M. (2012). "Transforming Brussels into an international
Brusselization
Regulations regarding the advertising of nicotine-containing products
nicotine-containing products is regulated in most jurisdictions. Regulations include bans and regulation of certain types of advertising, and requirements for counter-advertising
Regulation of nicotine marketing
Regulation_of_nicotine_marketing
have been numbered following the pattern (domain) YYYY/N, for instance "Regulation (EU) 2016/1627" with domain being "EU" for the European Union, "Euratom"
List of European Union directives
List_of_European_Union_directives
American social networking service
admits to data breach exposing contact info for 5.4 million accounts". The Brussels Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August
X_(social_network)
Principle in European Union law
the possible forms of EU legislation, the most important of which are regulations, and in certain circumstances to directives. The ECJ first articulated
Direct effect of European Union law
Direct_effect_of_European_Union_law
British politician
and was admitted as a solicitor in May 2009. She spent secondments in Brussels and Sydney. She remained at Slaughter and May as an associate from 2009
Lucy_Rigby
International radio division of the BBC
World Service. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012. "Regulation". BBC. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023.
BBC_World_Service
Exaggerated or invented story about the European Union
[i.e. fish and chip shops] could be forced to sell fish by their ancient Latin names—thanks to the craziest European ruling so far. If barmy Brussels bureaucrats
Euromyth
Businessman (born 1971)
Retrieved July 3, 2025. Times, The Brussels. "Musk-AfD: EU Commission to monitor risks of 'preferential treatment'". Brussels Times. Archived from the original
Elon_Musk
Agency of the European Union
money laundering and serious cross-border VAT fraud. Established by Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 pursuant to Article 86 of the Treaty on the Functioning
European Public Prosecutor's Office
European_Public_Prosecutor's_Office
European Commission air traffic project
SES-I (Regulation (EC) No 550/2004 alias Service Provision Regulation) adopted. 20 April 2004: SES-I in force. 21 October 2009: SES-II regulation adopted
Single_European_Sky
Most populous city in the United States
however, he also earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the Dutch Reformed
New_York_City
Vehicle emission standards
eu. Retrieved 2 February 2011. "Commission Regulation (EU) No 459/2012 of 29 May 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament
European_emission_standards
Belgian Army as of 1914
Latonnois van Rode) – Brussels. 18th Mixed Brigade (Brussels) 1st Grenadier Regiment 2nd Grenadier Regiment 19th Mixed Brigade (Brussels) 1st Carabiners Regiment
Belgian Army order of battle (1914)
Belgian_Army_order_of_battle_(1914)
Dutch politician (born 1961)
European elections. Before his roles in Brussels, Timmermans served as Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (2012–2014) in the Second Rutte cabinet and as
Frans_Timmermans
Country in Northern Europe
"China blocking EU imports with Lithuanian components over Taiwan row, says Brussels". Euronews. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December
Lithuania
Injunction with pan-EU effect
determined. The instruments are the Brussels I Regulations (44/2001 and 1215/2012), Lugano Conventions (1998, 2007) and the Brussels Convention (1968). The conventions
Cross-border_injunction
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
or were expelled into the Soviet occupation zone. Various anti-Jewish regulations were soon issued. In October 1939, adult Jews in the General Governorate
The_Holocaust
hierarchy. Belgium is divided into five main judicial areas, which are Brussels, Liège, Ghent, Mons, and Antwerp. These areas are separated to twenty-six
Law_of_Belgium
Country in East Asia
major private technology firms such as Tencent and Alibaba under state regulation. Geopolitical tensions have led to Europe and the United States to restrict
China
French-American automobile engineer (born 1980)
offroad autonomous division. Levandowski was born on March 15, 1980, in Brussels, Belgium to a French diplomat mother and an American businessman. He moved
Anthony_Levandowski
Group of European states without mutual border controls
April 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2013. Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 amending Regulation (EC)
Schengen_Area
Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 to 1519
support of cities outside Flanders like Antwerp, Amsterdam, Mechelen, and Brussels as well as a small group of loyal landed nobles proved decisive in the
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Agency of the European Union tasked with external border control
of rescuing them, which is their obligation under EU laws and regulations. Despite a 2012 European Court of Human Rights ruling that refugees should not
Frontex
EU Directive
in 2016, a series of six new Directives and Regulations amended the Single European Railway Directive 2012, and recast all other rules, known as the Fourth
Single European Railway Directive 2012
Single_European_Railway_Directive_2012
National identity card of Belgium
the world' with extra protection against forgery". The Brussels Times. 15 January 2020. Regulation (EU) 2019/1157 of the European Parliament and of the
Belgian_identity_card
British Overseas Territory in Iberia
when the UK, Spain, Gibraltar and the European Union signed a treaty in Brussels removing routine border controls at the Gibraltar–Spain frontier and enabling
Gibraltar
Province of Canada
2019[update], the Government of Quebec had delegates-general (agents-general) in Brussels, London, Mexico City, Munich, New York City, Paris and Tokyo; delegates
Quebec
First large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world
revise the EU Emissions Trading System Archived 30 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine, MEMO/08/35, Brussels, 23 January 2008 "Trends and Projections in Europe
European Union Emissions Trading System
European_Union_Emissions_Trading_System
can come in a number of forms. A regulation is a law that has direct effect; for example the roaming charges regulation which immediately set price limits
European Union legislative procedure
European_Union_legislative_procedure
Brined white cheese from Greece
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1829/2002. This decision was appealed again at CJEU by Denmark and Germany. In 2005, the CJEU upheld the Commission Regulation. It
Feta
Prime Minister of Belgium since 2025
Netanyahu to label him a "weak leader". On 23 October 2025, at a summit in Brussels with EU leaders and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, De Wever again
Bart_De_Wever
Technical standard for motor vehicles (WLTP)
on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012. Kågeson, Per (March 1998). "Cycle beating and the EU test for cycle for cars" (PDF). Brussels: European Federation
Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure
Worldwide_Harmonised_Light_Vehicles_Test_Procedure
Financial regulatory agency of the European Union
and interpreted across the European Union. In 2012, its competences were enhanced through the EU regulation on short selling and credit default swaps. The
European Securities and Markets Authority
European_Securities_and_Markets_Authority
Plan for EU accession to the ECHR
227/88 Baumbast and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] ECR I-7091 "A Tale of Two Courts: the relationship between the Court of Justice
European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights
European_Union_and_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights
Association football club in England
been involved in two major tragedies. At the 1985 European Cup final in Brussels, the Heysel Stadium disaster saw 39 fans – mainly Italian supporters of
Liverpool_F.C.
Overview of the European Union's institutional seats
Frankfurt am Main Brussels The seven institutions of the European Union (EU) are seated in four different cities, which are Brussels (Belgium), Frankfurt
Institutional seats of the European Union
Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union
Nuclear power station under construction in England
Station (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2017. "Brussels begins Hinkley
Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
Hinkley_Point_C_nuclear_power_station
Legislative act of the European Union
directive. There are justifications for using a directive rather than a regulation: (i) it complies with the EU's desire for "subsidiarity"; (ii) it acknowledges
Directive_(European_Union)
Aspect of football history
expanded to include 211 member associations and is governed by a set of regulations. The first official match between representatives of two nations was
History_of_FIFA
crash at Brussels on bird strike On May 25, 2008, Kalitta Air Flight 207, a 747-200F, suffered a bird strike during take-off from Brussels Airport, Belgium
List of accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Boeing_747
Swearing-in oath
investitures of the Netherlands (including that of the former King William I in Brussels) as well as the former Principality of Liège for inspiration. Consequently
Oath of the Kings of the Belgians
Oath_of_the_Kings_of_the_Belgians
Social customs and laws concerning drinking alcohol in public
City of Brussels (3 October 2025). "Alcohol ban in the centre of Brussels". Brussels.be. Retrieved 28 May 2026. Times, The Brussels. "Brussels bans public
Drinking_in_public
Entity speculated to be or become a superpower
has been called a "regulatory superpower" due to the Brussels effect, which suggests that regulations and standards applicable in the EU will also be adopted
Potential_superpower
Legal status of cannabis worldwide
on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2016. "S.I. No. 323/2014 – Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 2014". Irish Statute Book. Archived from the original
Legality_of_cannabis
Chemical compound
2016). "Explosive used in Brussels isn't hard to detect". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 28 January 2018. Genuth I, Fresco-Cohen L (6 November
Acetone_peroxide
Banking regulation framework
in financial regulation revealed by the 2008 financial crisis and builds upon the standards of Basel II, introduced in 2004, and Basel I, introduced in
Basel_III
European Union Association Agreement
Association Agreement (AA) was initialed[clarification needed] on 30 March 2012 in Brussels. The treatment and sentencing (considered by EU leaders as a politically
European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement
European_Union–Ukraine_Association_Agreement
American middle-distance runner (born 1994)
13. In Bloomington, Indiana in 2012, they finished in sixth place in a time of 4:29.52. Hiltz is a 6 time NCAA Division I All-American. Hiltz began a college
Nikki_Hiltz
Habsburg ruler, King of Castile in 1506
forced to follow Philip wherever he went. In October 1505, they were in Brussels. But after that, Charles was able to escape and start the war again. Philip
Philip_the_Handsome
European financial services company
(Euronext Paris), the Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam), Belgium (Euronext Brussels), Ireland (Euronext Dublin), Portugal (Euronext Lisbon), Italy (Borsa Italiana)
Euronext
surfaced. In July 2021, Indonesia's Supreme Court reversed a government regulation issued earlier that had allowed girls under 18 in state schools to not
Islamic veiling practices by country
Islamic_veiling_practices_by_country
Haitian revolutionary and first ruler (1758–1806)
as if they were again enslaved. Dessalines also believed in the tight regulation of foreign trade, encouraging merchants from Britain and the United States
Jean-Jacques_Dessalines
Community". "0466en01.pdf Direct Trade Regulation proposal, not yet implemented". "Procedure File: 2006/2012(INI) – Legislative Observatory – European
Special territories of members of the European Economic Area
Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area
Museum of European history in Brussels, Belgium
European History (HEH) is a history museum and cultural institution in Brussels, Belgium, focusing on the recent history of Europe. It is an initiative
House_of_European_History
Supranational political and economic union
(2007). Brussels, capital of Europe. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux. ISBN 978-2-9600414-6-0. Jordan, A.J.; Adelle, Camilla, eds. (2012). Environmental
European_Union
Disclosures of NSA and related global espionage
million Internet datasets. The NSA also monitored the European Commission in Brussels and monitored EU diplomatic Facilities in Washington and at the United
Snowden_disclosures
non-contiguous parts: Ixelles (Elsene) and Saint-Gilles (Sint-Gillis) in the Brussels Capital Region and Mesen in West Flanders. In Brazil: In Goiás: Sítio d'Abadia
List_of_enclaves_and_exclaves
Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" [Regulation of the FDHA on the directories of narcotics, psychotropic substances,
Legal status of ibogaine by country
Legal_status_of_ibogaine_by_country
boosted far-right political movements to cut immigration and curtail regulation of business in at least 18 countries on six continents since 2023. His
Political activities of Elon Musk
Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk
Football tournament qualifying stage
Frischer (Estonia) 21 March 2019 (2019-03-21) 20:45 King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels Attendance: 34,245 Referee: Ovidiu Hațegan (Romania) 24 March 2019 (2019-03-24)
UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying Group I
UEFA_Euro_2020_qualifying_Group_I
February 2025. "Code of Federal Regulations (Title 49-Transportation)" (PDF). gpo.gov. Government Printing Office. 2012. p. 626. Archived (PDF) from the
List of deadliest aircraft accidents and incidents
List_of_deadliest_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents
not impede competition. Although mergers must comply with policies and regulations set by the commission; certain mergers are exempt if they promote consumer
European_Union_merger_law
Polish politician (born 1967)
2025). "Polish politicians claim Russian drone incursion was 'staged'". Brussels Signal. Retrieved 25 September 2025. Tilles, Daniel (19 September 2025)
Grzegorz_Braun
Species of insect
2023-12-30. "Asian hornets alert in Belgium: warning to beekeepers". The Brussels Times. Belgium. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2024. Matyn, Joppe (4
Asian_hornet
European Union regulation
Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 282/2011 was adopted by the Council of the European Union on 15 March 2011. This was mainly because the terms
Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 282/2011
Council_Implementing_Regulation_(EU)_No._282/2011
BRUSSELS I-REGULATION-2012
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BRUSSELS I-REGULATION-2012
BRUSSELS I-REGULATION-2012
BRUSSELS I-REGULATION-2012
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BRUSSELS I-REGULATION-2012