Search references for BREAKING THE-CHAINS. Phrases containing BREAKING THE-CHAINS
See searches and references containing BREAKING THE-CHAINS!BREAKING THE-CHAINS
1981 studio album by Dokken
Breaking the Chains is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Dokken. It was originally released in Europe as Breakin' the Chains on the
Breaking_the_Chains_(album)
Topics referred to by the same term
(song), a 1982 single by Dokken "Breaking the Chains", a song from the 1981 album Recovery by Runrig Breaking the Chains (Pegazus album), a 2000 album by
Breaking_the_Chains
1983 single by Dokken
"Breaking the Chains" is a song by American heavy metal/glam metal band Dokken, appearing on the band's debut album of the same name. The song was originally
Breaking_the_Chains_(song)
Sculpture by Mel Edwards in San Diego, California, U.S.
Breaking of the Chains (1995) is an outdoor public art sculpture by Melvin Edwards, installed along Martin Luther King Jr. Promenade in San Diego, California
Breaking_of_the_Chains
American-Canadian popular science writer
com, Breaking the Chains of Gravity Lee, Robert A. (2016). "Book Review: Breaking the Chains of Gravity". National Space Society. Archived from the original
Amy_Shira_Teitel
Principle in English law
Breaking the chain (or novus actus interveniens, literally new intervening act) refers in English law to the idea that causal connections are deemed to
Breaking_the_chain
Cornish nationalist
matters to court, and the campaign was dropped. His books are: Breaking the chains: propaganda, censorship, deception and the manipulation of public
John_Angarrack
albums and 36 singles. "Breaking the Chains" (1983) "Just Got Lucky" (1984) "Into the Fire" (1984) "Alone Again" (1984) "The Hunter" (1985) "In My Dreams"
Dokken_discography
American glam metal band
Aufruhr (Between the Rhine and the uproar)", and "Gesetz (Law)". Promotional activities for the European release of Breaking the Chains included a German
Dokken
American film producer (born 1965)
Retrieved April 5, 2026. "Breaking the Chains: Jim Wahlberg's Journey to Faith". heedthecall.org. Retrieved April 4, 2026. "Out of the Ashes". Interfaith Broadcasting
Jim_Wahlberg
1984 studio album by Dokken
Elektra Records. After the unsuccessful US release of the band's 1983 debut album, Breaking the Chains, the record label was reluctant to give credit to Dokken
Tooth_and_Nail_(Dokken_album)
Swedish musician and songwriter (born 1978)
(2021) Back to Shore (2025) We Are Breaking the Chains (2018) "About Kristoffer". kristoffergildenlow.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. "Kristoffer
Kristoffer_Gildenlöw
drummer Bobby Blotzer. By the time they recorded their debut album Breaking the Chains, the band's lineup featured of Don Dokken as lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist
List_of_Dokken_band_members
British author, philosopher, and historian (born 1946)
(London: Zena, 1985) (ed), The Anarchist Writings of William Godwin (London: Freedom Press, 1986) Cuba Libre: Breaking the Chains? (London: Victor Gollancz
Peter Marshall (travel writer)
Peter_Marshall_(travel_writer)
American heavy metal singer
to the Scorpions." Meine recovered and returned to record the album. In 1983, America saw the release of the first Dokken album, Breaking the Chains, which
Don_Dokken
2012 single by Tasha Cobbs
"Break Every Chain" is a song performed by American recording artist Tasha Cobbs from her major-label debut studio album Grace (2013). The song was composed
Break_Every_Chain
Scottish folk rock band
from Ross-shire formed in 2005. The band have played throughout Europe and released their first album, Break The Chains, in 2019. Songwriting is done by
Torridon_(band)
2008 single by Tourbillon
"Break the Chain" is a song by Japanese rock band Tourbillon, and was the band's fifth and final single. It was released a year-and-a-half following the
Break_the_Chain
German bassist
Breaking The Chains, after regular bassist Juan Croucier "missed the deadline to get to Germany" for recording. Baltes reportedly recorded all the parts
Peter_Baltes
Genre of heavy metal music
album Kix, and Dokken (from Los Angeles) released their first album Breaking the Chains in Europe (later remixed for September 1983 re-release in USA). In
Glam_metal
American bassist
EP Back in the Streets and their 1981 LP, Breaking the Chains, for which he co-wrote two songs. His replacement, Jeff Pilson, appears in the title track
Juan_Croucier
Monument complex in Kruševo, North Macedonia
Pelagonija. The memorial complex also features a plateau with series of sculptures named "Breaking the Chains", symbolizing freedom won in the liberation
Ilinden_(memorial)
American political activist (1947–2016)
"August Rebellion and a historical moment in prisoner resistance – Breaking the Chains". breakingthechainsmag.org. Retrieved February 22, 2025. "DYKE A
Afeni_Shakur
American actress (born 1972)
October 20, 2010. [1] Archived April 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine "Michelle Renee: Breaking The Chains of Domestic Violence". Huffington Post. October
Julie_Benz
Topics referred to by the same term
(Gilmore Girls), the eleventh episode of Gilmore Girls' first season "Paris Is Burning", a song from the 1983 album Breaking the Chains by Dokken Paris
Paris_Is_Burning
American alternative metal band
Alice in Chains (often abbreviated as AiC) is an American rock band formed in Seattle in 1987. Since 2006, the band's lineup has consisted of vocalist/guitarists
Alice_in_Chains
American actor (born 1947)
STORY : Breaking the Chains : Edward James Olmos' anger over 'cancer' of the gang subculture fuels his film 'American Me,' about life in the barrio--and
Edward_James_Olmos
American crime drama TV series (2008–2013)
Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie, a sequel film starring Paul, was released on Netflix and in selected theaters on October 11, 2019. Breaking Bad follows
Breaking_Bad
2021 Christian biographical drama film
Break Every Chain is a 2021 American Christian biographical drama film directed and co-written by Tim Searfoss and based on the autobiographical novel
Break_Every_Chain_(film)
Slovenian postage stamp series
breaking the chains. The scene symbolizes the liberation of the Slavic peoples from Austria-Hungary. The values on the stamps were presented in the units
Verigar_issue
1993 film directed by Taylor Hackford
STORY : Breaking the Chains : Edward James Olmos' anger over 'cancer' of the gang subculture fuels his film 'American Me,' about life in the barrio--and
Blood_In_Blood_Out
2009 television movie
Prison Break: The Final Break is a television film that is part of the Prison Break franchise. The movie was released on May 27, 2009. It serves as the initial
Prison_Break:_The_Final_Break
2007 live album by Dokken
1981, before the band released its first album Breaking the Chains. However, the performance is more likely to be from December 1983, as the set list exactly
From_Conception:_Live_1981
Former museum in Bristol, England
The museum's Breaking the Chains exhibition, funded by a £1m Heritage Lottery grant to mark the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the British Transatlantic
British Empire and Commonwealth Museum
British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Museum
American activist
from the bonds of unholy matrimony". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 March 2017. Reiss, Fraidy (25 April 2012). "Fraidy Reiss: Breaking The Chains Of Religious
Fraidy_Reiss
American rapper (born 1965)
magazine, KRS-One says: "People say the chain was taken off our feet and hands and put onto our minds. Break that chain of slave mentality." KRS-One also
KRS-One
2015 book by Richie Venton
Break the Chains a book by Scottish socialist and trade unionist Richie Venton. It was published on 17 December 2015 by the Scottish Socialist Party (SSP)
Break_the_Chains_(book)
2025 studio album by the Rasmus
Music Scandinavia. The album has had six of its ten songs released as singles. "Rest in Pieces" "Creatures of Chaos" "Break These Chains" "Love Is a Bitch"
Weirdo_(The_Rasmus_album)
American singer (born 1978)
exclusively on the music streaming platform Tidal called "Chains" (featuring Nas and Bibi Bourelly). "Chains" literally forces the viewer to confront the issue
Usher_(musician)
2016 studio album by Sum 41
taking a break from touring in 2013 to begin work on a new record. On April 18, 2013, drummer Steve Jocz announced he would be leaving the band via his
13_Voices
American rock band
joined Breaking Benjamin. In early 2002, over a dozen record companies visited a two-night showcase where Breaking Benjamin was playing, and the group
Breaking_Benjamin
American teacher, historian and author (1927–2019)
and writing on the 500-year history of relations between African Americans and Native Americans. His books include Breaking the Chains: African American
William_Loren_Katz
American actor
2020[user-generated source] Bekasr taa (Breaking the Chains) (TV Series 2019– ) - IMDb, retrieved October 20, 2020 Bekasr taa (Breaking the Chains) (Documentary), Rawaa
Luca_Bercovici
2005 US/UK documentary film by Owen 'Alik Shahadah
in the category of Best Documentary, including the UNESCO "Breaking the Chains" award. It has won other awards including Best Documentary at the Pan
500_Years_Later
1977 song by Fleetwood Mac
all felt that "The Chain" could be molded into their sound. Tantric's cover of "The Chain" was produced by long-time Alice in Chains producer Toby Wright
The_Chain
Academy of Culture. 1975. Page 578. Heri Akhmadi, 2009. Breaking the Chains of Oppression of the Indonesian People. ISBN 978-602-8397-41-4. Equinox 2009
National_emblem_of_Indonesia
Random process independent of past history
chain to drive the level of volatility of asset returns. Dynamic macroeconomics makes heavy use of Markov chains. An example is using Markov chains to
Markov_chain
Aspect of English law
Whether the acts of a third party break the chain of causation depends on whether the intervention was foreseeable. The general rule is that the original
Causation_in_English_law
American hardcore punk band
"Wisdom in chains, unlocked too late". Originally, Wisdom in Chains started as an international collaboration between members of Daredevil in the Netherlands
Wisdom_in_Chains
Musical artist
(2007) Happiness is the Road (2011) 20 years of avoiding a job (2011) Theater Of Grief (2021) We Are Breaking The Chains (2018) The Barrel House Tapes
Dirk_Bruinenberg
Diseases of humans caused by a pathogen
to break the chain of transmission", climate change is one of the 7 human-related causes of the increase in the number of zoonotic diseases. The University
Zoonosis
American gospel musician (born 1981)
with the hit lead single "Break Every Chain". The album reached No. 61 on the Billboard charts.[clarification needed] Her biggest hit song was "Break Every
Tasha_Cobbs_Leonard
Process breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler ones
rearranging and breaking hydrocarbon chains as well as adding hydrogen to aromatics and olefins to produce naphthenes and alkanes. The major products from
Cracking_(chemistry)
Indian Administrative Service Officer, medical doctor, and author
to her prominent role in the #BreakTheChain awareness campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 12 July 2021, Iyer became the 36th district collector of
Divya_S._Iyer
American actress (born 1951)
homeless and animal shelters. She was the executive producer for Breaking the Chain, a 2020 documentary about the PETA fieldworkers who try to help neglected
Anjelica_Huston
1985 studio album by Dokken
debuting on the Billboard Comprehensive Music Videos chart at No. 27. "Into The Fire" "Just Got Lucky" "Breaking The Chains" "Alone Again" "The Hunter" "In
Under_Lock_and_Key
Indian television series
for a prominent jail sequence, wherein she had to run away breaking the chains. However, she ended up injuring her head while shooting for it. Nevertheless
Adhuri_Kahaani_Hamari
Polish-American actor (born 1992)
performance in the feature film Break Every Chain as Police Officer Jonathan Hickory. He's starred in multiple made for TV films such as the Lifetime original
Ignacyo_Matynia
American drummer
to the East Live (2016) and contributed to the songwriting of several tracks, including "Nightrider" and "Seven Thunders" from Breaking the Chains (1981)
Mick_Brown_(musician)
Process for removing yellowing from ABS plastic
excessive heat, which causes photo-oxidation of polymers that breaks polymer chains and causes the plastic to yellow and become brittle. Retrobright consists
Retrobright
2015 single by Usher featuring Nas and Bibi Bourelly
to discuss their commitment to "Breaking the Chains of Social Injustice." During the discussion Usher explained the importance of speaking out against
Chains_(Usher_song)
Letter written in succession by a group of people
mail the letter to five others, warning of misfortune for breaking the chain. It soon swamped the Denver post office with up to 100,000 letters per day before
Chain_letter
Allegory by Plato
that the people are afraid to break their chains and embrace the light. In a 2018 episode of the FX television series Legion, the allegory of the cave
Allegory_of_the_cave
Martin A. (1993). "The Demise of Corvée and Slavery in Thailand". Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. University
Slavery_in_Thailand
Arising Def Leppard – Pyromania Demon – The Plague Diamond Head – Canterbury Dio – Holy Diver Dokken – Breaking the Chains (US release) Earthshaker – Earthshaker
1983_in_heavy_metal_music
American guitarist, singer and songwriter (born 1966)
as the founder, lead guitarist, co-lead singer, and main songwriter of the rock band Alice in Chains. The band rose to international fame in the early
Jerry_Cantrell
German record producer
(producer, song writing) Dark Avenger – Tales of Avalon: The Lament (mixer) Dokken – Breaking the Chains (producer) Dokken – Tooth and Nail (mixer) Dokken –
Michael_Wagener
2011 studio album by Lupe Fiasco
on the Billboard Hot 100 and has been certified double Platinum in the US. The latter, however, only achieved moderate success on the Hot 100. The album
Lasers_(album)
2003 compilation album by Dokken
Brown) - 3:48 "Jaded Heart" (Pilson, Lynch, Dokken, Brown) - 4:18 "Breaking the Chains" (Dokken, Lynch) - 3:50 Don Dokken - lead vocals, additional guitars
Alone_Again_and_Other_Hits
1995 studio album by Alice in Chains
Alice in Chains (informally referred to as the Dog Album, Dog Record, or Tripod) is the third studio album by the American rock band Alice in Chains. It was
Alice_in_Chains_(album)
2026 soundtrack album by Charli XCX
Hear "Chains of Love"". Stereogum. Retrieved 16 November 2025. Pappis, Konstantinos (13 November 2025). "Charli XCX Shares New Single 'Chains of Love'"
Wuthering Heights (soundtrack)
Wuthering_Heights_(soundtrack)
1987 single by Dokken
album Breaking the Chains. Don Dokken performed the song acoustically at the 30th anniversary event for A Nightmare on Elm Street 3. In 2018, the song
Dream_Warriors_(song)
Topics referred to by the same term
"Night Rider", by the Hondells, 1964 "Night Rider", by Joji from Smithereens, 2022 "Nightrider", by Dokken from Breaking the Chains, 1981 "Nightrider"
Night_Rider
Cast of neo-Western crime media franchise
Breaking Bad is a crime drama franchise created by American filmmaker Vince Gilligan. It started with the television series Breaking Bad (2008–13), and
List of characters in the Breaking Bad franchise
List_of_characters_in_the_Breaking_Bad_franchise
medieval Spanish naval leader best known for breaking a river barricade, leading to the capture of Seville from the Almohad Caliphate. Bonifaz made his fortune
Ramón_de_Bonifaz
American professional wrestler (born 1959)
Illustrated. The feud was often fought in steel cage Russia chain matches, with lights-out stipulations. The Russian 'chain match', using thicker chains than
Nikita_Koloff
Topological interaction between long polymer chains that constrains their motion
a chain entanglement is a topological interaction that occurs when polymer chains become long enough that they cannot pass through one another. The chains
Chain_entanglement
1983 studio album by Raven
of the tracks recorded. Tracks 11–13, which were added to the CD re-issue, were taken from "Break the Chain", Raven's single released around the same
All_for_One_(Raven_album)
Global campaign to end violence against women
produced a music video entitled "Break the Chain" to accompany the campaign. Around 5,000 organizations had joined the campaign, which has also been aided
One_Billion_Rising
American author (born 1982)
He wrote and produced the 2005 documentary 500 Years Later, a documentary about slavery which received the Breaking the Chains Award from UNESCO. Asante
M._K._Asante
2025 single by Charli XCX
"Chains of Love" is a song by British singer Charli XCX. It was released to the public on 13 November 2025 through Atlantic Records with an accompanying
Chains of Love (Charli XCX song)
Chains_of_Love_(Charli_XCX_song)
German songwriter and manager
in 1981, which eventually led to Dokken's debut Breaking the Chains. Hoffmann wrote the lyrics for the song "All of My Heart" on German heavy metal band
Gaby_Hoffmann_(songwriter)
Indian bodybuilder, strongman, and wrestler (1883–1942)
teachers in Physical Education. In 1911 he displayed his skills of breaking steel chains, stopping motor cars and allowing elephant to pass over his chest
Kodi_Rammurthy_Naidu
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
chain is a long-chain n-alkane. There are also branched macromolecules with a main chain and side chains, in the case of polyethylene the side chains
Polymer
1992 American legal drama film by Rob Reiner
after breaking the chain of command to ask for a transfer. The base's second-in-command, Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Markinson advocated for it, but the base
A_Few_Good_Men
Regular and periodic mutual gravitational influence of orbiting bodies
F. (2017). "Breaking the chains: hot super-Earth systems from migration and disruption of compact resonant chains". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Orbital_resonance
Oral sex on the penis by a sexual partner
2010-10-01. "Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission" (PDF). World
Fellatio
1956 English medical negligence court case
situations of medical negligence following a wounding are those of breaking the chain of causation (across much of Europe termed a novus actus interveniens)
R_v_Jordan
2011 Chinese film by Jackie Chan
Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Hong Kong: MRC Media & Info. Retrieved 2 December 2020. Saltz, Rachel (6 October 2011). "Breaking the Chains of Chinese
1911_(film)
Children's game
name Kettenreißen (literally chain breaking or chain bursting). Alternative names are Kettensprengen and Kettenbrechen. The same team game was described
Red_Rover
2004 compilation album by Dokken
3:45 "Change the World" - 4:35 "It's Not Love" (unplugged) - 5:22 "Maddest Hatter" - 4:38 "Goodbye My Friend" - 4:05 "Breaking the Chains" (live) - 4:14
Change the World: An Introduction
Change_the_World:_An_Introduction
- 5:33 "Shadows of Life" - 4:05 "The Maze" - 5:14 "Long Way Home" - 5:38 "Breaking the Chains" - 4:13 "Unchain the Night" - 6:26 "Nothing Left to Say"
Japan_Live_'95
2010 compilation album by Dokken
Lynch, Jeff Pilson) - 4:35 "Breaking the Chains" (Don Dokken, Lynch) - 3:51 "Into the Fire" (Dokken, Lynch, Pilson) - 4:29 "The Hunter" (Dokken, Lynch, Pilson
Greatest_Hits_(Dokken_album)
1976 song by Fleetwood Mac
Productions/Daniel Television 1997 Hanson, Amy (21 November 1997). "Never Break the Chain - Goldmine". In Egan, Sean (ed.). Fleetwood Mac on Fleetwood Mac: Interviews
Silver_Springs_(song)
2017 film by Steven Spielberg
the film is a "masterpiece". The film portrays the original role that The New York Times had in breaking the Pentagon Papers and then emphasizes The Washington
The_Post_(film)
Main square of Santiago, Chile
Freedom, with a woman breaking the chains of a native woman. It is made of Carrara marble and sculpted by Francesco Orselino. The monument replaced a bronze
Plaza_de_Armas_(Santiago)
but peaked at number 32 on the Hot Rock & Alternative Airplay chart. List of songs recorded by Alice in Chains "Alice In Chains Official Music Videos (1989-2019)"
Alice_in_Chains_discography
1995 Counting Crows single
stupid and brutal. If you don't find a way to break the chain and change in some way, then you wind up, as the rhyme goes: a murder of one, for sorrow." "Murder"
A_Murder_of_One
Russian biochemist (born 1965)
develop the use of stable isotopes to stabilize essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) against lipid peroxidation. Breaking the Chains of Aging
Mikhail_Shchepinov
American hard rock band
and Nail", "Breaking the Chains", "Wicked Sensation", and more. It also includes professionally filmed live performances recorded during the 2005 REvolution
Lynch_Mob_(band)
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
Boy/Male
Biblical
Breaking the law.
Girl/Female
Greek American
Goddess; godly. Also as abbreviation of names like Althea and Dorothea. The mythological Thea was...
Biblical
breaking the law
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Middle English word tye, TYE means "pasture."
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name THI means "poem."
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reed.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Breaking, hope.
Female
German
Pet form of German Kätharina, KÄTHE means "pure."
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name THU means "autumn."
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Splitting; Breaking
Biblical
breaking; hope
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from the county seat of Berkshire, which gets its name from Old English Rēadingas ‘people of Rēad(a)’, a byname meaning ‘red’.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a clearing, an unattested Old English ryding.
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : variant of Tye.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Breaking; Splitting
Male
English
Short form of English Theodore, THEO means "gift of God," and other names beginning with Theo-.
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name TSE means "rock."
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight)
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight) : habitational name from a place on the Isle of Wight named Brading, from Old English brerd ‘hillside’ + -ingas ‘dwellers at’, i.e. ‘(settlement of) the dwellers on the hillside’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Brookins. This is the most frequent form of the surname in the British Isles.
Boy/Male
English
From the enclosure.
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
Girl/Female
Tamil
Flute, Name of Radha Rani
Girl/Female
Hindu
Wealthy, Happy
Girl/Female
Scandinavian
Abbreviation of Katherine. Pure.
Girl/Female
Tamil
A devoted one, Tender, Woman of magdala, To be present in latent
Boy/Male
Tamil
Real
Boy/Male
Indian, Marathi
One who can Fulfill All Wish of Others
Girl/Female
Latin
From the vale.
Male
African
he with the boiling stare.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Happy
Boy/Male
Irish
Derived from fear “â€manâ€â€ and gus “â€strengthâ€â€ and signifies “â€a strong warrior, virile.â€â€ According to the legend of the Cattle Raid of Cooley (read the legend) Fergus was the king of Ulster and his lover, the cunning Nessa, duped him into letting her son Conchobhar rule in his place for a year so that in years to come her son could be called “â€the son of a king.â€â€ Fergus consented but after the year Conchobhar refused to relinquish the throne and so Fergus joined Maebh in her battle against Ulster, his native province.
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
BREAKING THE-CHAINS
n.
The act or process of generating or bearing.
a.
Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind.
n.
The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; as, the beading of a brand of whisky.
n.
A mark to indicate aspiration or its absence. See Rough breathing, Smooth breathing, below.
n.
Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss.
v. i.
See Thee.
n.
The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.
a.
Seeming to be capable of speech; hence, lifelike; as, a speaking likeness.
n.
The act, power, or time of producing or giving birth; as, a tree in full bearing; a tree past bearing.
n.
The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; as, farmers should pay attention to breeding.
n.
Breathing place; vent.
a.
Mean; sneaking.
n.
Direct, forcible, and effective speaking.
adv.
By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform.
n.
The horizontal bracing of a bridge, which prevents its swaying.
n.
Improperly, the unsupported span; as, the beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports.
n.
Pulsation; throbbing; as, the beating of the heart.
n.
A breaking in; inroad; invasion.
a.
Uttering speech; used for conveying speech; as, man is a speaking animal; a speaking tube.