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Functional tissue of the brain
Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is the structural stroma that includes connective tissue such as
Brain_cell
Primary cell of the nervous system
light that affect the cells of the sensory organs, and they send signals to the spinal cord and then to the sensorial area in the brain. Motor neurons receive
Neuron
Organ central to the nervous system
species are composed primarily of two broad classes of brain cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several
Brain
Mail art project
Brain Cell Repulsion is a mail art project begun by Ryosuke Cohen in June 1985. The project is a networked art project where individual artists contribute
Brain_Cell_Repulsion
Type of brain cell
κύτος, kútos, "cavity", "cell"), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They perform
Astrocyte
Semipermeable capillary interface between blood and the brain
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between
Blood–brain_barrier
Central organ of the human nervous system
supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. Brain activity is made possible
Human_brain
Surgical procedure
Foetal brain cell graft is a surgical procedure that can be used as a regenerative treatment for various neurological conditions, but was mainly explored
Foetal_brain_cell_graft
Support-cells in the nervous system
dictionary. Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and in the peripheral
Glia
Preserved brain of the scientist
intelligence. Studies have suggested an increased number of glial cells in Einstein's brain. Einstein's autopsy was conducted in the lab of Thomas Stoltz
Brain_of_Albert_Einstein
Glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord
glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia account for about around 5–10% of cells found within
Microglia
Computer composed of organic material
applied biorobotics. Cells in many ways can be seen as their form of naturally occurring wetware, similar to the concept that the human brain is the preexisting
Wetware_computer
Visceral tissue found inside organs of animals
needed] The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells. It is also
Parenchyma
American medical institution
Allen Institute conducts large-scale basic science research studying the brain, cells and immune system in an effort to accelerate science and disease research
Allen_Institute
Theoretical medical procedure in which the brain is placed into a different body
A brain transplant, brain cell transplant, or whole-body transplant is a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of
Brain_transplant
Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types
List_of_human_cell_types
Destruction or degeneration of brain cells
Brain injury, also known as brain damage or neurotrauma, is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. It may result from external trauma, such as
Brain_injury
Canadian thrash metal band
Dead Brain Cells, often abbreviated as DBC, are a Canadian thrash metal band that was initially active from 1986 to 1991, and they have reunited occasionally
Dead_Brain_Cells
Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In cellular neuroscience, the soma (pl.: somata or somas; from Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or cell body, is the bulbous
Soma_(biology)
Swiss brain research initiative
networks using algebraic topology. In 2018, Blue Brain Project released its first digital 3D brain cell atlas which, according to ScienceDaily, is like
Blue_Brain_Project
Neoplasm in the brain
A brain tumor (sometimes referred to as brain cancer) occurs when a group of cells within the brain grow out of control, creating a mass. There are two
Brain_tumor
Artificial miniature brain like organ
brain. Neural organoids are created by culturing pluripotent stem cells into a three-dimensional culture that can be maintained for years. The brain is
Cerebral_organoid
Set of neuroscience techniques
and function of the brain and spinal cord through the use of imaging, immunohistochemistry, molecular & optogenetics, stem cell and cellular biology
Brain_mapping
Group of fictional characters in Marvel Comics
himself up as their king and forced them to fight for the right to live. Brain Cell - A mutant with telepathy. Current whereabouts and status unknown. Marilou
Morlocks_(comics)
Condition that affects the arteries that supply the brain
vascularized area within an unborn infant's brain from which brain cells, including neurons and glial cells, originate. Infants are at most risk to germinal
Cerebrovascular_disease
Part of an animal that coordinates actions and senses
nerves do not lie entirely within the nerves themselves—their cell bodies reside within the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral ganglia. All animals more advanced
Nervous_system
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
results in an abnormal mutant protein (mHTT), which gradually damages brain cells through a number of possible mechanisms. The mutant protein is dominant
Huntington's_disease
Myth regarding human brain usage
100 percent of the brain". Although several parts of the brain have broadly understood functions, the manner in which brain cells (i.e. neurons and glia)
Ten-percent-of-the-brain_myth
specific group of cells. SLAVs occurrence in the brain is estimated to be of 0.58–1 SLAVs per cell and to involve 44–63% of the brain cells.[citation needed]
Human_somatic_variation
Stroke resulting from lack of blood flow
that can lead to cell death through one or more pathways. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI scanning will show damaged area in the brain. A CT scan will
Cerebral_infarction
Lining of the ventricular system of the brain
ependyma is made up of ependymal cells called ependymocytes, a type of glial cell. These cells line the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the
Ependyma
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
tiny granule cells, the cerebellum contains more neurons than the total from the rest of the brain, but takes up only 10% of the total brain volume. The
Cerebellum
Fringe hypothesis
effects, interacting in smaller features of the brain than cells, may play an important part in the brain's function and could explain critical aspects of
Quantum_mind
Scientific study of the nervous system
general conclusions about cell types; for example that the human and mouse brain have different versions of fundamentally the same cell types. Basic questions
Neuroscience
2006 Polish film
Yob, or The Last Brain Cell (Polish: Job, czyli ostatnia szara komórka) is a 2006 Polish comedy film directed by Konrad Niewolski. The film is a set of
Yob,_or_The_Last_Brain_Cell
Oxygen shortage of the brain
cerebral ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis, resulting in a hypoxic brain injury. Cases of total oxygen deprivation are termed
Cerebral_hypoxia
Hypothetical neuron that responds to a single concept
studied these and other cells, eventually resulting in their widely known 1959 paper "What the frog’s eye tells the frog’s brain." Around 1969, Lettvin
Grandmother_cell
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
hypothesis". Brain. 123 Pt 12 (12): 2373–2399. doi:10.1093/brain/123.12.2373. PMID 11099442. "Scientists identify a new kind of human brain cell". Allen Institute
Cerebral_cortex
Neuroscientific theory
neurons involves the use of non-physiological experimental stimulation of brain cells. However, some of the physiologically relevant synapse modification mechanisms
Hebbian_theory
Overview of animal and human brain evolution
of the brain is the progressive development and complexity of neural structures over millions of years, resulting in the diverse range of brain sizes and
Evolution_of_the_brain
Type of malignant cancer
cancers). Symptomatic metastasis of SCCP to the brain is rare, and carries a poor prognosis. Small-cell carcinoma of the lung usually presents in the central
Small-cell_carcinoma
Mouse brain-cell line
is a mouse brain cell line derived from BALB/c mice. The cell line is commonly used in vascular research and studies of endothelial brain tissue. In particular
BEnd.3
Replacement of broken-down proteins
in brain cells the same as any other eukaryotic cells, but that "knowledge of those aspects of control and regulation specific or peculiar to brain is
Protein_turnover
Topics referred to by the same term
Brain damage is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage or Brain Damage may also refer to: Brain Damage (film), a 1988 comedy horror
Brain_damage_(disambiguation)
Australian biotechnology company
on living human cells". New Atlas. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 8 March 2026. Kalil, Mike (2 November 2025). "Powered by Human Brain Cells: Cortical Labs CL-1
Cortical_Labs
Controlling biological cells with light
or other cell types with light. This is achieved by expression of light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes in the target brain cells. A specialization
Optogenetics
Cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body
secondary brain tumor. The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer
Brain_metastasis
Research institute based in Seattle, WA, USA
for Brain Science is a scientific division of the Allen Institute, a nonprofit research organization that also includes the Allen Institute for Cell Science
Allen Institute for Brain Science
Allen_Institute_for_Brain_Science
Quantum interpretation of neuroscience
Holonomic brain theory is a branch of neuroscience investigating the idea that consciousness is formed by quantum effects in or between brain cells. Holonomic
Holonomic_brain_theory
American animated television series
to replace Leah Estrogen after forever leaving her and Frank; and the Brain Cell Advisors (voiced by Pat Fraley), advisors who help Mayor Spryman run the
Ozzy_&_Drix
Chinese-American neuroscientist and stem cell biologist
brain cells were not as stable as previously thought. They found that the cells underwent large-scale dynamic changes as a result of stimulated brain
Hongjun_Song
Manhwa series
her brain cells, tiny blue-hooded cells that control her every mood, thought, and action. Yumi's Block Pang Yumi's Cells: My Dream House Yumi's Cells: The
Yumi's_Cells_(webtoon)
Permanent loss of brain function
Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function, which may include cessation of involuntary activity (e.g., breathing)
Brain_death
Spanish neuroscientist who discovered Microglia (1882–1945)
Spanish neuroscientist who first distinguished microglia from the other brain cell types. Río Hortega was born in Portillo, Valladolid on 5 May 1882. He
Pío_del_Río_Hortega
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
three brain regions are outlined below. Hippocampus: The hippocampus is responsible for learning and memory processes. In AS models, hippocampal cell function
Angelman_syndrome
Any biological cell forming the body of an organism
In cellular biology, a somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular
Somatic_cell
Field of study in computer science and biology
biological wetware computing using 3D cultures of human brain cells (or brain organoids) and brain-machine interface technologies. Such technologies may
Organoid_intelligence
Region of the hippocampus in the brain
during brain development. In rats, approximately 85% of the granule cells are generated after birth. In humans, it is estimated that granule cells begin
Dentate_gyrus
High sodium concentration in the blood
to flow into brain cells and causes them to swell. This can lead to cerebral edema, potentially resulting in seizures, permanent brain damage, or death
Hypernatremia
2005 German film
Yegor's brain cells coexist in the same head. Six months later, William has returned to the U.S. and is still sharing his body with Yegor's brain now completely
Man_with_the_Screaming_Brain
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve
the whiskers to the brain. Cell bodies of the whisker primary afferents are found here. These afferents are mechanoreceptor cells that fire in response
Trigeminal_ganglion
Classification of disease severity
obtained by performing an autopsy of the brain. The main pathological characteristic of Parkinson's disease is cell death in the substantia nigra. In particular
Braak_staging
Use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2024[update], the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic
Stem-cell_therapy
Aggressive type of brain cancer
very large before producing symptoms. Since the function of glial cells in the brain is to support neurons, they have the ability to divide, to enlarge
Glioblastoma
Disease of the brain or spinal cord
vessel ruptures, causing blood to leak to the brain. If the brain cannot get enough oxygen and blood, brain cells can die, leading to permanent damage. The
Central nervous system disease
Central_nervous_system_disease
Brain parts regulating brain blood flow
function properly, the brain must receive glucose for energy metabolism in specific areas, quantities, and times. Unlike muscle cells, which can deplete and
Neurovascular_unit
Nerve cell that converts environmental stimuli into corresponding internal stimuli
interpreted by the brain. This mechanoelectrical transduction is mediated with hair cells within the ear. Depending on the movement, the hair cell can either
Sensory_neuron
Endogenous regeneration in the brain is the ability of cells to engage in the repair and regeneration process. While the brain has a limited capacity for
Endogenous_regeneration
Formation of the folds of the brain's cerebral cortex
gyrification is thought to be increased speed of brain cell communication, since cortical folds allow for cells to be closer to one other, requiring less time
Gyrification
Ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum
the Primate Brain". Cell. 169 (6): 1013–1028.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.011. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 8088389. PMID 28575666. "How the brain distinguishes
Visual_perception
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
cells will regenerate the tumor. Conversely, the surgeon must not remove healthy brain cells since that would leave the patient with impaired brain function
Precision_and_recall
Body part used for neuroscience research
mouse and human brain are 90% identical. Transgenic mouse lines also allow neuroscientists to specifically target the labeling of certain cell types to probe
Mouse_brain
Paired structure within the brain temporal lobe
the brain. The chief nuclei are the basolateral complex, the central nucleus, the cortical nucleus, the medial nucleus, and the intercalated cell clusters
Amygdala
Type of neuroepithelial cell
farthest from the brain) is the axon terminal, which releases a neurotransmitter called glutamate to bipolar cells. Farther back is the cell body, which contains
Photoreceptor_cell
Tumor of the glial cells of the brain or spine
glial cells of the brain or spinal cord. Gliomas comprise about 30% of all brain and central nervous system tumors and 80% of all malignant brain tumors
Glioma
Degradation of functioning of the brain
Aging brain refers to biological and functional changes that occur in the brain as individuals advance in age. It encompasses both the normal alterations
Aging_brain
Condition of not having enough sleep
permanent loss of brain cells. The negative effects of sleep deprivation on alertness and cognitive performance suggest decreases in brain activity and function
Sleep_deprivation
Toxic effects on the nervous system
eventually disrupt or even kill neurons, which are cells that transmit and process signals in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Boston University brain injury research center
and the protein called tau, which slowly forms clumps in the brain that kill brain cells. This often results in subjects experiencing depression, anxiety
Boston University CTE Center and Brain Bank
Boston_University_CTE_Center_and_Brain_Bank
Brain precursor structures
stem cells in a region called the neuroepithelium or ventricular zone. These neural stem cells divide rapidly, driving growth of the early brain, but
Brain_vesicle
Brain cell database and website
different types of cells in the central nervous system originate from varying gene expression. A map of gene expression in the brain allows researchers
Allen_Brain_Atlas
Neurological dysfunction shortly after birth
flow to the brain. The result is "encephalopathy" which refers to damaged brain cells. Encephalopathy is a nonspecific response of the brain to injury which
Neonatal_encephalopathy
Brain of birds
striatum, due to a similar composition to that part of the brain. However, it also contains brain cells from the pallidum. Area X is activated most strongly
Avian_brain
Comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain
indispensable basis for the mechanistic interpretation of dynamic brain data, from single-cell recordings to functional neuroimaging. The terms connectome and
Connectome
Therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient
investigations are ongoing in articular cartilage, brain tissue, spine, heart, cancers, etc. As a consequence cell therapy as a strategy has been attracting significant
Cell_therapy
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
interfere with normal cell function, and over time lead to irreversible degeneration of neurons and loss of synaptic connections in the brain. A probable diagnosis
Alzheimer's_disease
American biomedical research organization
prevent the destruction of brain cells, and how the p75 neurotrophin receptor —a protein involved in the development of brain cells— plays unexpected roles
Gladstone_Institutes
Cable-like bundle of axons
one on the right. Each Mauthner cell has an axon that crosses over, innervating (stimulating) neurons at the same brain level and then travelling down
Nerve
Region outside each lateral ventricle of the brain
neural progenitor cells, which divide to produce neurons in the process of neurogenesis. The primary neural stem cells of the brain and spinal cord, termed
Subventricular_zone
American geneticist
1950) is an American geneticist known for his discovery of stem cells in the adult human brain. Gage is a former president (2018–2023) of the Salk Institute
Fred_Gage
Thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex
granule cells form the thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and are among the smallest neurons in the brain. (The term granule cell is used for
Cerebellar_granule_cell
Auditory sensory receptor nerve cells
hair cells. The neurotransmitter released by hair cells that stimulates the terminal neurites of peripheral axons of the afferent (towards the brain) neurons
Hair_cell
blood–brain barrier—a protective shield that keeps harmful substances out of the brain. The blood-brain barrier is made up of endothelial cells, pericytes
Mural_cell
Hematoma usually associated with traumatic brain injury
ultimately lead to brain cell death. Subdural hematomas grow continually larger as a result of the pressure they place on the brain: As intracranial pressure
Subdural_hematoma
Connection between brain and computer
A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication link between the brain's electrical activity
Brain–computer_interface
Precursor cells of neurons and glia during embryonic development
development. Some neural progenitor stem cells persist in highly restricted regions in the adult vertebrate brain and continue to produce neurons throughout
Neural_stem_cell
Excess accumulation of fluid in the brain
edema is linked to cell death in the brain through excessive cellular swelling. During cerebral ischemia for example, the blood–brain barrier remains intact
Cerebral_edema
Generation of cells within the nervous system
interneurons that help the brain communicate with these sensory cells. The majority of those interneurons are inhibitory granule cells, but a small number are
Neurogenesis
Death of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow
medical condition in which blood flow to a part of the brain is reduced or blocked causing cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due
Stroke
Specialized neuron in the cerebellum
cerebellar cortex of the brain. With their flask-shaped cell bodies, many branching dendrites, and a single long axon, these cells are essential for controlling
Purkinje_cell
BRAIN CELL
BRAIN CELL
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Telugu
Rain; Grain
Male
Arthurian
, (king; raven); Bran the Blessed.
Male
Irish
 Irish name BRAN means "raven." In mythology (from Voyage of Bran), this is the name of a mariner who went on a quest to the Other World. Compare with other forms of Bran.
Female
English
Modern English name, either derived from from the vocabulary word, or a revival of the medieval English personal name Rayne, RAIN means "queen." Compare with masculine Rain.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps, as Reaney suggests, a variant of Brand.Possibly a respelling of German Braun.
Female
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh unisex Bryn, BRIN means "hill."
Male
Irish
 Irish name derived from Celtic Brigonos, BRIAN means "high hill." Compare with another form of Brian.
Male
Welsh
 Welsh name BRAN means "crow" or "raven." In mythology, this is the name of a giant king of Britain known as Bran the Blessed, who was killed attacking Ireland. Compare with other forms of Bran.
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Dreain ‘descendant of Drean’, a byname possibly from dreán ‘wren’. The name is also found in Scotland.Irish (Cork) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Druacháin (see Drohan).English : from Middle English dreine ‘drain’, ‘ditch’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a ditch digger or a topographic name.English : variant spelling of Drane.French : reduced form of Derain, from Old French dererain ‘last’, hence a nickname for the youngest son of a family.French : habitational name from a place in Maine-et-Loire called Drain.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the old Scottish Gaelic personal name Bláán, BLAIN means "little yellow one."
Male
English
 Short form of English Brandon, BRAN means "broom-covered hill," and other names beginning with Bran-. Compare with other forms of Bran.
Male
Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese form of Latin Blasius, BRAIS means "talks with a lisp."Â
Male
English
 Old French derogatory byname derived from the Old Occitan word brian, BRIAN means "maggot." Compare with another form of Brian.
Boy/Male
Celtic
Raven.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : topographic name for someone who lived near an ash tree or ash wood, from Old French fraisne, fresne ‘ash’ (Latin fraxinus).French : habitational name from a place in Vosges named Frain.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : metonymic occupational name for a trapper or hunter, from Middle English trayne, Old French traine ‘guile’, ‘snare’, ‘trap’.English (Devon) : topographic name from Middle English atte trewen ‘at the trees’, or a habitational name from any of the places named with this phrase, for example Train, Traine, or Trewyn, all in Devon.
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : from a personal name based on Middle Dutch bruun ‘brown’, or a nickname referring to the color of the hair or complexion. See also Braun.English : of uncertain origin. Reaney suggests that the name may simply reflect a pronunciation of French Brun.Altered spelling of Swiss Bruhin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Gaelic and Welsh bran ‘raven’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : Hebrew acronym consisting of ben-rabi ‘son of’ + the initials of some personal name (for example Nachman, Nahum, Nathan).
Boy/Male
American, Australian, German, Irish
High; Noble
BRAIN CELL
BRAIN CELL
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
The Lamp of Immortality; The Light of Awesomeness
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German
Rich and Powerful Ruler; Form of Richard; Powerful; Old Leader; Dominant Ruler; Powerful and Brave Ruler
Female
Egyptian
, the name of a goddess; a form of Hathor (?).
Male
Hebrew
(עִבְרִי) Variant spelling of Hebrew Ibriy, IVRI means "Hebrew."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Devotee of Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Constant
Boy/Male
Tamil
Balance scale, Zodiac sign libra
Boy/Male
Spanish
Prosperous guardian.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Learned
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Lakshmi
BRAIN CELL
BRAIN CELL
BRAIN CELL
BRAIN CELL
BRAIN CELL
v. t.
To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
v. t.
To drain by means of tiles; to furnish with a tile drain.
v. t.
To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.
n.
The grain from the mashing tub; as, brewers' drains.
v.
Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement.
v. t.
To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
v. t.
To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms.
v. t.
To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait.
v. t.
To rain upon; to wet with rain.
n.
The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.
v. t.
To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or farm.
v. t.
To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).
a.
So tight as to exclude rain; as, a rain-tight roof.
v. i.
To become emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping; as, let the vessel stand and drain.
a.
A sort of spice, the grain of paradise.
v. t.
To haul up by the brails; -- used with up; as, to brail up a sail.
v. i.
To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race.
n.
The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff.
v.
A roll train; as, a 12-inch train.