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Network of nerves
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (C5
Brachial_plexus
Medical condition
A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals
Brachial_plexus_injury
Medical intervention
Brachial plexus block is a regional anesthesia technique that is sometimes employed as an alternative or as an adjunct to general anesthesia for surgery
Brachial_plexus_block
Inflammation of the brachial plexus nerves of the arm
post-traumatic or post-vaccination). It is also known as brachial plexitis, and results in brachial plexus inflammation without any apparent shoulder injury
Parsonage–Turner_syndrome
Network of nerve fibres
There are several plexuses in the body, including: Spinal plexuses Cervical plexus – serves the head, neck and shoulders Brachial plexus – serves the chest
Nerve_plexus
Part of the nervous system excluding the brain and spinal cord
Although the brachial plexus may appear tangled, it is highly organized and predictable, with little variation between people. See brachial plexus injuries
Peripheral_nervous_system
Injury where a body structure is torn off
completely, while toenails require 12 to 18 months. In brachial plexus avulsions, the brachial plexus (a bundle of nerves that communicates signals between
Avulsion_injury
Paralysis of the arm usually caused during birth
the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve
Erb's_palsy
Compression of nerves or blood vessels between the neck and ribcage
minor syndrome (PMS), which usually results from compression of the brachial plexus beneath the pectoralis minor muscle (while neurogenic TOS is caused
Thoracic_outlet_syndrome
Medical condition
is a variety of partial palsy of the lower roots of the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus is a network of spinal nerves that originates in the back
Klumpke_paralysis
Topics referred to by the same term
Brachial fascia Brachial lymph nodes Brachial veins Brachial plexus, a network of nerves Brachial valve, the upper valve in Brachiopods Brachialis muscle This
Brachial
Large blood vessel on upper limb
arteries; deep view The deep veins of the upper extremity The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below
Brachial_artery
Nerve of the upper limb
nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve originates from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, and has contributions from
Median_nerve
Nerve controlling the diaphragm
from nerve roots of the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus, it is usually considered separate from either plexus. The name of the nerve comes from
Phrenic_nerve
Branching network of vessels or nerves
plexuses. Alternatively, the Latin plural plexūs may be used. The four primary nerve plexuses are the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus
Plexus
Nerve plexus
pelvic plexuses. A schematic depiction. Diagram of the sacral plexus Cervical plexus Brachial plexus Lumbar plexus Coccygeal plexus Lumbosacral plexus Nerve
Sacral_plexus
Large nerve
respiratory nerve of Bell or posterior thoracic nerve) is a branch of the brachial plexus derived from cervical nerves C5-C7 that innervates the serratus anterior
Long_thoracic_nerve
Branch of the brachial plexus that supplies rhomboid muscles and levator scapulae
The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus, usually derived from the ventral ramus of cervical nerve C5. It provides motor innervation
Dorsal_scapular_nerve
Arm nerve
Brachial plexus Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Medial brachial cutaneous
Medial_cutaneous_nerve_of_arm
Mixed nerve of the upper limb
(sensory and motor) nerve that branches from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. It is derived from the ventral rami of cervical nerves C5-C6. It provides
Suprascapular_nerve
Proximal part of the free upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow
the anterior compartment. It originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus of nerves. It pierces the coracobrachialis muscle and gives off branches
Arm
Nerve which runs near the ulna bone
which then form part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and descends medial to the brachial artery, up until the insertion point of coracobrachialis
Ulnar_nerve
Injury to a child before, during, or just after birth
trauma to the child, especially broken clavicles and damage to the brachial plexus nerves. It can also deprive the child of oxygen as the umbilical cord
Birth_injury
Nerve of the human body near the armpit
circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus (upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord) at the level of the
Axillary_nerve
Nervous system disorder
Plexopathy is a disorder of the network of nerves in the brachial or lumbosacral plexus. Symptoms include pain, muscle weakness, and sensory deficits (numbness)
Plexopathy
Consists of the arm, forearm, and hand
The motor and sensory supply of the upper limb is provided by the brachial plexus which is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1. In the
Upper_limb
Neurological injury sustained by athletes
receiving direct blows, extension, and compression of the brachial plexus, with most of the brachial plexus injuries being an extension-compression mechanism
Stinger_(medicine)
Muscle on the surface of the ribs
the scapula. It is innervated by the long thoracic nerve from the brachial plexus. The serratus anterior acts to pull the scapula forward around the
Serratus_anterior_muscle
Small branch of the brachial plexus
nerve to the subclavius, is a small branch of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. It contains axons from C5 and C6. It innervates the subclavius muscle
Subclavian_nerve
rise to the following nerves: Brachial plexus Posterior cord Posterior cord Brachial plexus. Deep dissection. Brachial plexus. Deep dissection. Anterolateral
Posterior_cord
Birthing obstruction complication
complications to the baby, the most common complications may include brachial plexus injury, or clavicle fracture. Complications for the mother may include
Shoulder_dystocia
Main human chest muscle
innervation from the C7, C8 and T1 nerve roots, via the lower trunk of the brachial plexus and the medial pectoral nerve. The clavicular head receives innervation
Pectoralis_major
Muscles on the sides of the neck
surface of the first rib, posterior to the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. The posterior scalene
Scalene_muscles
humerus. Brachial plexus The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front. Brachial plexus with courses
Lower_subscapular_nerve
Nerve that supplies the latissimus dorsi
muscle. The thoracodorsal nerve arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. It is derived from their ventral rami (in spite of the fact that the
Thoracodorsal_nerve
Part of the human anatomy
The upper (superior) trunk is part of the brachial plexus. It is formed by joining of the ventral rami of the fifth (C5) and sixth (C6) cervical nerves
Upper_trunk
Peripheral neuroanatomic structure
The lateral cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by the anterior divisions of the upper (C5-C6) and middle trunks (C7). Its name comes from
Lateral_cord
Deliberate inhibition of nerve impulses
for regional anesthesia, since many of the anesthesia targets (e.g., brachial plexus, femoral nerve) have large blood vessels that travel with the target
Nerve_block
The medial cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by of the anterior division of the lower trunk (C8-T1). Its name comes from it being medial
Medial_cord
Nerve in the human body that supplies the posterior portion of the upper limb
and the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the brachial plexus, carrying fibers from the posterior roots of spinal nerves C5, C6,
Radial_nerve
Lymph nodes in the human armpit
field, there is a risk of damage to brachial plexus. The risk is estimated to be less than 5% as the brachial plexus radiation tolerance according to (Emami
Axillary_lymph_nodes
Medical condition
such as phrenic nerve stimulation resulting in abdominal pulsing or brachial plexus stimulation resulting in rhythmic arm twitching. Twiddler's syndrome
Twiddler's_syndrome
Birth defect of the collarbones, skull, and teeth
short and wide fingers Vertebral abnormalities On rare occasions, brachial plexus irritation can occur Scoliosis, spina bifida and syringomyelia have
Cleidocranial_dysostosis
Nerve that carries signals between the spinal cord and the body
location. The spinal plexuses are the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, the sacral plexus and the much smaller coccygeal plexus. The cervical
Spinal_nerve
German Emperor from 1888 to 1918
canal", he then forcibly pulled the left arm downwards, tearing the brachial plexus, then continued to grasp the left arm to rotate the infant's trunk
Wilhelm_II
Superficial muscle in the anterior side of the forearm
T1 (which together form the brachial plexus). Next, the signal goes down the median nerve branch of the brachial plexus and stimulates the pronator teres
Pronator_teres_muscle
Area of the human body beneath the joint between arm and torso
of the axilla include the axillary vein and artery, as well as the brachial plexus, lymph nodes and fat. The axilla is the space between the side of the
Axilla
Neuroanatomical division
treatment? Results from a clinical study on 72 patients". Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury. 9 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1749-7221-9-1. PMC 3896705
Lumbosacral_plexus
Slender skeletal muscle at the back and side of the neck
cervical plexus, and their branches The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front Levator scapulae muscle Brachial plexus. Deep
Levator_scapulae_muscle
Nerves that control the shoulder blade
nerve The subscapular nerves originate from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. These nerves are part of a group of nerves that innervate the muscles
Subscapular_nerves
Synovial ball and socket joint in the shoulder
ligament The nerves supplying the shoulder joint all arise in the brachial plexus. They are the suprascapular nerve, the axillary nerve and the lateral
Shoulder_joint
Major arteries of the upper thorax, below the clavicle
the pleura and the scalenus medius muscle. Above the artery is the brachial plexus. Below the artery is the pleura. The subclavian vein lies below and
Subclavian_artery
Nerves in the thorax and abdomen
femur. Nervous system Intercostal spaces, viewed from the left Brachial plexus Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown Intercostal nerve block
Intercostal_nerves
Spinal nerve of the cervical segment
(C7). The C8 nerve forms part of the radial and ulnar nerves via the brachial plexus, and therefore has motor and sensory function in the upper limb. The
Cervical_spinal_nerve_8
Part of the body
area).[citation needed] The brachial plexus emerges as nerve roots from the cervical vertebrae C5-T1. Branches of the plexus, in particular from C5-C6,
Shoulder
Aspect of human anatomy
neck, also known as Erb's point, is a site at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus located 2–3 cm above the clavicle. It is named for Wilhelm Heinrich
Nerve_point_of_neck
Network of nerves in the neck
(also innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) of the brachial plexus) Plan of the cervical plexus. The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck. The
Cervical_plexus
The following year, William Halsted (1852–1922) performed the first brachial plexus block. Also in 1885, James Leonard Corning (1855–1923) injected cocaine
History of neuraxial anesthesia
History_of_neuraxial_anesthesia
Muscles of the human hand
hand are innervated by the radial, median, and ulnar nerves from the brachial plexus. The intrinsic muscle groups are the thenar (thumb) and hypothenar
Muscles_of_the_hand
Shoulder muscle
posterior division of the superior trunk, and the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Studies have shown that there are seven neuromuscular segments to
Deltoid_muscle
Large blood vessel bringing oxygenated blood to the thorax
the brachial plexus. The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus. For
Axillary_artery
Anterior division of a spinal nerve
The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5–T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains
Ventral_ramus_of_spinal_nerve
antebrachial cutaneous nerve) is a sensory branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus derived from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C8-T1. It provides sensory
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Medial_cutaneous_nerve_of_forearm
Bone structure of the thorax
vein, the posterior the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus. Behind the posterior groove is a rough area for the attachment of
Rib_cage
Nerve of upper limb
subscapular nerve is the first branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The upper subscapular nerve contains axons from the ventral rami of
Upper_subscapular_nerve
Part of the vertebral column in animals
spinal cord enlarges: Cervical enlargement – corresponds roughly to the brachial plexus nerves, which innervate the upper limb. It includes spinal cord segments
Spinal_cord
Muscle of the upper back
innervated by suprascapular nerve (C5-6) of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. The supraspinatus muscle performs abduction of the arm, and pulls
Supraspinatus_muscle
Paralysis of a single limb
progressive brachial monoplegia is uncommon, syringomyelia and tumors of the cervical cord or brachial plexus may be the cause. The onset of brachial plexus paralysis
Monoplegia
Excessive sweating
reported in the literature, such as paralysis of the upper limbs and brachial plexus. Tap water iontophoresis as a treatment for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis
Vertebrae of the neck
tubercle is also used as a landmark for anaesthesia of the brachial plexus and cervical plexus. The cervical spinal nerves emerge from above the cervical
Cervical_vertebrae
Nerve of the human chest muscle
thoracic nerve) is (typically) a branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus and is derived from spinal nerve roots C8-T1. It provides motor innervation
Medial_pectoral_nerve
Muscle between the clavicle and first rib
fifth and sixth cervical nerves, from the superior/upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Insertion into coracoid process instead of clavicle or into both clavicle
Subclavius_muscle
Nerve of the human chest muscle
lateral anterior thoracic nerve) arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and through it from the C5-7. It passes across the axillary artery
Lateral_pectoral_nerve
Nerve in the arm
musculocutaneous nerve is a mixed branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus derived from cervical spinal nerves C5-C7. It arises opposite the lower
Musculocutaneous_nerve
Compression of the radial nerve in the upper arm
neuropathy of the radial nerve as it travels from the upper arm (the brachial plexus) to the hand and wrist. Radial tunnel syndrome causes posterolateral
Radial_tunnel_syndrome
Compression of the ulnar nerve in the elbow
is also known as a trapped nerve. The ulnar nerve travels from the brachial plexus down the length of the arm to the hand. Along its course, it may become
Cubital_tunnel_syndrome
MRI technique to image nerves
those affecting the sciatic nerve (e.g. piriformis syndrome), the brachial plexus nerves (e.g. thoracic outlet syndrome), the pudendal nerve, or virtually
Magnetic resonance neurography
Magnetic_resonance_neurography
Muscle of the upper arm
division of the upper trunk (C5, C6) and middle trunk (C7) of the brachial plexus. The coracobrachialis muscle has been classified into distinct superficial
Coracobrachialis_muscle
Skeletal muscle of the upper back
spine. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (a branch of the brachial plexus), with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor
Rhomboid_minor_muscle
inferior angle of the scapula. It has been used in the evaluation of brachial plexus birth palsy. "scapular line - definition from Biology-Online.org".
Scapular_line
Medical condition
Progressive muscular atrophy Brachial amyotrophic diplegia Yeoman, P. M.; Seddon, H. J. (August 1961). "Brachial Plexus Injuries: Treatment of the Flail
Flail_limb
median nerve, the other being the lateral root of median nerve. The brachial plexus demonstrates a wide range of anatomical variations, many of which carry
Medial_root_of_median_nerve
Upper back muscles
muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus. Rhomboid muscles. Rhomboid minor muscle Rhomboid major muscle
Rhomboid_muscles
Indian neurosurgeon
College Jaipur and later at AIIMS. Mehta is a pioneer in surgery for brachial plexus injuries in India and is an elected fellow of the National Academy
Veer_Singh_Mehta
Region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist
details on divisions proximal to the elbow and distal to the wrist; see Brachial plexus for the origins of the median, radial and ulnar nerves. Median nerve –
Forearm
Medical condition
Pseudomeningocele may result after brain surgery, spine surgery, or brachial plexus avulsion injury. Treatment for pseudomeningocele is conservative or
Pseudomeningocele
Beer - Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches 5 main nerves of brachial plexus. "My Aunty Rocks My Uncle" - Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median
List_of_anatomy_mnemonics
Torture method
long-term nerve, ligament or tendon damage. The technique typically causes brachial plexus injury, leading to paralysis or loss of sensation in the arms. Prolonged
Strappado
Method of utilizing water in magnetic resonance imaging
vivo, as well as in connectomics. Applications for peripheral nerves: Brachial plexus: DTI can differentiate traumatic root avulsions from normal roots,
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted_magnetic_resonance_imaging
Skeletal muscle in the human back
Variations and Relationship to the Brachial Plexus, and a Related Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Case". Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury. 11
Rhomboid_major_muscle
Opening at the top of the thoracic cavity (area enclosed by the ribcage)
mediastinum is inferiorly related. The brachial plexus is a superolateral relation of the thoracic outlet. The brachial plexus emerges between the anterior and
Superior_thoracic_aperture
Cervical muscle
sternocleidomastoid, including the common carotid artery, accessory nerve, and brachial plexus. Examination of the sternocleidomastoid muscle forms part of the examination
Sternocleidomastoid_muscle
Muscle of the upper limb
subscapular nerve. These three nerves branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The nerves that innervate teres major consist of fibers from spinal
Teres_major_muscle
German Empress in 1888
save both mother and child. The baby, however, suffered damage at the brachial plexus, and the nerves in his arm were injured. As he grew, it failed to develop
Victoria,_Princess_Royal
Wrist and forearm muscle
would therefore be paralyzed in an injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. A common injury to the extensor carpi ulnaris is tennis elbow. This
Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle
Type of nerve damage
Radiation-induced Brachial Plexopathy (RIBP), may occur secondary to breast radiation therapy. Studies on RIBP have observed the brachial plexus' radiosensitivity
Radiation-induced lumbar plexopathy
Radiation-induced_lumbar_plexopathy
Fibrous sheath
sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle. It is surrounded by the axillary
Axillary_sheath
Medical condition
clavicle–The radial nerve is the terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. A stab wound may damage the posterior cord and result in neurological
Wrist_drop
Medical condition
enophthalmos (as a result of the ptosis). In progressive cases, the brachial plexus is also affected, causing pain and weakness in the muscles of the arm
Pancoast_tumor
3D visualization of nerve tracts via diffusion MRI
"Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Diagnosing Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Proof-of-Concept Study". Frontiers in Surgery. 7: 19. doi:10
Tractography
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