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Metric used in LTE networks
Block Error Rate (BLER) is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on a digital circuit. It is used in measuring
Block_Error_Rate
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
there are higher error rates in the channel, or taking them out when they are not needed. The two main categories of ECC codes are block codes and convolutional
Error_correction_code
Number of incorrect bits transmitted
synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided
Bit_error_rate
A block error is a common type of error in certain types of digital television transmission, particularly those that use image compression. Its presence
Block_error
Non-redundant proportion of an error correction code data stream
bytes) are added to each block of 188 octets of useful information. A few error correction codes do not have a fixed code rate—rateless erasure codes.
Code_rate
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
equal, having the rate of type I errors and type II errors being equal (i.e. the CER) will result in the lowest overall error rate. In terms of false
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Any of a set of standard configurations of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks
soft errors such as user error, software malfunction, or malware infection. For valuable data, RAID is only one building block of a larger data loss prevention
Standard_RAID_levels
Probability of making type I errors when performing multiple hypotheses tests
Family-wise error rate (FWER) is a term from statistics for the probability of making one or more false discoveries, or type I errors when performing
Family-wise_error_rate
Family of linear error-correcting codes
correct errors, and can detect only an odd number of bits in error. Hamming codes are perfect codes, that is, they achieve the highest possible rate for codes
Hamming_code
Family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks
different parameters of the block code to each other, such as its rate and its ability to detect and correct errors. Examples of block codes are Reed–Solomon
Block_code
Fifth-generation mobile telecommunications standard
modulation and coding schemes (MCS) to maintain a low block error rate (BLER). When the error rate exceeds a threshold, the system automatically switches
5G
Type of computing error
In electronics and computing, a soft error is a type of error where a signal or datum is wrong. Errors may be caused by a defect, usually understood either
Soft_error
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
In statistics, the false discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple
False_discovery_rate
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
flash memory, hard disk and RAM. Error-correcting codes are usually distinguished between convolutional codes and block codes: Convolutional codes are processed
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Error-correcting codes
to 2 byte errors per 32-byte block. More importantly, it flags as erasures any uncorrectable blocks, i.e., blocks with more than 2 byte errors. The decoded
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
American statistician (born 1910)
the block error probability can not become arbitrarily small if the transmission rate is above the channel capacity, Wolfowitz proved that the block error
Jacob_Wolfowitz
Process in quantum computing
error correction code that allowed them to achieve an error rate with logical qubits that is 800 times better than the underlying physical error rate
Quantum_error_correction
Concept in computing
information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays
Error_exponent
Related to being blocked/walled or unable to access their webpages without first signing in. 218 This is fine An informal catch-all error condition, widely
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Limit on data transfer rate
communicate discrete data (digital information) nearly error-free up to a computable maximum rate through the channel. This result was presented by Claude
Noisy-channel_coding_theorem
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
Reed–Solomon error correction codes that steepen the overall bit-error-rate curve and produce extremely low residual undetected error rates. Both Viterbi
Convolutional_code
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
systems, link adaptation (automatic adaptation of the data rate and the modulation and/or error coding scheme to the signal quality) is often applied. In
Bit_rate
Type of error correcting code
In information theory, polar codes are a linear block error-correcting codes. The code construction is based on a multiple recursive concatenation of
Polar_code_(coding_theory)
Rate of modulation of a digital signal
In a digitally modulated signal or a line code, symbol rate, modulation rate or baud rate is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling
Symbol_rate
Monitoring system in computer drives
M.A.R.T. information and annualized failure rates: In the 60 days following the first uncorrectable error on a drive (S.M.A.R.T. attribute 0xC6 or 198)
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology
Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology
Class of error correction codes
science, repeat-accumulate codes (RA codes) are a low complexity class of error-correcting codes. They were devised so that their ensemble weight distributions
Repeat-accumulate_code
areas of the body. Bread loafing false negative error rate can be reduced by "cutting through the block". Basically, the entire surgical specimen is sliced
Bread_loafing
decreasing error probabilities at all data rates less than capacity, with decoding complexity that increases only polynomially with the code block length
Concatenated error correction code
Concatenated_error_correction_code
Theory about lossy data compression
block length parameter. Nevertheless, even at unit blocklengths one can often find good (scalar) quantizers that operate at distances from the rate–distortion
Rate–distortion_theory
Control loop feedback mechanism
the derivative (D) component predicts future error trend by assessing the rate of change of the error, which helps to mitigate overshoot and enhance
PID_controller
encoders in modern video codecs, requiring the rate-distortion optimization algorithm to pass each block of video to be tested to the entropy coder to
Rate–distortion_optimization
Fundamental building block of control systems
A control loop is the fundamental building block of control systems in general and industrial control systems in particular. It consists of the process
Control_loop
Limiting the data rate on network controllers
the number of throttling errors. Hardware appliances can limit the rate of requests on layer 4 or 5 of the OSI model. Rate limiting can be induced by
Rate_limiting
Pair of related error-correcting codes
In coding theory, the ternary Golay codes are two closely related error-correcting codes. The code generally known simply as the ternary Golay code is
Ternary_Golay_code
Electro-mechanical data storage device
the error rate to be one uncorrected bit read error in every 1016 bits read, 2018 specifications for consumer SATA hard drives state the error rate to
Hard_disk_drive
Type of linear error-correcting code
mathematics and electronics engineering, a binary Golay code is a type of linear error-correcting code used in digital communications. The binary Golay code, along
Binary_Golay_code
American multi-role fighter aircraft
pitch rate gyroscope when it was activated by the rejection of a primary pitch rate gyroscope. On 28 August 2025, a Polish Air Force F-16C Block 52+, from
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon
Data storage technology
led to the maximum error rates being insufficient to guarantee a successful recovery, due to the high likelihood of such an error occurring on one or
RAID
Heart rate exceeding normal resting rate
also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted
Tachycardia
Error-correcting code
The Hadamard code is an error-correcting code named after the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard that is used for error detection and correction when
Hadamard_code
Type of block code
cyclic code is a block code, where the circular shifts of each codeword gives another word that belongs to the code. They are error-correcting codes that
Cyclic_code
Linear error correcting code
the decoding error under belief propagation can often be proven to be vanishingly small (approaches zero with the block length) at rates that are very
Low-density_parity-check_code
Hybrid error-detection and correction code in communications
ARQ or HARQ) is a combination of high-rate forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) error-control. In standard ARQ, redundant bits
Hybrid automatic repeat request
Hybrid_automatic_repeat_request
Error-detecting code for detecting data changes
(CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. Blocks of data entering
Cyclic_redundancy_check
Speed of the heartbeat, measured in beats per minute
receptor. High blood pressure medications are used to block these receptors and so reduce the heart rate. Parasympathetic stimulation originates from the cardioinhibitory
Heart_rate
Baseball park in Chicago, Illinois
Rate Field (formerly Comiskey Park II, U.S. Cellular Field, and Guaranteed Rate Field) is a baseball stadium on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It
Rate_Field
used to access the error-statistic information in a CD/DVD drive and to generate a plot displaying the variation of the block error rate as function of playtime
Centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip
Centrifugal_micro-fluidic_biochip
WiFi option
significant error rate improvements over single-antenna systems. Their original scheme was based on trellis codes but the simpler block codes were utilised
Space–time_block_code
Bipartite graph in coding theory
can be used to express constraints (typically equations) that specify an error correcting code. Tanner graphs play a central role in the design and decoding
Tanner_graph
Scientific study of digital information
with arbitrarily small block error. In addition, for any rate R > C, it is impossible to transmit with arbitrarily small block error. Channel coding is concerned
Information_theory
Distortion of media caused by lossy data compression
decoder can perform error concealment. Block boundary discontinuities can occur at edges of motion compensation prediction blocks. In motion compensated
Compression_artifact
Frame in a video compression stream
the prediction error and need to be transformed and sent to the decoder. To sum up, if the encoder succeeds in finding a matching block on a reference
Inter_frame
Code used in quantum error correction
quantum error correction code can correct physical error if the error rate is below a certain threshold. If p is the probability of a random error happening
Shor_code
Common communications channel model
saying that information can be transmitted at any rate up to the channel capacity with arbitrarily low error. The channel capacity is 1 − H b ( p ) {\displaystyle
Binary_symmetric_channel
Errors and technical difficulties on Xbox 360
one-light error if an "E XX" error message is displayed and a three-light error code if the error message is absent. The related E74 error caused only
Xbox_360_technical_problems
Class of codes in coding theory
a set of receivers. Using a fixed-rate erasure code, a receiver missing a source symbol (due to a transmission error) faces the coupon collector's problem:
Fountain_code
Type of two-dimensional barcode
L error correction, for example, consists of a single error correction block with a total of 26 code bytes (made of 19 message bytes and seven error correction
QR_code
Bit added to a binary string for error detection
written at the rate of one parity bit per n bits, where n is the number of disks in the array. When a read error occurs, each bit in the error region is recalculated
Parity_bit
Mistakes that children commonly commit when first learning language
irregular and overregularized forms and a higher potential rate of failure. Overextension is an error in early word use in which a child uses a single word
Errors_in_early_word_use
Close-in weapon system
target. The Block 0 CIWS mounts (hydraulic driven) fired at a rate of 3,000 rounds per minute and held 989 rounds in the magazine drum. The Block 1 CIWS mounts
Phalanx_CIWS
Information-theoretical limit on transmission rate in a communication channel
is the highest information rate (in units of information per unit time) that can be achieved with arbitrarily small error probability. Information theory
Channel_capacity
Type of computer memory
Double data rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory (DDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) widely used in computers
DDR_SDRAM
American long-range, subsonic cruise missile
Congress funded 90 new-build Block IV missiles for FY19, the minimum sustainment rate. Small quantities of new-build Block IV missiles continued being
Tomahawk_missile
Standard for optical data packages
of OTN signals Multiplexing and de-multiplexing of OTN signals Forward error correction (FEC) on OTN signals Packet processing in conjunction with mapping/de-mapping
Optical_transport_network
Aviation instruments
classified as "inherent errors". A blocked pitot tube is a pitot–static problem that will only affect airspeed indicators. A blocked pitot tube will cause
Pitot–static_system
Automated message from an email system
suspension of the recipient's email or a temporary error on the server are also causes of a soft bounce. Errors may occur at multiple places in mail delivery
Bounce_message
Error caused by a memory fault
and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a certain detail and/or event. Memory errors may include
Memory_error
Place in Uttar Pradesh, India
is 40%. There are 54 villages in islamnagar block. "Error Value". www.censusindia.gov.in. "Blocks | District Budaun Government Of Uttar Pradesh | India"
Islamnagar,_Badaun
Simple but inefficient error-correcting code
bad error correcting performance coupled with the low code rate (ratio between useful information symbols and actual transmitted symbols), other error correction
Repetition_code
Medical condition
reproducible onset related to an increase in the rate of cardiac contraction. Tachycardia-dependent bundle branch block can prevent both ventricles from contracting
Tachycardia-dependent bundle branch block
Tachycardia-dependent_bundle_branch_block
Bit Rate Reduction, or BRR, also called Bit Rate Reduced, is a name given to an audio compression method used on the SPC700 sound coprocessor used in the
Bit_Rate_Reduction
Mobile data technology for GSM networks
rate at which the RLC/MAC layer protocol data unit (PDU) (called a radio block) is transmitted. As shown in TS 44.060 section 10.0a.1, a radio block consists
EDGE_(telecommunication)
Data protocol for motor vehicles
message collision and reduce costly error correction, many CAN bus configurations may limit their data transfer rate well below the bus's theoretical maximum
CAN_FD
Housing estate in Mitcham, London
error: no target: CITEREFMontague2006 (help). Montague 2006, p. 130 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFMontague2006 (help). Montague 2006, p. 9 sfnm error:
Phipps_Bridge
the source block, and receivers do not need to recover the original source symbols if received correctly – this is useful for example if error-correction
Systematic_code
Detail of the global positioning system
The error analysis for the Global Positioning System is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude of error should be expected
Error analysis for the Global Positioning System
Error_analysis_for_the_Global_Positioning_System
System for producing precision lengths by stacking components
fewest blocks to avoid accumulation of size errors. For example, a stack totaling .638 that is composed of two blocks (a .500 block wrung to a .138 block) is
Gauge_block
Inherent flaw in computer instructions
misspelling for example), or documentation error. Another example set of severities: critical, high, low, blocker, trivial. The severity of a bug may be the
Software_bug
Process performed by firmware or software routines
some computers, an indicator lamp or a speaker may be provided to show error codes as a sequence of flashes or beeps in the event that a computer display
Power-on_self-test
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
the error variance of the regression model. Mathematics portal Brier score Coefficient of determination Constant false alarm rate Detection error tradeoff
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Concept in machine learning
in statistics and machine learning is the phenomenon where a model's error rate on the test set initially decreases with the number of parameters, then
Double_descent
High-performance forward error correction codes
parity bits are sent with the payload. The complete block has m + n bits of data with a code rate of m/(m + n). The permutation of the payload data is
Turbo_code
Standard for serial communication between devices without host computer
but not vice versa, due to potential errors in handling longer identifiers. High-speed CAN 2.0 supports bit rates from 40 kbit/s to 1 Mbit/s and is the
CAN_bus
Constellation of American military satellites
a MDR (Medium Data Rate) Block II payload) was launched on 30 April 1999, using a Titan IV(401)B rocket. Due to a database error affecting the attitude
Milstar
On-demand cloud computing provider
reported to have been lost due to the outage. The outage was caused by a human error made while debugging, that resulted in removing more server capacity than
Amazon_Web_Services
Codes intended to correct short, contiguous errors in a communications channel
In coding theory, burst error-correcting codes employ methods of correcting burst errors, which are errors that occur in many consecutive bits rather than
Burst_error-correcting_code
list decoding is an alternative to unique decoding of error-correcting codes for large error rates. The notion was proposed by Elias in the 1950s. The main
List_decoding
Lossless data compression software
len(buf) == 0: raise ValueError("buf must not be empty") num = 0 for i, byte in enumerate(buf): if i > 8: raise ValueError("num must not have more than
XZ_Utils
Topics referred to by the same term
plant disorder Basic Encoding Rules, a set of rules for encoding data Bit error rate, the ratio between the number of incorrect bits transmitted to the total
BER
Cold War coalition of communist states
productive capacities in comparison with corresponding market economies. Major errors and waste occurred in the resource allocation and distribution systems.
Eastern_Bloc
Fountain code class
encoding symbols allows the source block to be recovered with some non-zero probability. The probability that the source block can be recovered increases with
Raptor_code
Restriction on accessing an online resource
schools receiving federal funded discount rates for Internet access to install filter software that blocks obscene content, pornography, and, where applicable
Block_(Internet)
Type of symmetric key cipher
is affected and the error does not propagate to other parts of the message. This property is useful when the transmission error rate is high; however, it
Stream_cipher
Type of computer memory
literature review of memory error rate measurements. Johnston, A. (October 2000). "Scaling and Technology Issues for Soft Error Rates" (PDF). 4th Annual Research
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Target value for the process variable of a control system
calculates an error signal by taking the difference between the setpoint and the current value of the process variable. Mathematically, this error is expressed
Setpoint_(control_system)
Wireless devices, BPL, and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate, due to error-correcting codes and other physical layer overhead. It is
List_of_interface_bit_rates
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
along with a set of error correcting rates (1/2–5/6). The multitude of choices allows the system to adapt the optimum data rate for the current signal
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Linear error-correcting code
In coding theory, Hamming(7,4) is a linear error-correcting code that encodes four bits of data into seven bits by adding three parity bits. It is a member
Hamming(7,4)
Time measuring device
oscillates preferentially at a certain rate, its resonant frequency or "beat", and resists oscillating at other rates. The combination of the mass of the
Balance_wheel
Metrics related to human characteristics
performances (rarer errors). Equal error rate or crossover error rate (EER or CER): the rate at which both acceptance and rejection errors are equal. The value
Biometrics
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BLOCK ERROR-RATE