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Movement in biblical scholarship
Biblical minimalism, also known as the Copenhagen School because two of its most prominent figures taught at Copenhagen University, is a movement or trend
Biblical_minimalism
Relationship between historic and biblical events
Thompson, a representative of the Copenhagen School, also known as "biblical minimalism", the archaeological record lends sparse and indirect evidence for
Historicity_of_the_Bible
Affirms the historicity of central Biblical narratives
Biblical maximalism is the movement in Biblical scholarship that, as opposed to Biblical minimalism, affirms the historicity of central Biblical narratives
Biblical_maximalism
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up minimalism, minimalist, or minimal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Minimalism may also refer to: Minimalism (computing), a philosophy of programming
Minimalism_(disambiguation)
Biblical Israelite-Philistine battle
historical, and some scholars leaning towards less. (See also Biblical minimalism and Biblical maximalism.) The Book of Samuel records that the Philistines
Battle_of_Aphek
Collection of religious texts
mainstream scholarship. It is considered to be the extreme opposite of biblical minimalism which considers the Bible to be a purely post-exilic (5th century
Bible
Founding myth of the Jewish people
The other position, often associated with the school of Biblical minimalism, is that the biblical exodus traditions are the invention of the exilic and
The_Exodus
Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
Solomon. Garfinkel, Yosef (May–June 2011). "The Birth & Death of Biblical Minimalism". Biblical Archaeology Review. 37 (3). Archived from the original on 2011-09-08
Kingdom_of_Judah
Belief that the Bible is without error
formulated in the Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy. In contrast to American evangelicalism, it has minimal influence on contemporary British evangelicalism
Biblical_inerrancy
Danish biblical scholar
to 1999. Lemche is closely identified with the movement known as biblical minimalism and "has assumed the role of philosophical and methodological spokesperson"
Niels_Peter_Lemche
2003 book by Kenneth Kitchen
Documents Reliable? (1943), and in so doing to counter the arguments of Biblical minimalism, which casts doubt upon the historical value of the Old Testament
On the Reliability of the Old Testament
On_the_Reliability_of_the_Old_Testament
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hebrew letters. Biblical Hebrew (Hebrew: עִבְרִית מִקְרָאִית, romanized: ʿiḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or לְשׁוֹן
Biblical_Hebrew
Stele inscribed in Aramaic referencing the House of David
Garfinkel, Yosef (May–June 2011). "The birth and death of Biblical minimalism". Biblical Archaeology Review. 37 (3): 46–53. Grabbe, Lester L. (2007)
Tel_Dan_stele
1875 book by Kersey Graves
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors
The_World's_Sixteen_Crucified_Saviors
Biblical scholar and theologian
Abraham in History and Tradition, became one of the pioneer works of biblical minimalism. While teaching part-time at the University of North Carolina at
Thomas_L._Thompson
Archaeological site in Israel
site, cutting the palace in two. Archaeology of Israel Biblical archaeology Biblical Minimalism "Khirbet Qeiyafa". National Library of Israel. Rabinovitch
Khirbet_Qeiyafa
1970 book by John Marco Allegro
Marco Allegro. Allegro proposes an etymology driven reconstruction of biblical myth that treats Christian narratives as coded accounts of Near Eastern
The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross
The_Sacred_Mushroom_and_the_Cross
American Theosophist writer (1880–1963)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Alvin_Boyd_Kuhn
2005 film by Brian Flemming
Mikkelson are the founders of Snopes.com. Robert M. Price is Professor of Biblical Criticism at the Council for Secular Humanism's Center for Inquiry Institute
The_God_Who_Wasn't_There
American scholar
debates around Biblical minimalism, his work continues to analyze and compile epigraphic evidence supporting the historicity of biblical narratives. He
Lawrence_Mykytiuk
Topics referred to by the same term
Lemche and others. Also called the School of Minimalist Theology. See Biblical minimalism Copenhagen School (international relations), security studies — centered
Copenhagen_School
American Christ myth theorist (1960–2015)
legend-based characterizations, and may be driven by the attempt to validate biblical myth as historical under a different 'interpretation'." Murdock's work
Acharya_S
Dutch theologian
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Abraham_Dirk_Loman
historical, and some scholars leaning towards less. (See also Biblical minimalism and Biblical maximalism.) The Book of Samuel records that the Philistines
War_in_the_Hebrew_Bible
Moabite stele commemorating Mesha's victory over Israel (c. 840 BCE)
at the University of Copenhagen, closely associated with the Biblical minimalism movement known as the Copenhagen School, which holds that "Israel" is
Mesha_Stele
Testament's narratives as history and offer evidence to challenge others. Biblical minimalism is a label applied to a loosely knit group of scholars who hold that
Criticism_of_the_Bible
Alternative chronology of the ancient Near East developed by David Rohl
associated with Biblical Minimalism, had insisted that any attempt to write history based on a direct integration of biblical and extra-biblical sources was
New_Chronology_(Rohl)
American historian and Christ myth theorist (born 1969)
film Marketing the Messiah, where he discusses several topics, including biblical canon creation, the Pauline sect, the dating of Paul's letters and the
Richard_Carrier
English poet and Egyptologist (1828–1907)
virgins on 25 December, raised men from the dead (Massey speculates that the biblical Lazarus had a parallel in El-Asar-Us, a title of Osiris), died by crucifixion
Gerald_Massey
Topics referred to by the same term
straightforward manner, without hinting at hidden meaning, usually associated with minimalism Literalism (music), a method of composing music Strict constructionism
Literalism
Canadian historian, proponent of the Christ myth theory
Découvrez ou redécouvrez des puzzle". Avalos, Hector (2007). The End of Biblical Studies. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. pp. 197. ISBN 978-1-59102-536-8
Earl_Doherty
American philosopher (1932–2015)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Michael_Lou_Martin
1999 book by Freke and Gandy
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
The_Jesus_Mysteries
British orientalist (1856–1924)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare
Frederick_Cornwallis_Conybeare
Biblical monarch of ancient Israel
that the biblical account contains exaggerations. Historical evidence of King Solomon other than the biblical accounts has been so minimal that some
Solomon
American professor of mathematics
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
William_Benjamin_Smith
Fringe theory claiming that Jesus did not exist
a historical Jesus. However, scholars differ about the accuracy of the biblical accounts about Jesus, with only two events supported by nearly-universal
Christ_myth_theory
School of archaeology which concerns itself with the biblical world
suggest their possible reality. Biblical maximalism Biblical minimalism Levantine archaeology Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology http://www.custodia
Biblical_archaeology_school
German philosopher and theologian (1809–1882)
Young Hegelian, he played a crucial role in the development of radical biblical criticism. His argument that Jesus was a literary myth rather than a historical
Bruno_Bauer
Encyclopedia of Biblical Errancy (1995) and Biblical Errancy: A Reference Guide (2000). He also wrote and published a monthly periodical known as Biblical Errancy
Dennis_McKinsey
French writer
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Édouard_Dujardin
Soviet scholar of classical antiquity (1886–1960)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Sergey_Kovalev_(historian)
Polish social and political activist, poet and writer (1864–1921)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Andrzej_Niemojewski
American atheism activist
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Frank_Zindler
Fundamentalism in the Reformed tradition
mythicism, psilanthropism or denial of the virgin birth, archaeological biblical minimalism (Copenhagen School), humanistic egalitarianism, myth of progress
Reformed_fundamentalism
French historian (1880–1955)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Maurice_Goguel
French journalist and writer (1849–1920)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Arthur_Heulhard
American atheist writer (1859–1943)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
M._M._Mangasarian
English historian (1842-1901)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Edwin_Johnson_(historian)
with the astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil, who accused him of contradicting Biblical chronology. Dupuis maintained that the zodiac, which he believed to be
Charles-François_Dupuis
American philosopher (1813–1883)
Description of Twenty-seven Bibles, and an Exposition of Two Thousand Biblical Errors in Science, History, Morals, Religion, and General Events; Also
Kersey_Graves
2005 book by Joseph Atwill
Flavius Josephus. Atwill notes that according to the Preterist school of biblical interpretation, the prophecies of Jesus and Daniel were fulfilled by the
Caesar's_Messiah
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Myles_McSweeney
American biblical scholar (born 1954)
historical Jesus did not exist. Price is the author of a number of books on biblical studies and the historicity of Jesus. A former Baptist minister, Price
Robert_M._Price
Dutch theologian, historian, and art historian (1831–1896)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Allard_Pierson
Canadian biblical scholar and journalist (1929–2017)
Thomas William Harpur (April 14, 1929 – January 2, 2017) was a Canadian biblical scholar, columnist, and broadcaster. An ordained Anglican priest, he was
Tom_Harpur
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Emilio_Bossi
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Thomas Whittaker (metaphysician)
Thomas_Whittaker_(metaphysician)
American philosopher
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Samuel_Maximilian_Rieser
Swedish linguist (1919–2008)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Alvar_Ellegård
Russian historian (1859–1954)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Robert_Wipper
German theologian and historian (1858–1928)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Friedrich_Loofs
Soviet historian of antiquity (1885–1948)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Abram_Ranovich
Canadian theologian (1872–1947)
of Church History and, in 1926, served as president of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis. Case is known for his research into the person
Shirley_Jackson_Case
Book by John Van Seters
is restored to his rightful place in literary criticism. Biblical criticism Biblical minimalism Source criticism Chedorlaomer Ipuwer Papyrus Van Seters
Abraham in History and Tradition
Abraham_in_History_and_Tradition
Soviet scholar of religion (1906-1991)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Iosif_Kryvelev
British criminologist and writer
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
L._Gordon_Rylands
British Biblical scholar (1945–2018)
We Need Biblical Scholars? (2005) Final Comments on Minimalism (2003) Minimalism, "Ancient Israel," and Anti-Semitism The Origin of Biblical Israel Abstract:
Philip_R._Davies
American lawyer
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Harold_Leidner
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Logan_Mitchell_(freethinker)
Hypothesized Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
kingdom that may have existed in the Southern Levant. The first extra-biblical mention of Israel dates from the Merneptah Stele created by Pharaoh Merneptah
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)
Book by Arthur Drews
non-historicity thesis, a popularity that—in my view—now threatens to distract biblical studies from the serious business of illuminating the causes, context and
The_Christ_Myth
Scottish journalist and rationalist (1856–1933)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
J._M._Robertson
Swiss theologian and writer
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Rudolf_Steck
Movement that denied authentic authorship of the Pauline epistles
theologian and biblical scholar Gerardus Johannes Petrus Josephus Bolland, Dutch philosopher and theologian Bruno Bauer, German philosopher and biblical critic
Radical_criticism
(1990–present) Thomas L. Thompson (1962) – Biblical theologian, closely associated with the Biblical minimalism movement Anne Nasimiyu Wasike (died 2018)
List of Duquesne University people
List_of_Duquesne_University_people
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Gustaaf Adolf van den Bergh van Eysinga
Gustaaf_Adolf_van_den_Bergh_van_Eysinga
2004 book by Tom Harpur
discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799. According to Harpur, most modern biblical scholars agree the gospels were written many decades after the presumed
The_Pagan_Christ
British theologian and academic (1844–1927)
described in the Encyclopedia Americana as an important "Sanskrit scholar and Biblical critic". He was Professor of ecclesiastical history at Manchester College
Estlin_Carpenter
French writer and philosopher
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Paul-Louis_Couchoud
German writer, historian and philosopher (1865–1935)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Arthur_Drews
Simplified, minimalistic lifestyle
living. Early examples include the Śramaṇa traditions of Iron Age India and biblical Nazirites. These traditions were heavily influenced by both national cultures
Simple_living
1926 book by Arthur Drews
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
The Denial of the Historicity of Jesus in Past and Present
The_Denial_of_the_Historicity_of_Jesus_in_Past_and_Present
American genealogist and writer (1840–1895)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Sarah_Elizabeth_Titcomb
French archaeologist
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Charles_Virolleaud
(1784–1844) – Freethinker and radical. Thomas L. Thompson (born 1939) – Danish Biblical scholar and theologian. Farrell Till (1933–2012) – American skeptic. Charles
List of Christ myth theory proponents
List_of_Christ_myth_theory_proponents
German Protestant theologian (1850-1906)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Albert_Kalthoff
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Gilbert_T._Sadler
Biblical figure and Israelite monarch
his own military leaders. Saul's son-in-law David then became king. The biblical narrative of Saul's rise to kingship and his death contains several textual
Saul
British professor of German and rationalist (1926–2017)
rather than a historical figure, a theory that was pioneered by German biblical scholars such as Bruno Bauer and Arthur Drews. From the late 1990s, Wells
G._A._Wells
1975 book by George Albert Wells
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Did_Jesus_Exist?_(Wells_book)
British theologian & academic (1879-1963)
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
H._G._Wood
v t e Christ myth theory Biblical minimalism Historicity of the Bible Textual criticism Criticism of the Bible People whose existence is disputed Proponents
Mythicist_Milwaukee
2014 book by Richard Carrier
an academic biblical studies publisher, in June 2014 and revised in 2023. The book compares a 'minimal-historicity model' to a 'minimal-mythicism model'
On_the_Historicity_of_Jesus
Gum resin
a brown viscous liquid which will easily resinify over time even with minimal exposure to air obtained by solvent-extraction from the gum oleo-resin
Galbanum
2001 book by William G. Dever
the biblical maximalists who take the Bible at, or almost entirely at, face value. In his first two chapters Dever reviews and rejects both minimalism and
What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?
What_Did_the_Biblical_Writers_Know_and_When_Did_They_Know_It?
King of Judah
Hezekiah (/ˌhɛzɪˈkaɪ.ə/; Biblical Hebrew: חִזְקִיָּהוּ, romanized: Ḥizqiyyāhū), or Ezekias (born c. 741 BCE, sole ruler c. 716/15–687/86 BCE), was the
Hezekiah
1999 book by Thomas L. Thompson
Testament at the University of Copenhagen. Its US title is The Mythic Past: Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of Israel. The theme of The Bible in History is
The_Bible_in_History
Person who takes dictation or copies what another writes
"Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 28. Catholic Biblical Association of America: 465–477. Bahr, Gordon J. (1968)
Amanuensis
Units of measurement in Jewish religious texts
Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement were used primarily by ancient Israelites and appear frequently within the Hebrew Bible as well as in later
Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement
Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement
BIBLICAL MINIMALISM
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