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Descendants of Ali, cousin of Muhammad
son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Alids have led various movements in Islam. The direct line of Alids, beginning with Ali himself, constitutes
Alids
Topics referred to by the same term
An Alid revolt (Arabic: ثورة العلويين, romanized: Thawrat al-ʿAlawiyyīn) can refer to any rebellion by Alid partisans against the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates:
Alid_revolt
Pro-Alid Arab revolutionary (c.622–687)
an enemy of the Alids, who used their name to gain power, and executed Husayn's killers to consolidate his support among the Pro-Alids. According to Wellhausen
Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi
Iranian dynasty
University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. Madelung, W. (1985). "ʿALIDS OF ṬABARESTĀN, DAYLAMĀN, AND GĪLĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc
Alid dynasties of northern Iran
Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran
Umayyad general and governor (died 686)
struggled against rebel Qaysi tribes in the Jazira before advancing against the Alids and Zubayrids of Iraq. However, he was slain and his forces routed at the
Ubayd_Allah_ibn_Ziyad
Revolt in the Abbasid Caliphate
The Alid revolt of 762–763 or Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul was an uprising by the Hasanid branch of the Alids against the newly established Abbasid
Alid_revolt_of_762–763
Seventh of the Isma'ili Shia Imams (740–813)
of the Alids. However, due to the rival group that recognised Musa al-Kazim as their imam, and the Abbasid Caliphate's persecution of all Alid partisans
Muhammad_ibn_Isma'il
Country in North Africa
from the Aghlabids, backed by the Abbasid Caliphate, in the east, and the Alid Idrisids in the west. Due to the strict religious nature of Ibadi society
Algeria
Battle in June 786 between the Abbasids and al-Husayn ibn Ali
raised a revolt in Daylam in 792. At the news of the Alids' defeat, al-Umari burned the houses of the Alids and their supporters and confiscated their properties
Battle_of_Fakhkh
Descendants of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad
romanized: Banū al-Ḥusayn or حسینیون, Ḥusayniyyūn) are a branch of the Alids who are descendants of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet
Husaynids
Series of military incursions against the governorship of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Egypt emerged as a pivotal battleground; the province was initially held by Alid-aligned governors, but faced mounting opposition from local factions demanding
Umayyad invasions of Egypt (657–658)
Umayyad_invasions_of_Egypt_(657–658)
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
Gangohi – Deobandi Shia Islam Zaydism Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen
Islam
Umayyad-era Muslim civil war (680–692)
al-Zubayr had allied with the Kharijites, who opposed the Umayyads and the Alids. After claiming the caliphate, he denounced their religious views and refused
Second_Fitna
Descendant from the family of Muhammad
descendant of Ali, a son of Abu Talib and a paternal cousin of Muhammad (the Alids), especially but not exclusively through Ali's marriage with Muhammad's
Sharif
Islamic leader from Kufa (died 685)
Arab historian al-Baladhuri, two years after Hasan's abdication, Kufan pro-Alids led by Ibn Surad offered Hasan support of 40,000 troops and encouraged him
Sulayman_ibn_Surad
680 battle in Iraq
resented Umayyad rule. While in Mecca, Husayn received letters from pro-Alids in Kufa informing him that they were tired of the Umayyad rule, which they
Battle_of_Karbala
Tenth of the Twelve Shia Imams (828–868)
also pushed many Alids in the Hejaz and Egypt into destitution. The caliph is said to have punished those who traded with the Alids, thus isolating them
Ali_al-Hadi
8th-century Alid and Zaydi leader
between the Abbasid dynasty and the Alids was ambivalent and underwent many changes. The Abbasids tried to secure Alid support, or at least acquiescence
Yahya_ibn_Abdallah
Grandson of Muhammad and the 3rd Imam
resented Umayyad rule. While in Mecca, Husayn received letters from pro-Alids in Kufa informing him that they were tired of the Umayyad rule, which they
Husayn_ibn_Ali
1st Abbasid vizier and confidant of Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi
Abbasids and the Alids, soon after his accession. He quickly became one of the Caliph's closest advisors, placing his contacts with the Alids in the service
Ya'qub_ibn_Dawud
Descendant of Hasan ibn Ali
confronted by the local garrison. Over the following days, the partisans of the Alids (al-Mubayyiḍa, the 'wearers of white') and the Abbasids (al-Musawwida, the
Al-Husayn_ibn_Ali_al-Abid
Country in West Asia
provinces. After the Battle of Karbala in 680, Iraq became the primary locus of Alid political opposition, a legacy that the Abbasid Caliphate later mobilized
Iraq
Clan of the Quraysh tribe and clan of Muhammad
(through Ali ibn Abi Talib's children Al-Hasan & Al-Hussein) Indo-Persia Alids of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana) Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan
Banu_Hashim
686 battle near Mosul, Iraq
Battle of Khazir. Ubayd Allah, its commander, was a sworn enemy of the Alids. To halt the Umayyad advance, Mukhtar deployed his mawali-dominated forces
Battle_of_Khazir
Second Islamic caliphate (661–750)
early Muslim converts, the latter of whom were divided between the pro-Alids (loyalists of Ali) and the Kharijites, who followed their own strict interpretation
Umayyad_Caliphate
Sevener Ismaili Shia group
militant movement led by an Arabized dynasty of Persian descent. Claiming an Alid descent, the Qarmatians were centred in al-Ahsa in Eastern Arabia, where
Qarmatians
Descendants of Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad
brother of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and grandson of Muhammad. They are a branch of the Alids (the descendants of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib), and one of the two most important
Hasanids
10th century. He played a major role in the succession disputes of the Alids of Tabaristan, and managed to establish himself as the ruler of Tabaristan
Asfar_ibn_Shiruya
after his accession, because of his opposition to his Alid overlord, he was deposed by the Alid Hasan ibn Zayd, who then made Khurshid's brother Justan
Khurshid_of_Daylam
Shia Imam (632–661) and Rashidun caliph (656–661)
of Ali are known as the Alids. Mu'awiya succeeded Ali in 661 and founded the dynastic Umayyad Caliphate, during which Alids were severely persecuted
Ali
Kazakh historian (1846–1913)
Qurbān-ʻAlī Khālidī (Kazakh: Халиди Құрбанғали, Halidi Qūrbanğali; Russian: Курбангали Халиди, 1846–1913) was a Kazakh historian, focusing mainly on the
Qurbān-ʻAlī_Khālidī
Volcano in Eritrea
The Alid Volcano is a stratovolcano located in the Northern Red Sea region of Eritrea in the Danakil Depression. The peak elevation from its base is 904
Alid_Volcano
City in Qom province, Iran
male Alids lived in Qom in 988–89, and they produced a good number of community leaders and there is also mention of one prominent female ʿAlid besides
Qom
7th-century Arab military commander
sent his cousin Muslim ibn Aqil to Kufa in response to calls from the pro-Alids to overthrow the Umayyads. Shimr, along with various other tribal notables
Shimr
State in present-day northern Iran from 651 to 1349
drove out the Alids in 900, but in 914 a relative of Hasan ibn Zayd, Hasan al-Utrush, managed to drive out the Samanids, restore Alid control over the
Bavand_dynasty
1090–1256 Nizari state in northwest Iran and Syria
Masmughans of Damavand (651–760) Paduspanids (655–1598) Early Shia rulers Alids (864–900, 914–928) Asfar ibn Shiruya (928–930) Ziyarid dynasty (930–1090)
Nizari_Ismaili_state
9th-century Alid Imam
also known as Sahib al-Talaqan (lit. 'The Honoured of Talaqan'), was an Alid who led an unsuccessful Zaydi revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in Talaqan
Muhammad ibn al-Qasim (Sahib al-Talaqan)
Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim_(Sahib_al-Talaqan)
Abbasid-era Muslim civil war (811–819)
^ b: The relationship between the Abbasids and the Alids was troubled and underwent many changes. The Alids, claiming descent from Muhammad, had been the focal
Fourth_Fitna
Pakistani community and surname
lesser extent, in Sindh and Balochistan. The tribe claim Arab, particularly Alid, origin through its primary ancestor Qutub Shah, who is said to have came
Awan_(tribe)
Branch of Shia Islam
Islam in 805, the ancient family of Justan's became connected to the Zaydi Alids of the Daylam region. Thus the rulers of Daylam were also called the Justanids
Zaydism
Eighth of the Twelve Shia Imams (766–818)
heir. The appointment of the Alid al-Rida by the Abbasid al-Mamun apparently brought him the support of several notable Alids and nearly all the Zaydite
Ali_al-Rida
caused reactions among some of the Alids, accustomed to be led by a member of the Hasanid line; as a result, some Alids refused to recognize his authority
Abu_Ahmad_al-Husayn_ibn_Musa
9th century Hasanid Alid
rebellion are not clear, but may be connected to the renewed persecution of the Alids under the Abbasid caliphs from al-Mutawakkil's reign onward. After fifty
Isma'il_ibn_Yusuf
of Ali Life Birthplace First Fitna Assassination Timeline of Ali's life Alids Event of Ghadir Khumm Legacy Ali-Illahism Nahj al-Balagha Al-Ghadir Zulfiqar
Sunni_view_of_Ali
Muslim community in South Asia
Rabi'a (al-Sahba). Alvi (disambiguation) Lewis 2012. Lewis, B. (2012). "ʿAlids". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs
Alvi
Opinions or practices which vary from official positions
of heterodox solidarity in a Sunni-controlled empire. The cause of the Alids thus became a rallying point for a diverse range of heterodox Islamic movements
Heterodoxy
Son of Musa al-Kazim
to the Alids and designated Ibrahim's brother Ali ibn Musa al-Rida as his heir to the caliphate, while at the same time pardoning several Alids who had
Ibrahim_ibn_Musa_al-Kazim
Iranian Daylamite military leader (died 940)
father, Makan served as an officer in the army of the Alids of Tabaristan, a Zaydi branch of the Alids that had established an independent emirate in Tabaristan
Makan_ibn_Kaki
Graveyard in Damascus, Syria
Retrieved 12 March 2018. Mulder, Stephennie (2014). "3". The Shrines of the 'Alids in Medieval Syria: Sunnis, Shi'is and the Architecture of Coexistence. Edinburgh:
Bab_al-Saghir_Cemetery
Largest main branch of Islam
Gangohi – Deobandi Shia Islam Zaydism Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen
Sunni_Islam
Persian poet (1185–1248)
An array of mystical poetry, laden with devotional sentiments and strong 'Alid inclinations, has been attributed to Shams-i Tabrīzī across the Persian Islamic
Shams_Tabrizi
8th-century Abbasid Governor of Medina
not meddling with the power struggles for the Caliphate, and unlike many Alids he acquiesced to the Abbasids' seizure of power after the Abbasid Revolution
Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan
8th-century ruler of part of Iran
Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830. Madelung, W. "ʿALIDS OF ṬABARESTĀN, DAYLAMĀN, AND GĪLĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
Muhammad_ibn_Zayd
Status of Ali in Shia Islam
of Ali Life Birthplace First Fitna Assassination Timeline of Ali's life Alids Event of Ghadir Khumm Legacy Ali-Illahism Nahj al-Balagha Al-Ghadir Zulfiqar
Shia_view_of_Ali
Third Islamic caliphate
year, although Qahtaba died on the way. To pre-empt any attempt by the Alids (those descended from Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali) to put forth
Abbasid_Caliphate
Umayyad governor and Kinda tribe chieftain (died 686)
latter's brother and governor of Iraq, Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, against the pro-Alid ruler of Kufa, Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, at the Battle of Harura in 686. Muhammad
Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Kindi
Muhammad_ibn_al-Ash'ath_al-Kindi
Custodian of the Imam Husayn Shrine (died 912)
al-Muntasir was more merciful towards the Shias, and sympathetic with the Alids, allowing them to freely visit the grave of Husayn. al-Mujab became the
Ibrahim_al-Mujab
Former emirate
held power; Medina is reported to have been ruled by the Ja'farids (the Alids' rivals, descendants of Ali's brother Ja'far ibn Abi Talib) at some point
Sharifate_of_Medina
Emir of Tabaristan
ISBN 0-521-20093-8. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hasan ibn Zayd. Madelung, W. "ʿALIDS OF ṬABARESTĀN, DAYLAMĀN, AND GĪLĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
Hasan_ibn_Zayd
4th Abbasid caliph (r. 785–786)
al-Mahdi previously assigned them due to fear of an Alid uprising. He ordered his agents to watch all 'Alids' activities and place some spies among them and
Al-Hadi
Battle in 685 between the Umayyad army and the Penitents
regard. Political supporters of the fourth caliph Ali and his descendants (Alids). Umayyads of the line of Muawiyah and Yazid; descendants of Abu Sufyan
Battle_of_Ayn_al-Warda
The Battle of Gorgan took place in 900, between the Alids of Tabristan and the Samanids of Khorasan at Gorgan, northern Iran. The battle, which took place
Battle_of_Gorgan_(900)
Seventh of the Twelve Shia Imams (745–799)
climax during the caliphate of Harun, who is said to have killed hundreds of Alids. Harun also arrested al-Kazim, brought him to Baghdad, and was apparently
Musa_al-Kazim
School of Islamic jurisprudence
Gangohi – Deobandi Shia Islam Zaydism Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen
Maliki_school
Leading Qurayshi of Medina (died 692)
caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr from April 685 until his ouster by the pro-Alid leader al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi in August 685.[citation needed] He was a military
Abd_Allah_ibn_Muti
Ancient royal dynasty state
Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999
Median_dynasty
Arab leader of Mecca-based caliphate from 683 to 692
leader. An exception were the Banu Hashim clan to which Muhammad and the Alids belonged and whose support Ibn al-Zubayr deemed important for his own legitimacy
Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr
680–685 Islamic movement
the Penitent's uprising refers to the uprising of a group of Kufan pro-Alids after the Battle of Karbala to take revenge for the murder of Husayn ibn
Tawwabin_uprising
Prophet Mhummad's mule
ʿAlī rode upon her at the battle of the Camel and at Ṣiffīn. She is an Alid symbol in Shia Islam. The first Safavid Emperor, Ismail I, rose to power
Duldul_(mule)
Muslim scholar and Shia imam (c.702–765)
al-Mansur, the Abbasid caliph, conducted a brutal campaign against the Alids and their supporters. This doctrine is based on verse 16:106 of the Quran
Ja'far_al-Sadiq
8th-century leader of the Abbasid family
al-Hanafiyya and grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and leader (imam) of the Alid legitimist Kaysanite Shi'a movement of the Hashimiyya. Abu Hashim also moved
Ibrahim_al-Imam
Descendant of Muhammad and revolutionary leader (died 762)
trenches dug by the Prophet to fortify the city decades earlier. Abbasids Alids Abdullah Shah Ghazi, son of Muhammad Ja'far al-Sadiq Nafs-e-Zakiyyah (Pure
Muhammad_al-Nafs_al-Zakiyya
Great-grandfather of Muhammad (c. 464–497)
Safavid dynasty of Persia (through Abul Qasim Humza bin Musa al Kadhim) Alid of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana) Zaydi dynasty of Tabarstan
Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf
Abbasid military commander under al-Ma'mun
collection in Iraq. In 815 he was one of the chief commanders that put down the Alid uprising of Abu al-Saraya al-Sari ibn Mansur in Iraq, defeating the rebel
Ali_ibn_Abi_Sa'id
788–974 Arab dynasty ruling in the western Maghreb
western Algeria. Named after the founder, Idris I, the Idrisids were an Alid dynasty descended from Muhammad through his grandson Hasan. Their reign played
Idrisid_dynasty
5th Abbasid caliph (r. 786–809)
to those of his father Al-Mahdi. He released many of the Umayyads and 'Alids his brother Al-Hadi had imprisoned and declared amnesty for all political
Harun_al-Rashid
Sufi mystic and poet (1207–1273)
Gangohi – Deobandi Shia Islam Zaydism Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen
Rumi
Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2 Lewis, B. (1960). "ʿAlids". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis
List of revolutions and rebellions
List_of_revolutions_and_rebellions
Abbasid missionary
the de facto ruler of Kufa and of the movement, and tried to install an Alid as caliph at the head of the Revolution. His efforts failed, and the Khurasani
Abu Salama Hafs ibn Sulayman al-Khallal
Abu_Salama_Hafs_ibn_Sulayman_al-Khallal
Anti-Abbasid rebel leader (died 815)
scholars suggest that Abu'l-Saraya was not motivated by pro-Alid zeal, but merely saw the Alids as a tool to gain power. The uprising was initially successful
Ibn_Tabataba
Place where Ali ibn Abi Talib was born
of Ali Life Birthplace First Fitna Assassination Timeline of Ali's life Alids Event of Ghadir Khumm Legacy Ali-Illahism Nahj al-Balagha Al-Ghadir Zulfiqar
Birthplace_of_Ali
leadership of Syria. At the beginning of the Abbasid realm in Baghdad, the Alids faced severe persecution by the ruling party as they were a direct threat
History_of_Islam
Iranian dynasty (665–1598)
Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999
Baduspanids
Member of the Iranian royal family (1830–1885)
Nimatullahi Sufi order. This relationship was no doubt facilitated by the common Alid heritage that Aqa Ali Shah and the Nimatullahis shared: both Shah Nimatullah
Aga_Khan_II
Islamic term for denominational practice or theology
Gangohi – Deobandi Shia Islam Zaydism Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen
Aqidah
Alid political and religious leader (c. 637–700)
Thought. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748621946. Daftary, F. (2008). "ʿAlids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds
Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyya
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
August 2026. "Extremist Ahmed Alid guilty of Hartlepool knife murder". BBC. Retrieved 1 August 2026. "R. v Ahmed Ali Alid" (PDF). www.judiciary.uk. Retrieved
Sentencing_Act_2020
Armed uprisings by Muhakkima Secessionists against Ali (657–661)
Sunnis. They are considered to have committed attacks against both the Alids and the Umayyads. The Mu'tazilites and the Kharijites both favoured political
Kharijite Rebellions (657–661)
Kharijite_Rebellions_(657–661)
Supreme political and religious leadership position
leadership position. In common with other Shi'a sects, it is reserved for Alids—i.e., descendants of Muhammad via Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatimah. Unlike
Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine
Symbol of surrender
their symbolic color as a reminder of Muhammad's first battle at Badr. The Alids and the Fatimid dynasty also used white in opposition to the Abbasids, who
White_flag
Arab Muslim dynasty of Zaragoza (1039–1110) and ruled al-Andalus from 1228–1237
854–1011 Emirate of Multan 855–1010 Kaysites 860–964 Shirvanshah 861–1538 Alid dynasties of northern Iran 864–14th century Hashimids 869–1075 Hamdanids
Banu_Hud
Province of Iran
the north. They came to prominence around 660 and during the rule of the ʿAlids were their vassals. Later, they were vassals of the Buyids and Bavandids
Mazandaran_province
Arab monarchy (c. 268–602)
854–1011 Emirate of Multan 855–1010 Kaysites 860–964 Shirvanshah 861–1538 Alid dynasties of northern Iran 864–14th century Hashimids 869–1075 Hamdanids
Lakhmid_kingdom
Mosque and mausoleum of Ali
clay topped with a green finial. The shrine was later expanded under the Alid ruler al-Da'i al-Saghir in Tabaristan, when a third structure of remarkable
Imam_Ali_Shrine
Noble Alid family from Karbala
Following the assassination of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil in 861, the Alids experienced a period of relative security under his son and successor, al-Muntasir
Al_Faiz_family
Son of Zayd ibn Ali
which had been operating semi-independently until then on behalf of the Alids in general, towards accepting the leadership of the Abbasids. The Abbasids
Yahya_ibn_Zayd
9th-century rebel of Abbasid government
scholars suggest that Abu'l-Saraya was not motivated by pro-Alid zeal, but merely saw the Alids as a tool to gain power. The uprising was initially successful
Abu'l-Saraya
Mahdist Sufi mystic order
Gangohi – Deobandi Shia Islam Zaydism Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen
Mahdavi_movement
Archaeological site in Iran
Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999
Rahmatabad_Mound
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, while the Sunni majority rejected the Alids' hereditary claim. By the mid-10th century, three rival caliphates had emerged:
Crusades
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