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American climatologist
Alan Robock (born 1949) is an American climatologist. He is currently a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers
Alan_Robock
Scenario of civilization collapse or human extinction by nuclear weapons
modern technology due to electromagnetic pulses. Some scientists, such as Alan Robock, have speculated that a thermonuclear war could result in the end of
Nuclear_holocaust
Hypothetical climatic effect of nuclear war
lower the Earth's surface temperature. The severity of this cooling in Alan Robock's model suggests that the cumulative products of 100 of these firestorms
Nuclear_winter
Solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface
Eruptions Corrected for the Effect of Diffuse Radiation on Tree Rings. Alan Robock, 2005. See Figure 1 for a graphic of the recorded change in solar iiradiation"
Diffuse_sky_radiation
Oil wells burned by the Iraqi military during the Gulf War
few nuclear winter papers along with Richard P. Turco, John W. Birks, Alan Robock and Paul Crutzen together collectively stated that they expected catastrophic
Kuwaiti_oil_fires
Catastrophic volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815
Asia Forum, Australian National University, accessed 27 April 2015. Alan Robock. "Volcanic eruptions and climate" (PDF). Retrieved 11 March 2016. Spadin
1815 eruption of Mount Tambora
1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora
Nuclear Disarmament. 4 (sup1): 163–175. doi:10.1080/25751654.2021.1882772. Robock, Alan; Xia, Lili; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Coupe, Joshua; Toon, Owen B.; Bardeen
Nuclear_weapon
American solar geoengineering company
cooling unilaterally, bypassing international discussion and consensus. Alan Robock, Rutgers University researcher, warns that unilateral geoengineering
Stardust_Solutions
Possible famine caused by nuclear war
agriculture and food supply systems worldwide. Several studies led by Alan Robock of Rutgers University describe this possibility. A 2007 analysis using
Nuclear_famine
Residual radioactive material following a nuclear blast
moss, lichen, algae, bacteria, mollusks, and viruses. Climatologist Alan Robock and atmospheric and oceanic sciences professor Brian Toon created a model
Nuclear_fallout
Part of the post-WWII era and the Cold War
"Russia warns about nuclear war possibility". www.aa.com.tr. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Nuclear_arms_race
British volcanologist
ISBN 978-0199254699) Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere edited by Alan Robock and Clive Oppenheimer, (2004, Wiley ISBN 978-0875909981) Volcanic Degassing
Clive_Oppenheimer
High intensity conflagration
original (PDF) on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2016. and Lili Xia; Alan Robock; Kim J N Scherrer; et al. (15 August 2022). "Global food insecurity and
Firestorm
Philip Yam. Nuclear Exchange, Scientific American, June 2010, p. 24. Alan Robock and Owen Brian Toon. Local Nuclear War, Global Suffering, Scientific
Effects of nuclear explosions on human health
Effects_of_nuclear_explosions_on_human_health
Large-scale patterns in the atmospheric pressure field that are nearly stationary
from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2016. Alan Robock (May 2000). "Volcanic Eruptions and Climate" (PDF). Reviews of Geophysics
Block_(meteorology)
professor of Earth System Science at University of California, Irvine Alan Robock (1941–), American climatologist, professor at Rutgers University Joeri
List_of_climate_scientists
Period after the Gulf War
few nuclear winter papers along with Richard P. Turco, John W. Birks, Alan Robock and Paul Crutzen together collectively stated that they expected catastrophic
Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War
Russian physicist
that included Alan Robock, took a pact not to raise the alarm as they thought it conceivable that he had defected to the West. Robock would later regret
Vladimir_Alexandrov
Sheldon Glashow, Sheldon Krimsky, Stuart Newman, Richard J. Roberts, Alan Robock, Frederick P. Salvucci, Elaine Scarry, Mriganka Sur, scientists and academics
2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts
American philosopher
Test for Geoengineering?”, Science, Vol. 237, 2010, pp. 530–531 (with Alan Robock, Ben Kravitz, and Georgiy L. Stenchikov) “Geoengineering Research: Shouldn't
Martin_Bunzl
plate boundaries has shown a correlation between eruptions and climate. Alan Robock theorizes that volcanic activity can influence climate and can lead to
History_of_geophysics
Applied mathematician and climate scientist
effect called nuclear winter. Since 1992, Stenchikov has worked with Alan Robock on the effects of explosive volcanism on Earth's climate in the Department
Georgiy_L._Stenchikov
Peace due to nuclear deterrence
and the United States. The Red Sea Press, 1989, p. 2. Toon, Owen B.; Robock, Alan; Turco, Richard P. (December 2008). "Environmental consequences of nuclear
Pax_Atomica
Journalist
Additional recipients of this award were John Birks, Paul Crutzen, Alan Robock, Carl Sagan, Georgiy Stenchikov, Brian Toon, and Richard Turco. Jeannie
Jeannie_Peterson
College of the University of Maryland
Pinker Antonio Busalacchi Jr. Andrew Dessler Helmut Landsberg Cliff Mass Alan Robock Jagadish Shukla "Departments". Retrieved 10 August 2015. "UMD Timeline"
University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences
University_of_Maryland_College_of_Computer,_Mathematical,_and_Natural_Sciences
Award given by the American Meteorological Society
atmospheric flows, and tropical cyclone intensity and structure. 2015 Alan Robock. For fundamental contributions toward understanding the climatic effects
Jule_G._Charney_Award
Volcano in Chiapas, Mexico
521pp Robock, Alan, 1984: Climate model simulations of the effects of the El Chichón eruption. Geofísica Internacional, 23, 403-414. Robock, Alan and Michael
El_Chichón
Temperature anomaly event caused by a volcanic eruption
doi:10.1016/0033-5894(82)90065-5. ISSN 0033-5894. S2CID 140594715. Robock, Alan (May 2000). "Volcanic eruptions and climate". Reviews of Geophysics.
Volcanic_winter
1893 painting by Edvard Munch
Bibcode:2017Wthr...72..115F. doi:10.1002/wea.2786. S2CID 125733901. Prata, Fred; Robock, Alan; Hamblyn, Richard (1 July 2018). "The Sky in Edvard Munch's The Scream"
The_Scream
Unidentified volcanic eruption
original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023. Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik
1452/1453_mystery_eruption
Volcanic event known through indirect evidence
from the original on 2003-02-22. Retrieved 2025-12-22. Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik
Unexplained_volcanic_eruption
Volcanic supereruption 74,000 years ago in Indonesia
Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1955R. doi:10.1126/science.8266085. PMID 8266085. Robock, A.; Ammann, C.M.; Oman, L.; Shindell, D.; Levis, S.; Stenchikov, G. (2009)
Youngest_Toba_eruption
Volcano on eastern Umnak Island in the central-eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska
Bibcode:2022JGRB..12724656K. doi:10.1029/2022jb024656. Kravitz, Ben; Robock, Alan; Bourassa, Adam (27 January 2010). "Negligible climatic effects from
Mount_Okmok
Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
perspectives". VJSCHR. Natf. Ges. Zürich. 154: 31–40. Retrieved 29 December 2020. Robock, A. (15 February 2002). "PINATUBO ERUPTION: The Climatic Aftermath". Science
Caldera
Cooling period in Northern Hemisphere caused by volcanic eruptions
Roman Empire. Capstone Paper. Retrieved 29 December 2023. Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik
Volcanic_winter_of_536
Military conflict that deploys nuclear weaponry
China". Science & Global Security. Retrieved 2026-02-21. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Nuclear_warfare
"Looking Back at the 1982 eruption of el Chichón in Mexico". Wired. Robock, Alan (2002), "Volcanic eruption, El Chichon" (PDF), The Earth System: Physical
List of volcanic eruptions 1500–2000
List_of_volcanic_eruptions_1500–2000
Volcanic eruption in Indonesia
Bibcode:2011ClDy...37.2373Z. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0967-z. S2CID 54881452. Robock, Alan (27 August 2013). "The Latest on Volcanic Eruptions and Climate". Eos
1257_Samalas_eruption
Large volcanic eruption of uncertain location
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992.00011.x. ISSN 0280-6509. Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik
1458_mystery_eruption
Substances consumed for human nutrition
Archived from the original on 2022-04-11. Retrieved 2022-04-11. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Human_food
Volcanic fissure in Iceland
University of Iceland Press. p. 41. ISBN 9979-54-244-6. Oman, Luke; Robock, Alan; Stenchikov, Georgiy L.; Thordarson, Thorvaldur (September 30, 2006)
Laki
Volcanic eruption about 40,000 years ago
volcanological constraints on volcanic sulfur emissions to the atmosphere", in Robock, Alan; Oppenheimer, Clive (eds.), Geophysical Monograph Series, vol. 139, Washington
Campanian_Ignimbrite_eruption
3188–3203. Bibcode:2009TSF...517.3188W. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.005. Robock, A.; C.M. Ammann; L. Oman; D. Shindell; S. Levis; G. Stenchikov (2009).
Timeline of volcanism on Earth
Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth
American ecologist
2021-07-24. Trisos, Christopher H.; Amatulli, Giuseppe; Gurevitch, Jessica; Robock, Alan; Xia, Lili; Zambri, Brian (2018). "Potentially dangerous consequences
Jessica_Gurevitch
original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Global_catastrophe_scenarios
Volcano in southern Peru
0146776. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4709040. PMID 26751947. Zambri, Brian; Robock, Alan (1 December 2017). "Volcanic Eruptions as the Cause of the Little Ice
Huaynaputina
Unintended release of gases
Bréon; Collins; Fuglestvedt; Huang; Koch; Lamarque; Lee; Mendoza; Nakajima; Robock; Stephens; Takemura; Zhang (2013). "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative
Fugitive_emission
Climatic cooling after the Medieval Warm Period (16th–19th centuries)
Bibcode:1998GeoRL..25.1749F. doi:10.1029/98GL01177. S2CID 128608360. Robock, Alan (21 December 1979). "The "Little Ice Age": Northern Hemisphere Average
Little_Ice_Age
Bilateral relations
Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-68225-1 Özdoğan, Mutlu; Robock, Alan; Kucharik, Christopher J. (2013), "Impacts of a nuclear war in South
India–Pakistan_relations
Processes by which nutritional substances are grown, raised, packaged and distributed
food crisis | World Food Programme". www.wfp.org. Retrieved 2023-02-26. Robock, Alan; Toon, Owen Brian (2012-03-01). "Self-assured destruction: The climate
Food_system
Hypothetical future global conflict
hardcover ed.). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-9007-4. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
World_War_III
Proposed cloud-seeding technique
1029/2012GL054286. ISSN 1944-8007. Kravitz, Ben; Caldeira, Ken; Boucher, Olivier; Robock, Alan; Rasch, Philip J.; Alterskjær, Kari; Karam, Diana Bou; Cole, Jason N
Marine_cloud_brightening
Reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching Earth's surface
Cool a Planet (Maybe)". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 April 2009. Robock, Alan; Marquardt, Allison; Kravitz, Ben; Stenchikov, Georgiy (2009). "Benefits
Global_dimming
Caldera in Catamarca Province, Argentina
2006, p. 29. Vélez et al. 2020, p. 3. Newhall, Chris; Self, Stephen; Robock, Alan (1 April 2018). "Anticipating future Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
Cerro_Blanco_(volcano)
Frontier. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21332-4. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
India–Pakistan wars and conflicts
India–Pakistan_wars_and_conflicts
Country in Oceania
original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2020. Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; J. P. Steffenson; Henrik Brink Clausen;
Vanuatu
felt war being lost – US intelligence chief". The Guardian. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Russia and weapons of mass destruction
Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Concept for changes to the energy flows through a planetary atmosphere
2021-01-12. Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24. Robock, Alan (2000-05-01). "Volcanic eruptions and climate". Reviews of Geophysics
Radiative_forcing
Atmospheric phenomenon causing planetary cooling
PMC 5148108. PMID 27792417. Stenchikov, Georgiy L.; Kirchner, Ingo; Robock, Alan; Graf, Hans-F.; Antuña, Juan Carlos; Grainger, R. G.; Lambert, Alyn;
Anti-greenhouse_effect
American community ecologist and associate professor
Cheryl S.; Hellmann, Jessica J.; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Kothari, Shan; Robock, Alan; Tilmes, Simone; Visioni, Daniele (2021-04-13). "Potential ecological
Phoebe_L._Zarnetske
Type of pollution from oil and natural gas drilling and coal mining
Bréon; Collins; Fuglestvedt; Huang; Koch; Lamarque; Lee; Mendoza; Nakajima; Robock; Stephens; Takemura; Zhang (2013). "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative
Fugitive_gas_emissions
Large-scale methods to reflect sunlight and cool Earth
1038/s41586-018-0417-3. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30089909. Clark, Brendan; Robock, Alan; Xia, Lili; Rabin, Sam S.; Guarin, Jose R.; Hoogenboom, Gerrit; Jägermeyr
Solar_radiation_modification
Risk of nuclear conflict during the Russo-Ukrainian war
on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022. Toon, Owen Brian; Robock, Alan (16 June 2025), "Scenarios for War and Near Misses", Earth in Flames
Nuclear risk during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0045.1. ISSN 0894-8755. PMC 8793621. PMID 35095187. Robock, Alan (1 May 2000). "Volcanic eruptions and climate". Reviews of Geophysics
Earth's_energy_budget
British volcanologist
Geological Society of America in 1986. Newhall, Chris; Self, Stephen; Robock, Alan (28 February 2018). "Anticipating future Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
Stephen_Self
Sources of methane gas in Earth's atmosphere
J. Huang, D. Koch, J.-F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhang (2013) "Anthropogenic and Natural
Methane_emissions
Persistent cold-core low-pressure area that circles one of the poles
regions. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-521-62430-5. Robock, Alan (2000). "Volcanic eruptions and climate" (PDF). Reviews of Geophysics
Polar_vortex
doi:10.1175/JCLI3866.1. Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.; Grody, Norman C.; Robock, Alan; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Jones, Philip D.; Goldberg, Mitchell D. (2006)
Microwave Sounding Unit temperature measurements
Microwave_Sounding_Unit_temperature_measurements
Bilateral relations
nuclear forces". Associated Press. Retrieved October 17, 2019. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Russia–United States relations
Russia–United_States_relations
Decrease in wind speed near Earth's surface
Climatol 37(1): 480–492. doi:10.1002/joc.4720 Xu M, Chang CP, Fu C, Qi Y, Robock A, Robinson D, Zhang H (2006) Steady decline of East Asian monsoon winds
Global_terrestrial_stilling
Movement opposing nuclear energy and weapons due to environmental and safety concerns
Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2022. Robock, Alan; Toon, Owen Brian (January 2010). "South Asian Threat? Local Nuclear
Anti-nuclear_movement
famine, says study". phys.org. Retrieved 5 April 2020. Jägermeyr, Jonas; Robock, Alan; Elliott, Joshua; Müller, Christoph; Xia, Lili; Khabarov, Nikolay; Folberth
January–March_2020_in_science
Heneghan, Ryan; Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Neubauer, Philipp; Rangel, Victor; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Stevenson, Samantha; Toon, Owen B. (7 July 2022). "A
2022_in_science
Planetary and atmospheric scientist; studies the atmospheres of Earth and Mars
original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021. Toon, Owen B.; Robock, Alan; Turco, Richard P. (December 2008). "Environmental consequences of nuclear
Joel_S._Levine
Theory attributing the input and output of carbon into the environment to capitalism
in the City of Light Generate More Heat.” Nature News 528(7583):437. Robock, Alan, Kirsten Jerch, and Martin Bunzl. "20 Reasons Why Geoengineering may
Carbon_rift
Balanced growth of nutritional substances and their distribution
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23969-5_1. ISBN 978-3-030-23968-8. Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl
Sustainable_food_system
Cheryl S.; Hellmann, Jessica J.; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Kothari, Shan; Robock, Alan; Tilmes, Simone; Visioni, Daniele (13 April 2021). "Potential ecological
2021_in_climate_change
ALAN ROBOCK
ALAN ROBOCK
Male
English
English variant spelling of Celtic Alan, possibly ALANN means "little rock."Â
Male
English
Handsome One
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Celtic Alan, possibly ALUN means "little rock."Â
Girl/Female
Indian
Little rock, Handsome
Male
Romanian
Romanian name, possibly derived from the word alina, ALIN means "to soothe."Â
Male
Turkish
Turkish name ALTAN means "dawn."
Male
French
French form of Celtic Alan, ALAIN means "little rock."Â
Male
English
(×ַלï‹×Ÿ) Variant spelling of English Allon, ALON means "oak tree."
Boy/Male
English
From St. Alban.
Boy/Male
American, Armenian, Australian, British, Celtic, Chinese, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, English, French, Gaelic, German, Indian, Irish, Swedish, Swiss
God of Shine; Handsome; Cheerful; Rock; Comely; Peace; Little Rock; Noble; Rock or Noble
Female
Hawaiian
Hawaiian name ALANI means "orange tree."
Male
Hebrew
(×¢Ö²× Ö¸×Ÿ) Hebrew name ANAN means "cloud." In the bible, this is the name of one of heads of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. Compare with another form of Anan.
Male
English
English variant spelling of Celtic Alan, possibly ALEN means "little rock."Â
Male
English
English name derived from Latin Albanus, ALBAN means "like Albus," i.e. "white."
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Celtic Alan, possibly ALANO means "little rock."Â
Male
Celtic
, hunting dog.
Female
English
 English feminine form of Celtic Alan, possibly ALANA means "little rock."
Male
English
English variant spelling of Celtic Alan, possibly ALLAN means "little rock."Â
Boy/Male
English American Celtic
Fair; handsome. Famous Bearer: U.S. actor Alan Alda.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant spelling of Allen. This is the usual spelling of the personal name in England and Scotland, but is infrequent as a surname.
ALAN ROBOCK
ALAN ROBOCK
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek
Victory of the People; Female Version of Nicholas; People's Victory
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Brave; A Lady who Accomplishes Difficult Tasks
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Perry 1.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
The Tragedy of Coriolanus.' Caius Marcius Coriolanus.
Boy/Male
American, Christian, Danish, English, French, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
The Sea; Great Sea; Attractive
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ishavari | ஈஷà¯à®µà®°à¯€Â
Boy/Male
Indian
The giver of dishonor
Male
Babylonian
, the gods of earth.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva
Surname or Lastname
English
English : diminutive of Corn 1.
ALAN ROBOCK
ALAN ROBOCK
ALAN ROBOCK
ALAN ROBOCK
ALAN ROBOCK
inerj.
Anan.
pl.
of Ala
n.
Alt. of Alman
n.
Alt. of Alman
a.
A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition.
a.
Having no plan.
interj.
Ah! alas!
n.
Skillful plan; device.
n.
A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald.
interj.
Alas! Welaway!
n.
See Uhlan.
imp. & p. p.
of Plan
v. t.
To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country.
n.
A wolfhound.
n.
See Alan.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Plan
a.
Plan.
interj.
Alas!
n.
The sea otter.
interj.
An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or white; alas the day, like alack a day, or alas the white.