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10th-century Arab historian and geographer
al-Masʿūdī (full name Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Masʿūdī, أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي), c. 896–956, was a historian, geographer
Al-Masudi
5th Abbasid caliph (r. 786–809)
his horse came in first, closely followed by al-Ma'mun's, at a race that Harun held at Raqqa. Al-Masudi tells the story of Harun setting his poets a challenging
Harun_al-Rashid
Earliest known Norse rulers of Kiev
historian Al-Masudi. According to him, "king al-Dir [Dayr] was the first among the kings of the Slavs." Although some scholars have tried to prove that "al-Dir"
Askold_and_Dir
History book by al-Masudi
ٱلْجَوْهَر, Murūj aḏ-Ḏahab wa-Maʿādin al-Jawhar) is a 10th century history book by an Abbasid scholar al-Masudi. Written in Arabic and encompassing the
The_Meadows_of_Gold
20th Abbasid Caliph (r. 934–940)
until the deposition of al-Qahir, when he was freed and raised to the throne (24 April 934). The contemporary historian al-Masudi describes him as pleasing
Al-Radi
Early medieval Indian dynasty (753–982)
notes of Al Masudi (Kamath 2001, p88) Kamath (2001), p88 Altekar (1934), p356 Altekar (1934), p354 Altekar (1934), p355 From notes of Periplus, Al Idrisi
Rashtrakuta_Empire
1950 P. 177 Kitab Muruj Al-dahab Al-Masudi. El-Masudis Historical Encyclopaedia By 'Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn al-Husain al-Masudi P. 187 Journal of Ancient
Names_of_India
Ithbat al-wasiyya lil-Imam 'Ali b. Abu Talib was written by historian al-Masudi. The book was compiled in 332 AH. The essence of this book is to talk about
Ithbat_al-wasiyya_(book)
934 battle
years (until 957). Al-Masudi's account of the battle is "one of the greatest descriptions of the nomadic war tactics." Al-Masudi narrates an account
Battle_of_W.l.n.d.r
Former capital of the Kingdom of Aksum
"residence of the Najashi". In a similar context, in his Akhbar al-zaman, the same al-Masudi calls the Ethiopian capital "Kufar" or "Kafer". In the Arabic
Kubar
Abd al-Masih Salib al-Mas'udi (1848–1935) was an Egyptian monk and author. ʿAbd al-Masīḥ Ṣalīb al-Masūʿdī was ordained a monk by his uncle, ʿAbd al-Masīḥ
Abd_al-Masih_Salib_al-Masudi
10th-century Arab traveller and ethnographer
Ahmad ibn Fadlan ibn al-Abbas al-Baghdadi (Arabic: أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد, romanized: Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Baghdādī) or simply
Ahmad_ibn_Fadlan
Book by Ibn Khaldun, written in 1377
that Al-Masudi and other historians reported that Moses counted the Israelite army as 600,000 or more soldiers. Ibn Khaldun criticizes Al-Masudi for failing
Muqaddimah
Western Turkic people
"Nine Surnames" (OTrk 𐱃𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰆𐰍𐰔 Toquz Oğuz); and another from al-Maṣudi's Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems, which mentioned the three hordes of
Oghuz_Turks
Eighth of the Twelve Shia Imams (766–818)
historians al-Tabari and al-Masudi, who both lived under the Abbasids, do not consider the possibility of murder. In particular, al-Masudi writes that al-Rida
Ali_al-Rida
Muslims from the state of Gujarat, India
India Al Masudi Ibn Batuta Nuruddin ar-Raniri from Rander Abu Bakr al-Aydarus, Hadhrami religious scholar of sufism Ba 'Alawi sada Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
Gujarati_Muslims
Overview of Iran's shift towards Islam and Islamic culture
to Al Masudi, fire temples were to be found – the Madjus he says, venerate many fire temples in Iraq, Fars, Kirman, Sistan, Khurasan, Tabaristan, al Djibal
Islamization_of_Iran
Topics referred to by the same term
Masudi or Masoodi may refer to: Al-Masudi (c. 896–956), Arab historian, geographer and traveler, Arab historian Masudi, Khuzestan, a village in Khuzestan
Masudi_(disambiguation)
Arabic folklore
receiver would hear the message in realtime without seeing the speaker. Al-Masudi focused on the psychological backgrounds of this phenomenon, and explained
Hatif
Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group
local polities, they hired mercenary soldiers (the junūd murtazīqa in al-Masudi). At the peak of their empire, the Khazars ran a centralised fiscal administration
Khazars
10th-century Persian geography book
with the Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam, but they appear to have directly copied their content from Istakhri rather than via Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam. (d) Al-Masudi, The Meadows
Hudud_al-'Alam
Tenth of the Twelve Shia Imams (828–868)
his birthplace, the Shia-leaning historian al-Masudi (d. 956) differs from the prevalent view. Ithbat al-wassiya, a collective biography of the Shia
Ali_al-Hadi
Arab Islamic exegete, historian and scholar (c. 1300–1373)
Imad al-Din Abu al-Fida Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi (Arabic: أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير الدمشقي, romanized: Abū al-Fidā' Ismā'īl ibn
Ibn_Kathir
6th Abbasid caliph (r. 809–813)
Arabic Literature". Masudi and the reign of Al-Amin. edited by Philip F. Kennedy. 2005. ISBN 9783447051828. El-Hibri, Tayeb (1999). "Al-Amīn: the challenge
Al-Amin
Second Islamic caliphate (661–750)
[citation needed] Even the earliest pro-Shia accounts of al-Masudi are more balanced. Al-Masudi's Ibn Hisham is the earliest Shia account of Mu'awiya. He
Umayyad_Caliphate
Jinn-like being often associated with eating human flesh in Arabian folklore
appear in hadith. Al-Masudi reports that on his journey to Syria, Umar slew a ghoul with his sword. In one hadith mentioned by Al-Damīrī, is said, lonely
Ghoul
Persian physician and historian (1247–1318)
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (Persian: رشیدالدین طبیب; 1247–1318; also known as Rašīd al-Dīn Fażl-Allāh Hamadānī or Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī, i.e. "of
Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani
Arabian bishop
Muslim sources. Islamic writers including Ibn Abd Rabbihi, Al-Masudi, Al-Bayhaqi, and Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi say that Quss met with the Byzantine emperor Heraclius
Quss_Ibn_Sa'ida_al-Iyadi
Abbasid-era Muslim historian (820–892)
Nonetheless, his sympathies seem to have been strongly with the Arabs, for Masudi refers to one of his works in which he refutes non-Arab nationalism Shu'ubiyya
Al-Baladhuri
of Khwarazm who resettled in Khazaria. According to the Arab historian Al-Masudi, they moved to the territory of the Khazar king in ancient times following
Arsiyah
Study of Islamic doctrines
min Manahig al-i-Tidal. Riyadh: Al-Risala al-Amm al-Idarat al-Buhut al-Ilmiya. p. 528. al-Masudi (1861–1877). Muruj ad-Dahab wa-Maʿadin al-Jawhar. Vol
Kalam
Legendary king in Persian mythology
hero Rostam. He is succeeded by his grandson Kay Khosrow. According to Al-Masudi, he built "a tower to challenge God", and invaded Yemen. The Flying Throne
Kay_Kāvus
Iranian prophet and spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism
'258 years' was the generally accepted figure is however noted by al-Biruni and al-Masudi, with the latter specifically stating (in 943/944 AD) that "the
Zoroaster
Ancient region
al-Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī. Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd (ed.). Murūj al-Dhahab wa-Maʿādin al-Jawhar. Cairo. al-Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī (1989)
Barbaria_(region)
Poem
and hold on reality. According to psychobiographical critics Daghir and Al Masudi, "Mad Girl's Love Song" uses the recurring themes of darkness, light,
Mad_Girl's_Love_Song
Islamic philosopher and music theorist (c. 870 – 950/951)
to his time, and brief mentions by al-Masudi, Ibn al-Nadim and Ibn Hawqal. Said al-Andalusi wrote a biography of al-Farabi. Arabic biographers of the 12th–13th
Al-Farabi
notable including Al-Khwārizmī, Abū Zayd al-Balkhī (founder of the "Balkhi school"), Al-Masudi, Abu Rayhan Biruni and Muhammad al-Idrisi. Islamic geography
Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world
Capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
geographer al-Masudi noted that by the mid-tenth century, the city was known as Parashāwar. The name was noted to be Purshawar and Purushavar by al-Biruni
Peshawar
Arab jurist and scholar (677/78-741/42)
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (Arabic: أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ مُسْلِمَ بنِ عُبَیْدِ ٱللهِ بنِ عَبدِ
Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri
Founder and Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire from 180 to 242
in Mojmal al-tawarikh. Tabari's History is a book series in Arabic that is the main and essential source about Sasanian history. Al-Masudi's The Meadows
Ardashir_I
Muslim scholar and Shia imam (c.702–765)
the works of al-Tabari, Ya'qubi, al-Masudi, and Ibn Khallikan. This popularity, however, has hampered the scholarly attempts to ascertain al-Sadiq's actual
Ja'far_al-Sadiq
Muslim historian and traditionist (1274–1348)
ibn Muhammad al-Abarquhi al-Misri (d. 701). Ibn al-Kharrat al-Dawalibi Salah al-Din al-Ala'i Ibn Kathir Taj al-Din al-Subki Al-Ṣafadī Abu al-Fadl Ja'far
Al-Dhahabi
Arab scholar, biographer and historian (784/5-845)
Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd (Arabic: ابن سعد) and nicknamed Scribe of Waqidi (Katib al-Waqidi), was a scholar and
Ibn_Sa'd
Hindu and Buddhist idols at the Kaaba. Al-Masudi said that Buddhists see the Kaaba as one of their temples. Al-Masudi also depicts the Quraysh tribe of Mecca
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Muslim scholar, historian, and Quranic exegete (839–923)
Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī (Arabic: أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد ٱلطَّبَرِيّ; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (Arabic:
Al-Tabari
British Army general (1794–1842)
George Fitzclarence, Earl of Munster, Amazon KDP, 2012. Cooke 1831. Masudi (al-) 1841, p. lxii. Cooke, John (1831). Memoirs of the Late War: Comprising
George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster
George_FitzClarence,_1st_Earl_of_Munster
Ethnic group
Jazīra probably fed later Arab legends about Kurdish origins. Both Al-Masudi and al-Bakri recorded traditions claiming the Kurds had once been Arabs who
Kurds_in_Syria
Maghrebi traveller and scholar (1304–1368/1369)
his full name as "Shams al-Din Abu ’Abdallah Muhammad ibn ’Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf Lawati al-Tanji ibn Battuta". All
Ibn_Battuta
6th-century Iranian sage and dignitary
later mention of him is made in the Shahnameh and in al-Tha'alibi’s Ghurar and al-Masudi’s Murūj al-Dhahab. During the reign of Kavad I's son and successor
Bozorgmehr
Empire in West Africa from c. 200s to c. 1200s
Earlier accounts such Ya'qubi (872 CE), al-Masudi (c. 944 CE), Ibn Hawqal (977 CE), al-Biruni (c. 1036 CE), and al-Bakri (1068 CE) all describe the population
Ghana_Empire
Undiscovered tomb
Emperor Theodosius I and looted. Later authors, such as Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam (b. 803), Al-Masudi (b. 896) and Leo the African (b. 1494), report having seen Alexander's
Tomb_of_Alexander_the_Great
Mountain in Turkey
Upper Mesopotamia, at the headwaters of the Tigris River. Arab historian Al-Masudi (d. 956), reported that the spot where the ark came to rest could be seen
Mount_Judi
Kuwaiti poet (1945–2024)
historical Arabic language texts, including "The Meadows of Gold" by al-Masudi. Much of Al-Subaie's literature is devoted to Kuwait, often promoting the country's
Yacoub_Al-Subaie
Arab Islamic scholar, historian and philosopher (1332–1406)
December 2017. al-Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. al-Ḍawʾ al-Lāmiʿ li-Ahl al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ. Vol. 4. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Ḥayāh. pp. 145–148
Ibn_Khaldun
Persian scholar and polymath (973–1050)
British Library: the al-Qanūn al-Masʿūdī Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine the Kitāb al-tafhīm li-awā’īl ṣinā‘at al-tanjīm Archived 14 March
Al-Biruni
Egyptian Islamic scholar (1445–1505)
Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (Arabic: جلال الدين السيوطي, romanized: Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī; c. 1445–1505), or al-Suyuti, was an Egyptian Sunni Muslim polymath
Al-Suyuti
Grandson of Muhammad and the second Shia Imam (625–670)
differently and ambiguously by al-Tabari, Dinawari, Ibn Abd al-Barr, and Ibn al-Athir, while al-Ya'qubi and al-Masudi (d. 956) are silent about them.
Hasan_ibn_Ali
Penultimate prophet in Islam
mentioned in Qisas al-anbiya ('Stories of the Prophets'), books composed over the centuries about pre-Islamic prophets and heroes. Al-Masudi wrote that Jesus
Jesus_in_Islam
9th-century rebel against the Abbasids
incarnated form of Yahya. Al-Masudi mentions that many elegies were written for Yahya, and that he had recorded some of them in his Kitab al-Awsat (The Middle
Yahya_ibn_Umar
Narratives assumed to be foreign or from the Israelites in Islamic hadith literature
geographer al-Masudi (d. 345/946), in his Murūğ al-ḏahab, as he discusses traditions concerning the creation of the world. In this context, al-Masudi states
Israʼiliyyat
Mughal grand vizier from 1579 to 1602
Abu al Fazl Biography and Works Archived 7 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine persian.packhum.org. Fekrat, Mohammad Asef (17 June 2021). "Abū al-Faḍl
Abul_Fazl
Arab tribe
Hawazin Ghatafan Abdullah bin Masud, a companion of Muhammad Al-Masudi, Abbasid historian Adel Al-Jubeir, Saudi diplomat and Minister of State for Foreign
Banu_Hudhayl
Geographic region of the Arabian Peninsula
2500–3000 BCE. According to Al-Masudi the northern part of Hejaz was a dependency of ancient Israel, and according to Butrus al-Bustani the Jews in Hejaz
Hejaz
Navigator of Al-Andalus
Ocean in 889 and returned with a shipload of valuable treasures. Ali al-Masudi, in his historical account The Meadows of Gold (947 CE), wrote: In the
Khashkhash Ibn Saeed Ibn Aswad
Khashkhash_Ibn_Saeed_Ibn_Aswad
Ancient city in Fars province, modern Iran
with the ruins of the temple mentioned by the 10th-century geographer al-Masudi as being located c. one parasang from Istakhr. According to the Iranologist
Istakhr
Seminal work on cosmography
historians such as Istakhri, Ahmad ibn Fadlan, al-Masudi, Ibn Hawqal, al-Biruni, Ibn al-Athir, al-Maqdisi, and al-Razi. Even though Qazwini's work is a compilation
Aja'ib_al-Makhluqat
8th Abbasid caliph (r. 833–842)
Ya'qubi: Harun al-Wathiq, Ja'far al-Mutawakkil, Muhammad, Ahmad, Ali, and Abdallah. al-Masʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn. Murūj al-Dhahab. Routledge
Al-Mu'tasim
Biblical character
western Media and Atropatene. 10th century Muslim historian Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Masudi writes in his widely acclaimed historical book The Meadows of Gold
Lud,_son_of_Shem
Samanid control. According to Al-Shahrastani, there were fire-temples even in Baghdad at the time. The historian Al-Masudi, a Baghdad-born Arab, who wrote
Persecution_of_Zoroastrians
Turkic state in Central Asia from 840 to 1212
Al-Masudi listed two "Khagan of Khagans" of the Karluk horde: Sanah, a possible rendition of Ashina (compare Śaya (also by al-Masudi), Aś(i)nas (al-Tabari)
Kara-Khanid_Khanate
Arab historian (737–819)
Abu al-Mundhir Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sa'ib ibn Bishr al-Kalbi (أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب بن بشر بن عمرو بن الحارث بن عبد الحارث الكلبي; 737–819
Hisham_ibn_al-Kalbi
9th century massacre in the Tang dynasty
travellers from the Abbasid Caliphate, Abu Zaid al Hassan from Siraf writing decades afterwards, and al-Masudi writing in the 10th century, estimated that
Guangzhou_massacre
Ancient tribe mentioned in the Qurʾān
collective term for all those descended from ʽAd. The 9th-century historian Al-Masudi reported that: "There was no people on earth who could be compared to
ʿĀd
Glandular secretion used in perfume
Arab historian al-Masudi mentioned civet (zabāda) as a spice in his book Murūdj al-dhahab ('Meadows of Gold'). Fahlbusch, Karl-Georg; et al. (2007). "Flavors
Civet_(perfumery)
Angel in Jewish and Islamic mythology
Rosh Hashanah. The name itself is attested early in Islam by al-Kindi and al-Masudi. Al-Suyuti identifies him as the angel of the veil and only he knows
Metatron
Bantu ethnic group
early Persian presence in the area. To the south of the Barbar region, Al-Masudi mentions seaborne trade from Oman and Siraf port near Shiraz to the African
Shirazi_people
Historical expansion of Turkic tribes and languages
an annual tribute. The origin of the Khazars is unclear. According to Al-Masudi, the Khazars were called Sabirs in Turkic. Dunlop (1954) suggests a relation
Turkic_migration
Lahijan in Gilan. Ibn Hawqal mentioned Layzān as part of Arran, while Al-Masudi in chapter 17 of his The Meadows of Gold placed it in periphery of Shirvan
Layzanshah
Emirate based in Multan, Punjab (855–1010)
Hamid's origins are disputed. Al-Masudi, who visited Multan after 912, states that the ruler Abu Lahab al-Munabbah bin Asad al-Qarshi was descended from the
Emirate_of_Multan
Indian writer, historian, and translator (1540–1615)
'Abd al-Qadir Badayuni (21 August 1540 – 1615) was an Indian writer, historian, and translator. He lived in the Mughal Empire. He translated into Persian
ʽAbd_al-Qadir_Badayuni
Rashidun caliph from 644 to 656
160. Translation of Tarikh Yaqoubi, vol. 2, p. 50 look at al-Tanbīh wa-al-ishrāf by al-Masudi page 267 Translation of Tarikh Yaqoubi, vol. 2, p. 53 Tabatabai
Uthman
Mythical structure in the Hebrew Bible
Historia Brittonum (c. 833), The Meadows of Gold by al Masudi (c. 947) and Book of Roads and Kingdoms by al-Bakri (1068), the 11th-century Lebor Gabála Érenn
Tower_of_Babel
9th-century Arab geographer and historian
Abi Ya'qub bin Ja'far bin Wahb bin Wadiḥ al-Ya'qubi (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqubi, was an Arab Muslim historian and
Al-Ya'qubi
Death of the Macedonian king in 323 BC
Alexander's body was no longer known; later authors, such as Ibn Abd al-Hakam, Al-Masudi and Leo Africanus, report having seen Alexander's tomb. Leo Africanus
Death_of_Alexander_the_Great
AH (859/860 CE) - 340 AH (951/952 CE) Ali al-Masudi 283 AH (896/897 CE) - 346 AH (957/958 CE) The Meadows of Gold Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kindi 283 AH (896/897 CE) -
List_of_Muslim_historians
Topics referred to by the same term
'cross'), the Arabic and Maltese term for the Christian cross Abd al-Masih Salib al-Masudi (1848–1935), Egyptian monk and author Salib tal-Għolja or Laferla
Salib
The war with the Goths. Book VII (Book III of the War with the Goths) Al-Masudi, an Arab historian, geographer and traveler, equates the paganism of the
Slavic_paganism
Arab scholar and bibliographer (c. 932 – c. 995)
Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq an-Nadīm (Arabic: ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also Ibn Abī Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly
Ibn_al-Nadim
Medieval Turkic state formed by the Kimak and Kipchak people
together with Oghuzes pastured in the steppes north of the Aral Sea, and al-Masudi at approximately the same time wrote that all of them were coaching along
Kimak–Kipchak_confederation
Military raids from 9th to 11th centuries
Christians, apparently with the acquiescence of the Khazar ruler. According to al-Masudi, those who escaped were finished off by the Burtas and Volga Bulgars.
Caspian expeditions of the Rus'
Caspian_expeditions_of_the_Rus'
Name list
Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (died 982/984), 11th-century physician Ali Maksum (1915–1989), Indonesian Islamic leader Ali al-Masudi (al-Masʿūdī) (896–956), Arab
Ali_(name)
Baghdad”. Prior to Marco Polo, in the 10th century, the Arabic geographer Al-Masudi noted that Socotra was at that time a pirate base: “Let me tell you further
History_of_Socotra
Discipline of the design and study of coats of arms
need: Heraldic identification. al-Masudi writes that nišāns (Arabic: شعار) used by Parthians and Sasanians. When al-Masudi talks about Sasanians, he describes
Heraldry
Legendary ancestor of the Somali Darod clan
movements in Arabia before his arrival. Besides historical sources such as Al-Masudi's Aqeeliyoon, a modern manaaqib (a collection of glorious deeds) printed
Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti
Abdirahman_bin_Isma'il_al-Jabarti
Companion and aunt of Muhammad
also see Ibn al-Sabbagh al-Maliki, al-Fusul al-Muhimmah fi Ma'rifat al-A'immah, Ch. 1, p. 13; famous Arab historian and geographer al-Masudi also verifies
Fatimah_bint_Asad
Islamic historian and geographer (1160–1232/3)
Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī (Arabic: علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري;
Ibn_al-Athir
Muslim historian and biographer of Muhammad (c.747-823)
Umar ibn Waqid al-Aslami (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن واقد الاسلمي, romanized: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn Wāqid al-Aslamī) (c. 130
Al-Waqidi
Arab historian (1073–1160)
Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamzah ibn al-Asad ibn al-Qalānisī (Arabic: ابو يعلى حمزة ابن الاسد ابن القلانسي; c. 1071 – 18 March 1160) was an Arab politician and chronicler
Ibn_al-Qalanisi
Greek historian and geographer (c. 484–c. 425 BC)
part filled with myths, and his style contains many Homeric elements”. Al-Masudi, known as the Herodotus of the Arabs Movses Khorenatsi, known as the Herodotus
Herodotus
Egyptian historian (801-871)
bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arabic: أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم), generally known simply as Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (ابن عبد الحكم; 801
Ibn_Abd_al-Hakam
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