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Relation between thermodynamic states
thermodynamics, adiabatic accessibility determines if one equilibrium state of a system can transition to another solely through an adiabatic process, meaning
Adiabatic_accessibility
Property of a thermodynamic system
universe. A definition of entropy based entirely on the relation of adiabatic accessibility between equilibrium states was given by E. H. Lieb and J. Yngvason
Entropy
Greek mathematician (1873–1950)
approached arbitrarily close through adiabatic changes of state." In this connexion he coined the term adiabatic accessibility. Carathéodory's work in optics
Constantin_Carathéodory
Index of lists with the same name
change. Adiabatic invariant Born–Oppenheimer approximation Adiabatic process Adiabatic ionization Adiabatic index Adiabatic accessibility Adiabatic theorem
List_of_adiabatic_concepts
On finding a maximal set of solutions of a system of first-order homogeneous linear PDEs
defined "adiabatic process" as any process that the system may undergo without heat conduction, and defined a relation of "adiabatic accessibility" thus:
Frobenius theorem (differential topology)
Frobenius_theorem_(differential_topology)
Physical law for entropy and heat
an adiabatically enclosed system there are states inaccessible from S. With this formulation, he described the concept of adiabatic accessibility for
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
Thermodynamics, which made use of Pfaffian systems and the concept of adiabatic accessibility, a notion that was introduced by Carathéodory himself. In this
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic quantity
physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio
Heat_capacity_ratio
American mathematical physicist
the increase of entropy in the second law of thermodynamics and adiabatic accessibility with Jakob Yngvason. In 1975, Lieb and Walter Thirring found a
Elliott_H._Lieb
Göttingen University Known for Quantum Field Theory Thermodynamics Adiabatic accessibility Awards Levi L. Conant Prize (2002) Scientific career Fields Mathematical
Jakob_Yngvason
Change in temperature due to a magnetic field
1917. Major advances first appeared in the late 1920s when cooling via adiabatic demagnetization was independently proposed by chemistry Nobel Laureates
Magnetocaloric_effect
Law of physics
time. The statement in adiabatic accessibility: It is impossible to start from a state of positive temperature, and adiabatically reach a state with zero
Third_law_of_thermodynamics
Type of energy transfer
the walls while the non-adiabatic wall was temporarily rendered adiabatic, and of isochoric adiabatic work. Then the non-adiabatic component is a process
Heat
Theoretical engine
steam's expansion complete the stroke by itself. Today it might be called adiabatic expansion. Their ideas were enthusiastically taken up in France, where
Carnot_heat_engine
Large natural elevation of the Earth's surface
releases heat, which changes the lapse rate from the dry adiabatic lapse rate to the moist adiabatic lapse rate (5.5 °C per kilometre or 3 °F (1.7 °C) per
Mountain
Refrigeration process
reduction results in the adiabatic flash evaporation of a part of the liquid refrigerant. The auto-refrigeration effect of the adiabatic flash evaporation lowers
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
Device to demonstrate Earth's rotation
of the Earth", pp. 65–68. F. Suzuki; N. A. Sinitsyn (2025). "Geometric adiabatic angle in anisotropic oscillators". American Journal of Physics. 93 (12):
Foucault_pendulum
Molecular dynamics simulation technique
only one adiabatic surface is an excellent approximation if the difference between the adiabatic surfaces is large for energetically accessible regions
Surface_hopping
Upper bound on the knowable information of a quantum state
sometimes called Holevo's bound, since it gives an upper bound on the accessible information, which is amount of information that can be known about a
Holevo's_theorem
Observational basis of thermodynamics
volume Instruments Processes Isobaric Isochoric Isothermal Isothermal flow Adiabatic Isentropic Isenthalpic Quasistatic Polytropic Free expansion Reversibility
Laws_of_thermodynamics
Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy
extension within the stretched inner part of the Apennine Mountains caused adiabatic melting and the intrusion of the Mount Capanne and the La Serra-Porto
Elba
French physicist and engineer (1796–1832)
adiabatic compression, until it reaches a value equal to the temperature of the hotter reservoir. This succession of isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion
Nicolas_Léonard_Sadi_Carnot
Scalar physical quantities representing system states
harder to control, since adiabatic conditions (constant entropy) are hard to establish. Nevertheless, enthalpy is useful in adiabatic isobaric combustion conditions
Thermodynamic_potential
Designated place in British Columbia, Canada
microclimate. As a result of the community being surrounded by mountain ranges, adiabatic heating occurs. This causes peak summer temperatures throughout July and
Woss
Heat required to raise the temperature of a given unit of mass of a substance
polytropic processes run between the adiabatic and the isotherm functions, the polytropic index is between 1 and the adiabatic exponent (γ or κ). The dimensionless
Specific_heat_capacity
Eighth letter of the Greek alphabet
temperature θ is conserved following the motion in adiabatic flow, a parcel of air which movees adiabatically will remain on the same potential temperature
Theta
Gas giant exoplanet orbiting L 34-26
thermal structure, meaning the pressure-temperature profile is non-adiabatic. Adiabatic means here an increase of the temperature with pressure. The observation
COCONUTS-2b
Phenomenon in atomic physics
thermalization. In molecules, the nonadiabatic couplings between two adiabatic potentials build the avoided crossing (AC) region. The rovibronic resonances
Feshbach_resonance
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
too little time for heat transfer. This is the basis of the so-called adiabatic approximation that is used in meteorology. Conjugate with the enthalpy
Enthalpy
Drying-up of the Mediterranean Sea 5.96–5.33 million years ago
probably have been extremely high. As a first approximation, using the dry adiabatic lapse rate of around 10 °C (18 °F) per kilometre, the maximum possible
Messinian_salinity_crisis
^{2}\left(\alpha _{0}\right)}{B_{0}}}={\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {mv^{2}}{B_{m}}}} Adiabatic invariant Magnetic mirror "Isaac Physics". Isaac Physics. Retrieved 2025-05-26
Pitch_angle_(particle_motion)
Coupling constant divergence at high energies
down at strong coupling. Perturbation theory may also be invalid if non-adiabatic states exist. However, lattice gauge theory provides a means to address
Landau_pole
Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes
oceanic crust. The decrease of pressure in the rising mantle rock leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the rock, causing volcanism and creating
Volcano
Stratovolcano in the U.S. state of Washington
more than two vertical miles of atmosphere. The air cools at the moist adiabatic rate as it ascends, condenses, and deposits the bulk of its remaining
Mount_Rainier
Physical quantity of hot and cold
collisions, the non-interactive segments of their trajectories are known to be accessible to accurate measurement. For this purpose, interparticle potential energy
Temperature
Prize awarded by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics
Michael Berry "for his discovery of the non-integrable phase that arises in adiabatic processes in quantum theory. This effect was first detected in 1986 in
Dirac_Medal_(ICTP)
Census-designated place in Alaska, United States
similar latitudes due to the moderating effect of the Pacific Ocean and the adiabatic warming of the descending air from the surrounding mountains. The average
Talkeetna,_Alaska
Major mountain range in Central Europe
upper regions of the atmosphere causes the temperature to decrease (see adiabatic lapse rate). The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry
Alps
System that transfers heat from one space to another
reduction results in the adiabatic flash evaporation of a part of the liquid refrigerant. The auto-refrigeration effect of the adiabatic flash evaporation lowers
Heat_pump
Chemical, often household, breathed in to cause intoxication
directly into the throat, the jet of fluid can cool rapidly to −20 °C by adiabatic expansion, causing prolonged laryngospasm. Some inhalants can also indirectly
Inhalant
Quasiparticle in condensed matter physics
are not factorizable into an adiabatic product Ansatz, so that a non-adiabatic treatment is needed. The non-adiabaticity of the exciton-phonon systems
Polaron
Change of state of matter from a gas phase into a liquid phase
refrigeration, and air conditioning. Numerous living beings use water made accessible by condensation. A few examples of these are the Australian thorny devil
Condensation
Specific probability distribution function, important in physics
v_{\text{p}},} where γ = 1 + 2 f {\textstyle \gamma =1+{\frac {2}{f}}} is the adiabatic index, f is the number of degrees of freedom of the individual gas molecule
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
Maxwell–Boltzmann_distribution
steam's expansion complete the stroke by itself. Today it might be called adiabatic expansion. Their ideas were enthusiastically taken up in France, where
Carnot_engine_explanation
Interdisciplinary research area
quantum resources. The earliest experiments were conducted using the adiabatic D-Wave quantum computer, for instance, to detect cars in digital images
Quantum_machine_learning
Physical systems hotter than any other
Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian from Ĥ → −Ĥ. Performing this transformation adiabatically while keeping the atoms in the Mott insulator regime, it is possible
Negative_temperature
Basic unit of quantum information
phase factor e i ϕ {\displaystyle e^{i\phi }} is no longer experimentally accessible. If measurement is performed on a qubit that is entangled, the measurement
Qubit
Analytical physical chemistry technique
single experiment. It consists of two cells which are enclosed in an adiabatic jacket. The compounds to be studied are placed in the sample cell, while
Isothermal titration calorimetry
Isothermal_titration_calorimetry
Development of entropy in a thermodynamic system
{Q}}{T}}\geq 0.} For adiabatic systems Q ˙ = 0 {\displaystyle {\dot {Q}}=0} so dS/dt ≥ 0. In other words: the entropy of adiabatic systems cannot decrease
Entropy_production
Quantum algorithm for solving systems of linear equations
"Experimental realization of quantum algorithms for a linear system inspired by adiabatic quantum computing". Phys. Rev. A 99, 012320. Subaşı, Yiğit; Somma, Rolando
HHL_algorithm
Computing company based in Washington
improved through quantum computing methods, including in the development of adiabatic quantum computing methods for machine learning applications. QxBranch
QxBranch
Spectroscopic technique
M; et al. (2010). "Nanoscale chemical mapping using three-dimensional adiabatic compression of surface plasmon polaritons". Nature Nanotechnology. 5 (1):
Raman_spectroscopy
Virtual temperature of a moist air parcel
processes, it is often useful to assume air parcels behave approximately adiabatically, and approximately ideally. The specific gas constant for the standardized
Virtual_temperature
American mountain range along North Carolina/Tennessee state line
lows. The difference between high temperatures is similar to the moist adiabatic lapse rate (3.3 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 ft | 6 °C/km), while the
Great_Smoky_Mountains
National park in Tennessee and North Carolina, US
lows. The difference between high temperatures is similar to the moist adiabatic lapse rate of 3.3 °F (1.8 °C) per 1,000 ft (300 m), while the smaller
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park
Atomic model introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913
correspondence principle, is the only one possible, since the quantum numbers are adiabatic invariants. The Bohr–Sommerfeld model was fundamentally inconsistent and
Bohr_model
Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer
cause the design to be more efficient.[citation needed] Energy portal Adiabatic flame temperature Aluminum internal combustion engine Air-fuel ratio Bore
Internal_combustion_engine
Heat-transfer device that employs phase transition
the flange is machined off to allow the adiabatic section to be bent. The condenser is shown above the adiabatic section. The NCG reservoir is located above
Heat_pipe
Computer programming for quantum computers
quantum simulator. Maintained by Quantuloop, the project emphasizes accessibility and versatility for researchers and developers. The following example
Quantum_programming
Type of whirlwind
evaporation. The warmed air begins to rise, and as it does so is cooled adiabatically by the falling pressure causing the water vapour content to condense
Steam_devil
Quasiparticle of mechanical vibrations
assumed to be a point particle and the nucleus and electrons move in step (adiabatic theorem): n − 1 n n + 1 ← a → ···o++++++o++++++o++++++o++++
Phonon
Concept on molecular modeling
ISSN 0031-899X. Mitchell PJ, Fincham D (1993-02-22). "Shell model simulations by adiabatic dynamics". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 5 (8): 1031–1038. Bibcode:1993JPCM
Force_field_(chemistry)
multiple names: authors list (link) Tenailleau, E & Akoka, S. (2007) "Adiabatic 1H decoupling scheme for very accurate intensity measurements in 13C NMR
Isotopic analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance
Isotopic_analysis_by_nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Cloud quantum computing platform
June 2025, there are 12 devices on the service, all of which are freely accessible by the public. This service can be used to run algorithms and experiments
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Type of rainforest
mountain ranges, and as the air is forced upward it cools at the dry adiabatic lapse rate until it reaches the dew point, at which point water vapor
Cloud_forest
Principle in quantum information theory
space H can be split into two parts, HA and HB, describing the subspaces accessible to Alice and Bob. The total state of the system is described by a density
No-communication_theorem
State of matter with insulating bulk but conductive boundary
definition of a topological insulator: an insulator which cannot be adiabatically transformed into an ordinary insulator without passing through an intermediate
Topological_insulator
Pressure surge when a fluid is forced to stop or change direction suddenly
of hydraulic concepts: compressibility of the liquid, defined by its adiabatic compressibility modulus Bl, resulting from the equation of state of the
Hydraulic_shock
Thermodynamic potential
{\displaystyle \beta ={\frac {1}{kT}},} E r {\displaystyle E_{r}} is the energy of accessible state r {\displaystyle r} Z = ∑ i e − β E i . {\textstyle Z=\sum _{i}e^{-\beta
Helmholtz_free_energy
Hypothesis about quantum and statistical mechanics
spheres Quantum statistical mechanics Microcanonical Ensemble H-theorem Adiabatic theorem Alternatively, the canonical ensemble can be employed in situations
Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
Eigenstate_thermalization_hypothesis
Frozen water; the solid state of water
carburetor into the engine, the local air pressure is lowered, which causes adiabatic cooling. Thus, in humid near-freezing conditions, the carburetor will
Ice
Alloys with high proportions of several metals
ultra-strong μ phase induces a high local strain gradient, which generates adiabatic shear bands. Most HEAs are prepared by vacuum arc melting, which obtains
High-entropy_alloy
Restricted model of non-universal quantum computation
is not justified (the tracking of the measurement statistics is fully accessible), and therefore the above argument does not apply. It is then possible
Boson_sampling
E and B modes (Polarisation)
from the radiation to the matter becomes less and less effective. The adiabatic cooling makes the matter temperature fall faster than the radiation temperature
Polarization_(cosmology)
Physical process of transition between basic states of matter
possible to change the state of a system diabatically (as opposed to adiabatically) in such a way that it can be brought past a phase transition point
Phase_transition
Remote quantum processors for computation
2016, IBM launched the IBM Quantum Experience, one of the first publicly accessible quantum processors connected to the cloud. In early 2017, researchers
Cloud-based_quantum_computing
Interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems
into account the scarcity of global and regional resources and their accessibility to an economy. Some ecological economists prioritise adding natural
Ecological_economics
and western Nepal about 1,000 mm (40 in). This pattern is modified by adiabatic effects as rising air masses cool and drop their moisture content on windward
Geography_of_Nepal
Information held in the state of a quantum system
quantum gates. By itself, a single qubit can convey no more than one bit of accessible classical information about its preparation. This is Holevo's theorem
Quantum_information
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
systems that can emulate the behavior of natural atoms with multiple accessible energy levels. The ability to engineer the energy level structure, transition
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Quantum key distribution protocol - B92
implementations of the B92 protocol using pulsed laser sources, offering an accessible alternative for quantum cryptography education and research. The security
B92_protocol
Frequently occurring wildfire events
upper-level air in leeward of the mountains, which is heated because of the adiabatic compression. Large, violent wildfires can generate winds of themselves
Bushfires_in_Australia
Excited atomic quantum state with high principal quantum number (n)
Mohammadsadegh; Mølmer, Klaus (2020-06-11). "Fast Multiqubit Gates by Adiabatic Evolution in Interacting Excited-State Manifolds of Rydberg Atoms and
Rydberg_atom
British-American chemical engineer and control theorist
work at ICI, focusing much of his efforts on mathematical modeling of adiabatic multi-bed reactors, a topic that was the central focus of an M.S. student
Rutherford_Aris
Technologies to genetically improve human bodies
PMC 4294663. PMID 25587897. Gavish B, Gratton E, Hardy CJ (February 1983). "Adiabatic compressibility of globular proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy
Human_genetic_enhancement
Process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions
consumes more power for a given cooling capacity. Magnetic refrigeration, or adiabatic demagnetization, is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect
Refrigeration
Proposed spin-based quantum computer implementation
(1996). "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Experimentally Accessible Paradigm for Quantum Computing". Phys-Comp 96, Proceedings of the Fourth
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer
Paradigm of quantum computer
by a number of companies and research groups. A small number are also accessible via cloud services, such as the Lucy system hosted by Quandela or Bia
Linear optical quantum computing
Linear_optical_quantum_computing
Formulation to quantize gauge field theories in physics
transformed into states of the full Hamiltonian in accordance with the adiabatic theorem by "turning on" the interaction Hamiltonian (the gauge coupling)
BRST_quantization
Element of an industrial furnace
heat produced will be utilized throughout all the processes, as it is an adiabatic and isothermal process. Even though, the CFBG process is able to manage
Circulating_fluidized_bed
Dangerous meteorological phenomena
December 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) "Adiabatic process". American Meteorological Society. 2009. Archived from the original
Severe_weather
rendered as "dispersal of modes of microscopic motion throughout their accessible range". Later, along with a criticism of the idea of entropy as 'disorder'
Introduction_to_entropy
Award by Britain's Royal Society
temperatures, and in particular, for his recent work on cooling by the use of adiabatic demagnetisation" 1936 — Ernest George Coker British "For his researches
Rumford_Medal
Mechanism that controls the pressure of a breathing gas supply for diving
it decreases in pressure in the first stage, becoming very cold due to adiabatic expansion. Where the ambient water temperature is less than 5 °C any water
Diving_regulator
Device used to measure plasma
charge state of the ions, and γ i {\displaystyle \gamma _{i}} is the adiabatic coefficient for the ions. The proper choice of γ i {\displaystyle \gamma
Langmuir_probe
Arrangement and function of the components of regulators for underwater diving
homogeneous fluids, the physical point at which the choking occurs for adiabatic conditions, is when the exit plane velocity is at sonic conditions; i
Mechanism of diving regulators
Mechanism_of_diving_regulators
Overview of the events of 2020 in science
Satzinger, K. J.; Cleland, A. N. (17 June 2020). "Remote Entanglement via Adiabatic Passage Using a Tunably Dissipative Quantum Communication System". Physical
April–June_2020_in_science
American chemistry award
molecules by X-ray diffraction and by electron diffraction, the use of adiabatic demagnetization for the production of low temperature, the use of scattered
Willard_Gibbs_Award
Mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking
states is defined as corresponding to the point of the minimum of the adiabatic potential energy surface (APES), where its first derivatives are zero
Pseudo_Jahn–Teller_effect
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