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Calendar year
1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1867th
1867
World's Fair held in Paris, France
The Exposition Universelle of 1867 (French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1867 Paris Exposition, was a world's
Exposition_Universelle_(1867)
Top-level subdivisions of Canada
administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick
Provinces and territories of Canada
Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada
Period of Hungary under Habsburg control
The Kingdom of Hungary between 1526 and 1867 existed as a state outside the Holy Roman Empire, but part of the lands of the Habsburg monarchy that became
Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)
Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526–1867)
Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912
(né Mutsuhito; 3 November 1852 – 29 July 1912) was Emperor of Japan from 30 January 1867 until his death in 1912. The Meiji Restoration proclaimed the Empire of Japan
Emperor_Meiji
Radar ocean reconnaissance satellite
Kosmos 1867 (Russian: Космос 1867) was a nuclear powered radar ocean reconnaissance satellite (RORSAT) that was launched by the Soviet Union on July 10
Kosmos_1867
Habsburg monarch from 1848 to 1916
his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but in 1867 they were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. From 1 May
Franz_Joseph_I
1867 sale by Russia to the United States
from the Russian Empire by the United States for a sum of $7.2 million in 1867 (equivalent to $132 million in 2024). On May 15 of that year, the United
Alaska_Purchase
American teacher and writer (1867–1957)
Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (February 7, 1867 – February 10, 1957) was an American writer, teacher, and journalist. She is best known as the author
Laura_Ingalls_Wilder
The year 1867 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below. April – First clear recorded use of the word science in English
1867_in_science
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 22 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Article 22 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada setting
Section 22 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_22_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Historically black university in Washington, D.C., US
Higher Education. It is the only HBCU with R1 designation. Established in 1867, Howard is a nonsectarian institution located in the Shaw neighborhood. It
Howard_University
Empire in Europe from 1804 to 1867
Empire of Austria, was a multinational European great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence
Austrian_Empire
Canadian national holiday on July 1
celebrates the anniversary of Canadian Confederation which occurred on July 1, 1867, when the three separate colonies of the United Canadas (Ontario and Quebec)
Canada_Day
Electoral legislation in England and Wales
The Representation of the People Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 102), known as the Reform Act 1867 or the Second Reform Act, is an act of the Parliament of
Reform_Act_1867
Monarchy in Europe (1282–1918)
Habsburg. From 1804 it was referred to as the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 as Austria-Hungary. The history of the Habsburg monarchy can be traced back
Habsburg_monarchy
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 38 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Article 38 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada, giving
Section 38 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_38_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Right-of-centre political party in Canada
major federal political party in Canada that existed under that name from 1867 before being renamed the Progressive Conservative Party in 1942. The party
Conservative Party of Canada (1867)
Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867)
Primary constitutional document of Canada
The Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Loi constitutionnelle de 1867), originally enacted as the British North America Act, 1867 (BNA Act), is a major part
Constitution_Act,_1867
Constitutional monarchy in Western Europe
also member states of the Confederation, the Second Treaty of London in 1867 affirmed that Limburg was an "integral part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands"
Duchy_of_Limburg_(1839–1867)
Black entrepreneur, philanthropist, and activist (1867–1919)
Madam C. J. Walker (born Sarah Breedlove; December 23, 1867 – May 25, 1919), Mrs. Charles Joseph Walker upon her third marriage, was an American entrepreneur
Madam_C._J._Walker
Emperor of Mexico from 1864 to 1867
Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who became emperor of the Second Mexican Empire
Maximilian_I_of_Mexico
1867–1918 empire in Central Europe
was a multi-national constitutional dual empire in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign
Austria-Hungary
Japanese samurai and Military ruler from 1866 to 1868 (1837-1913)
was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming at keeping some political influence. After these efforts failed
Tokugawa_Yoshinobu
Appointments by Queen Victoria
The 1867 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British
1867_Birthday_Honours
O'Che 1867 is a high jewellery sub-brand of Ourivesaria Che Lee Yuen (Chinese: 謝利源), a family-owned goldsmith and jewellery business in Macau, China which
O'Che_1867
Hungarian territories of Austria-Hungary
territories of Austria-Hungary, throughout the latter's entire existence (30 March 1867 – 16 November 1918), and which disintegrated following its dissolution. The
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen
1863–1867 French-backed Mexican conservative monarchy in Mexico
and Miguel Miramón. The Second Mexican Empire formally ended on 19 June 1867, when Maximilian and his generals were executed by firing squad. The Mexican
Second_Mexican_Empire
This article is about music-related events in 1867. "The Blue Danube" A mid-20th century US rendition of Johann Strauss II's waltz "The Blue Danube", which
1867_in_music
article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1867. By February – The first blue plaque is erected in London by the Society
1867_in_literature
The 1867 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on August 1, 1867, to elect the governor of Tennessee. Incumbent Republican governor Parson Brownlow
1867 Tennessee gubernatorial election
1867_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election
Province of Canada by the Act of Union 1840, which came into force in 1841. In 1867, the Province of Canada was joined with two other British colonies of New
History_of_Canada
year 1867 in France. Monarch – Napoleon III 1 January - Napoleon III announces liberal reforms. 13 January - French military mission to Japan (1867–68)
1867_in_France
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 90 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 90 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 90 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_90_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 20 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 20 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a repealed provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 20 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_20_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Events in the year 1867 in Argentina. President: Bartolomé Mitre Vice President: Marcos Paz Buenos Aires Province: Adolfo Alsina Mendoza Province: until
1867_in_Argentina
Coast-defense gun
de 42 C model 1867 was a French super heavy built-up naval gun. It was the centerpiece of the exhibition of French naval guns at the 1867 Paris Exposition
Canon_de_42_C_model_1867
The Famine of 1867–1869 was the last famine in Sweden, and, together with the Finnish famine of 1866–1868, the last major famine in Northern Europe. In
Swedish_famine_of_1867–1869
Dark Jupiter trojan asteroid
1867 Deiphobus /diːˈɪfəbəs/ is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 123 kilometers (76 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March
1867_Deiphobus
Hungarian statesman (1823–1890)
1890) was a Hungarian statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Hungary (1867–1871) and subsequently as Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (1871–1879)
Gyula_Andrássy
Secret Irish republican political organisations
(IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood. In 1867, they attempted a rising in Ireland which was co-ordinated with raids into
Fenians
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 59 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Article 59 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada. It defines
Section 59 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_59_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1910 to 1936
of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions
Mary_of_Teck
Flood in Tennessee, United States
The 1867 flood of Chattanooga is the largest flood in the city's recorded history. The flood followed a period of heavy rain that affected most of the
1867_flood_of_Chattanooga
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 4 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 4 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 4 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_4_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Urban cultural lifestyle of Edo Japan (1600–1867)
used to describe the urban lifestyle and culture of Edo period Japan (1600–1867), especially its pleasure-seeking aspects. Ukiyo culture developed in Yoshiwara
Ukiyo
History of the Czech lands (Bohemia and Moravia)
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary (also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The two parts of
Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867–1918)
Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown_(1867–1918)
The 1867 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 5, 1867, in order to elect the governor of Kentucky. Democratic nominee and former acting
1867 Kentucky gubernatorial election
1867_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election
Weser was an ocean liner built in 1867 for North German Lloyd. She was sold to Italy in 1896 and was renamed Seravalle, being scrapped in that year. The
SS_Weser_(1867)
Events from the year 1867 in the United Kingdom. Monarch – Victoria Prime Minister – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative) By February
1867_in_the_United_Kingdom
The 1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1867, to elect the governor of Minnesota. Incumbent governor William Rainey Marshall
1867 Minnesota gubernatorial election
1867_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election
Company, Hayle for Tom Mawr Company of Neath in 1867. The Hayle was launched by Miss Husband on 10 July 1867. She was fitted with water ballast filled by
SS_Hayle_(1867)
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 54 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 54 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 54 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_54_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
The 1867 New York City mayoral election took place on December 3, 1867, to elect the mayor of New York City. John T. Hoffman, the incumbent Mayor backed
1867 New York City mayoral election
1867_New_York_City_mayoral_election
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1861 to 1876
important European capitals including Paris, London, and Vienna in the summer of 1867. The decade after his ascension was dominated by the duo of Fuad Pasha and
Abdulaziz
Fourth deadliest typhoon in the Philippines
From September 20 to 26, 1867, the capital Manila of the Captaincy General of the Philippines experienced the full brunt of a storm, which was believed
1867_Angela_typhoon
Events from the year 1867 in art. Exposition Universelle in Paris helps popularize Japanese woodblock prints in the West. Engravings of William Holman
1867_in_art
Proclamation creating Canada
The Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Proclamation de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) was a royal proclamation issued by Queen Victoria
Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1867
Proclamation_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)
Michael Faraday (/ˈfærədeɪ/; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English chemist and physicist who contributed vastly to the study of electrochemistry
Michael_Faraday
Euphrates-class troop-ship in service of the English Royal Navy
the Thames from the Blackwall Yard of Money Wigram and Sons on 7 January 1867. She was the fourth and last vessel of the Royal Navy to carry the name.
HMS_Crocodile_(1867)
Period of Mexican history from 1867 to 1876
Republic (Spanish: República Restaurada) was the era of Mexican history between 1867 and 1876, starting with the liberal triumph over the Second French Intervention
Restored_Republic
Steam-assisted barquentine built in 1867, best known for Antarctic exploration
three-masted sailing ship with auxiliary steam engine that was built in Scotland in 1867 as a whaler. She was the ship with which Ernest Shackleton made his Nimrod
Nimrod_(1867_ship)
Federal United States law
The Tenure of Office Act was a United States federal law, in force from 1867 to 1887, that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove
Tenure_of_Office_Act_(1867)
1603–1868 Japanese military government (Edo Jidai)
The late Tokugawa shogunate (Bakumatsu) was the period between 1853 and 1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and
Tokugawa_shogunate
Japanese samurai and politician (1836–1867)
Sakamoto Ryōma (坂本龍馬 or 坂本竜馬; 3 January 1836 – 10 December 1867) was a Japanese samurai, a shishi and influential figure of the Bakumatsu, and establishment
Sakamoto_Ryōma
2nd Congress of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA)
The Lausanne Congress of 1867 was the 2nd General Congress of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA). The meeting was held in the city of Lausanne
Lausanne_Congress_(1867)
The 1867 New York state election was held on November 5, 1867, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State
1867_New_York_state_election
Consolidated city-borough in Alaska, US
portion of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was under Russian rule from 1799 to 1867. The city is situated on the west side of Baranof Island and the south half
Sitka,_Alaska
legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1866 and 1867, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative
1866–67 United States Senate elections
1866–67_United_States_Senate_elections
Primary constitutional document of Canada
several amendments to the British North America Act, 1867, including renaming it the Constitution Act, 1867. In addition to patriating the Constitution, the
Constitution_Act,_1982
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 8 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 8 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada that requires
Section 8 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_8_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 10 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 10 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 10 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_10_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Events in the year 1867 in Japan. It corresponds to Keiō 2 and Keiō 3 in the Japanese calendar. Monarch: Kōmei until January 30 Meiji from February 3 Shōgun:
1867_in_Japan
1867 barque sunk in Lake Erie
Huntley in 1867. In 1868, she sank on Lake Erie off Lorain, Ohio after colliding with the Morning Star, which also sank. The Cortland built in 1867 by Albert
Cortland_(1867_ship)
1868 amendment addressing citizenship rights and civil and political liberties
January 16, 1867 Michigan: January 16, 1867 Minnesota: January 16, 1867 Kansas: January 17, 1867 Maine: January 19, 1867 Nevada: January 22, 1867 Indiana:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Events in the year 1867 in Peru. President: Mariano Ignacio Prado Peruvian Civil War of 1867 May 30 - Ramón Castilla v t e v t e
1867_in_Peru
Laws forming the central part of the Canadian constitution
The British North America Acts, 1867–1975, are a series of acts of Parliament that were at the core of the Constitution of Canada. Most were enacted by
British_North_America_Acts
Mexican army officer (1831–1867)
– 30 November 1867) was an artillery officer in the Mexican Army in the mid-19th century. During the French intervention of 1861–1867, he fought in the
Platón_Sánchez
US laws on ex-Confederate states' readmission to the Union (1867–68)
Reconstruction Acts, sometimes referred to collectively as the Reconstruction Act of 1867, were four landmark U.S. federal statutes enacted by the 39th and 40th United
Reconstruction_Acts
Events from the year 1867 in Canada. Monarch – Victoria Governor General of Canada – Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick
1867_in_Canada
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 55 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 55 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 55 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_55_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Honorific title for sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire
self-declared title was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867 and used subsequently by Isma'il Pasha of Egypt and his dynastic successors
Khedive
French chemist (1867–1914)
Jean Monet (August 8, 1867 – February 10, 1914) was the elder son of French Impressionist artist Claude Monet and Camille Doncieux Monet and the brother
Jean Monet (son of Claude Monet)
Jean_Monet_(son_of_Claude_Monet)
Central European monarchy (1000–1946)
Habsburgs, including in 1604–06, 1664–71, 1680–85, 1703–11, and 1848–49. From 1867, territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into Austria-Hungary
Kingdom_of_Hungary
Governor General of Canada is legislatively covered under the Constitution Act, 1867 and legally constituted by the Letters Patent, 1947, the institution is,
List of governors general of Canada
List_of_governors_general_of_Canada
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 91 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision in the Constitution of Canada that sets
Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_91_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
British possessions from 1783 to 1907
Canada was formed under the British North America Act, 1867 ("BNA Act", "Constitution Act, 1867"). Following royal assent of the BNA Act, three of the
British_North_America
1867 rebellion against British rule in Ireland
for a fresh rising planned for the following year. However the rising of 1867 proved poorly organised. A brief rising took place in County Kerry in February
Fenian_Rising
Group of paintings by Édouard Manet
Execution of Emperor Maximilian is a series of paintings by Édouard Manet from 1867 to 1869, depicting the execution by firing squad of Emperor Maximilian I
The Execution of Emperor Maximilian
The_Execution_of_Emperor_Maximilian
Germany in the year 1867. King of Bavaria – Ludwig II of Bavaria King of Prussia – William I King of Saxony – John February 12 - February 1867 North German federal
1867_in_Germany
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 70 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: Article 70 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada, which defined
Section 70 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_70_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
complete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1867. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1867
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1867
restored Hungarian Kingdom became an integral part of the Austrian Empire until 1867, when dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was created and the Hungarian Kingdom
List of heads of state of Hungary
List_of_heads_of_state_of_Hungary
Prussian bodybuilder (1867–1925)
(born Friedrich Wilhelm Müller, German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈmʏlɐ]; 2 April 1867 – 14 October 1925) was a German bodybuilder and showman from Prussia. He
Eugen_Sandow
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 92A of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 92A de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 92A of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_92A_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Christian missionary to India (1867–1951)
Amy Beatrice Carmichael (16 December 1867 – 18 January 1951) was an Irish Christian missionary in India who opened an orphanage and founded a mission in
Amy_Carmichael
Provision of the Canadian Constitution
Section 125 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 125 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 125 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_125_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
House elections for the 40th U.S. Congress
Representatives elections took place between June 4, 1866, and September 6, 1867, to elect the 193 members and seven non-voting delegates of the House of
1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections
1866–67_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
Provision of the Constitution of Canada
Section 18 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 18 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating
Section 18 of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section_18_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867
Legislative Assembly election in Australia
were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 18 June 1867 and 19 July 1867 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly. Due to
1867 Queensland colonial election
1867_Queensland_colonial_election
1867
1867
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset)
English (Somerset) : unexplained.James Fackrell (1787–1867) came to NY and VT from North Petherton, Somerset, England, in or before 1812, and subsequently moved to MI and thence to East Bountiful, UT.
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from the Old French personal name Germain. This was popular in France, where it had been borne by a 5th-century saint, bishop of Auxerre. It derives from Latin Germanus ‘brother’, ‘cousin’ (originally an adjective meaning ‘of the same stock’, from Latin germen ‘bud’, ‘shoot’). In the Romance languages, especially Italian, the popularity of the equivalent personal name has been enhanced by association with the meaning ‘brother (in God)’, and in Spanish the cognate surname is derived from the vocabulary word meaning ‘brother’ rather than from a personal name. The feminine form, Germaine, which occurs as a place name in Aisne, Marne, and Haute-Marne, is associated with a late 16th-century saint from Provençal, the daughter of a poor farmer, who was canonized in 1867.English : variant of German.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Waite.Thomas Wait came to MA from England in 1634. Samuel Wait (1789–1867), a Baptist clergyman, was born in White Creek, NY, organized Baptists in NC and helped found what became Wake Forest College (1838).
1867
1867
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian, Telugu
A Province Country in Ancient India, Where Goddess Sita was Born
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Lord Shiv; Shiv
Boy/Male
British, English
Below the Earth
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Victory
Male
French
French form of Latin Nazarius, NAZAIRE means "of Nazareth."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Tamil
With beautiful hair
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English, Old French brachet, denoting a type of hound. The word was also used as a term of abuse.Captain Richard Brackett (1610–c. 1691) came to Boston, MA, in about 1629, and moved to Braintree, MA, in 1641.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Happy; Cheerful Heart
1867
1867
1867
1867
1867
n.
A title originally conferred by the Mikado on the military governor of the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of power the Shoguns (known to foreigners as Tycoons) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan. The title was abolished in 1867.
n.
A governor or viceroy; -- a title granted in 1867 by the sultan of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt.
n.
An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867.