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Calendar year
1688 (MDCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1688th
1688
British revolution of 1688
The Glorious Revolution was the deposition of King James II in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband, James's nephew
Glorious_Revolution
Topics referred to by the same term
1688 Revolution may refer to Glorious Revolution, the overthrow of King James II of England Siamese revolution of 1688, the overthrow of pro-foreign Siamese
1688_Revolution
King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1685 to 1688
of Scotland as James VII from February 1685 until he was deposed in the 1688 Glorious Revolution. The last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and
James_II_of_England
English civil rights legislation
1689 (1 Will. & Mar. Sess. 2. c. 2) (sometimes known as the Bill of Rights 1688) is an act of the Parliament of England that set out certain basic civil
Bill_of_Rights_1689
War between France and a European coalition (1688–1697)
The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between France and the Grand Alliance. Fought primarily in Europe, related conflicts
Nine_Years'_War
English soldier, historian, and politician (1620–1688)
Sir Winston Churchill FRS (18 April 1620 – 26 March 1688), known as the Cavalier Colonel, was an English soldier, historian, and politician. He was the
Winston_Churchill_(Cavalier)
Chinese multinational technology company
between importers and exporters from nearly all countries, the Chinese portal 1688.com, which manages domestic B2B trade in China, and AliExpress.com, a global
Alibaba_Group
English writer and preacher (1628–1688)
John Bunyan (/ˈbʌnjən/; 1628 – 31 August 1688) was an English writer and nonconformist preacher. He is best remembered as the author of the Christian allegory
John_Bunyan
English poet (1688–1744)
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most
Alexander_Pope
Consort of Queen Anne from 1702 to 1708
father, the British ruler James II, was deposed in the Glorious Revolution in 1688, and William and Mary succeeded him as joint monarchs with Anne as heir presumptive
Prince_George_of_Denmark
Anti-French uprising in the Ayutthaya Kingdom; new dynasty established
The Siamese revolution of 1688 was a major popular uprising in the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom (modern Thailand) which led to the overthrow of the pro-French
Siamese_revolution_of_1688
Dispositions during the Glorious Revolution
Revolution of 1688–1699, Dutch troops led by William of Orange were deployed on English soil following William's landing at Brixham on 5 November 1688. The Disbanding
Dutch troops in England, 1688–1699
Dutch_troops_in_England,_1688–1699
Willoughby Hickman (1688–1712) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1711 to 1712. Hickman was the third son of Sir Willoughby
Willoughby Hickman (1688–1712)
Willoughby_Hickman_(1688–1712)
Act of the Parliament of England, giving freedom of worship to some nonconformists
The Toleration Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 18), also referred to as the Act of Toleration or the Toleration Act 1689, was an act of the Parliament of England
Toleration_Act_1688
1688 battle of the Nine Years' War
the League of Augsburg. It occurred between 27 September and 30 October 1688 and ended in a French victory over the Imperial garrison. Lavisse, Ernest
Siege_of_Philippsburg_(1688)
Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1694
"the Old Pretender"), led to his deposition in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the adoption of the English Bill of Rights. William and Mary became king
Mary_II
Jacobite pretender (1688–1766)
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), also known as the Old Pretender, was the senior House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of
James_Francis_Edward_Stuart
1660 restoration of the monarchy in the British Isles
Charles II (1660–1685), and sometimes that of his brother James II (1685–1688). The Restoration had significant political and legal consequences. The Indemnity
Stuart_Restoration
17th to 18th-century British political ideology
Jacobitism was the name for a political movement active from 1688 to the end of the 18th century. Its primary objective was the restoration of the exiled
Jacobitism
1688 bombardment
The bombardment of Algiers in 1688 was a military expedition ordered by Louis XIV against the Regency of Algiers in order to enforce the peace treaty of
Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1688)
War from 1681 to 1688
The Franco–Algerian war (1681–1688) was part of a wider campaign by France against the Barbary Pirates in the 1680s. King Louis XIV sought to have the
Franco-Algerian war (1681–1688)
Franco-Algerian_war_(1681–1688)
Events from the year 1688 in France. Monarch – Louis XIV January 29 – Madame Jeanne Guyon, French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven
1688_in_France
Act of the Parliament of England
The Royal Mines Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 30), sometimes referred to as the Mines Royal Act 1688, is an act of the Parliament of England. As of 2026[update]
Mines_Royal_Act_1688
This is a list of acts of the Parliament of England for the year 1688. For acts passed during the period 1707–1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament
List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1688
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England_from_1688
This article covers the history of Antigua and Barbuda from 1688 until the prelude to emancipation in 1832. During this era, the parishes and government
History of Antigua and Barbuda (1688–1832)
History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda_(1688–1832)
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1702
religious leaders, William invaded England in the Glorious Revolution. In 1688, he landed at the south-western English port of Brixham; James was deposed
William_III_of_England
Jesuit missionary and court painter during the Qing dynasty
(simplified Chinese: 郎世宁; traditional Chinese: 郎世寧; pinyin: Láng Shìníng; 19 July 1688 – 17 July 1766), was an Italian Jesuit brother and missionary in China, where
Giuseppe Castiglione (Jesuit painter)
Giuseppe_Castiglione_(Jesuit_painter)
American antislavery document
and the right to be free from being forced to work against their will. In 1688, five years after Germantown was founded, Pastorius, Garret Hendericks, Derick
1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery
1688_Germantown_Quaker_Petition_Against_Slavery
Part of the Great Turkish War
The siege of Knin was a siege undertaken in 1688 by the Venetian governor of Dalmatia, Girolamo Cornaro, and his local allies during the course of Great
Siege_of_Knin_(1688)
Earthquake in Turkey
The 1688 Smyrna earthquake (Turkish: 1688 İzmir depremi) first occurred on 30 June. A second earthquake struck eleven days later at 11:45 on 10 July,
1688_Smyrna_earthquake
Politician (1688–1775)
Robert Livingston (July 24, 1688 – June 27, 1775) was a British colonial era landowner, businessman, and Provincial assemblyman. Known as Robert of Clermont
Robert_Livingston_(1688–1775)
List of events
Events from the year 1688 in England. This was the year of the Glorious Revolution that overthrew King James II. Monarch – James II (until 11 December)
1688_in_England
Events from the year 1688 in Sweden Monarch – Charles XI The monarch extends the Great Reversion to Swedish Livonia. Coffee is served in public in Stockholm
1688_in_Sweden
English politician
Richard Jackson (1688–1768), of Crutched Friars, London, was a British merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons briefly in 1734. Jackson
Richard_Jackson_(Sudbury_MP)
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1702 to 1714
throne, but three years later he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Mary and William became joint monarchs. Although the sisters had been close
Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain
French pirate (fl. 1680–1688)
Jean Rose (fl. 1680–1688) was a French pirate and buccaneer active against the Spanish in Central and South America. In early 1680 Rose joined John Coxon
Jean_Rose
Main-belt asteroid
1688 Wilkens, provisional designation 1951 EQ1, is a Mitidika asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter
1688_Wilkens
Events from the year 1688 in Ireland. Monarch: James II (until 23 December), deposed Dame Mary Joseph Butler establishes a Benedictine house in Dublin
1688_in_Ireland
Painting by J. M. W. Turner
William III, Embarked from Holland, and Landed at Torbay, November 4th, 1688, after a Stormy Passage is an 1832 marine history painting by the English
The Prince of Orange Landing at Torbay
The_Prince_of_Orange_Landing_at_Torbay
The year 1688 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. The constellation Sceptrum Brandenburgicum is named
1688_in_science
Icelandic churchman (c. 1618–1688)
Stefán Ólafsson of Vallanes (c. 1618–1688) was an Icelandic churchman and poet. Stefán was one of the fifteen children of Ólafur Einarsson (1573–1651)
Stefán_Ólafsson
Act of the Parliament of England
The Habeas Corpus Suspension Acts of 1688 were three acts of the Parliament of England (1 Will. & Mar. cc. 2, 7 & 19) which temporarily suspended the right
Habeas Corpus Suspension Acts of 1688
Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Acts_of_1688
1688 siege of the Great Turkish War
lasted a month and culminated in the capture of the city on 6 September 1688. By conquering Belgrade, Habsburg forces gained an important strategic outpost
Siege_of_Belgrade_(1688)
British Member of Parliament (1688-1768)
Thomas Yorke (1688–1768) of Gouthwaite Hall and Halton West, Yorkshire was an English landowner and politician, who sat in the British House of Commons
Thomas_Yorke_(1688–1768)
British landowner and Tory MP (1688–1745)
Thomas Lister (8 October 1688 – 15 May 1745), of Gisburne Park, Yorkshire, was a British landowner and Tory politician who represented Clitheroe in the
Thomas Lister (British politician, born 1688)
Thomas_Lister_(British_politician,_born_1688)
Town in Worcestershire, England
Droitwich as a Spa. Droitwich's first workhouse was set up on Holloway in 1688 and the last finally abolished in the 1920s. Droitwich Lunatic Asylum was
Droitwich_Spa
Art school in Austria
Austria. Founded in 1688 as a private academy, it is now a public university. The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna was founded in 1688 as a private academy
Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Vienna
Prince of Wallachia between 1678 and 1688
[ʃerˈban kantakuziˈno]), (1634/1640 – 29 October 1688) was a Prince of Wallachia between 1678 and 1688. Șerban Cantacuzino was a member of the Romanian
Șerban_Cantacuzino
English regional government in America, 1686–1689
bound for England in April 1688. He and other Massachusetts agents were well received by James, who promised in October 1688 that the colony's concerns
Dominion_of_New_England
Declaration of Reasons was a declaration by William III, written in September 1688, legitimizing his overthrowing of James II. The declaration argued that James
Declaration_of_Reasons
Prince of Wallachia between 1688 and 1714
brɨŋkoˈve̯anu] ; 1654 – August 15, 1714) was Prince of Wallachia between 1688 and 1714. Constantin Brâncoveanu was the son of Pope Brâncoveanu (Matthew)
Constantin_Brâncoveanu
German count (1664–1719)
February 1719) was an Imperial Generalfeldmarschall, from 1675 to 1688 Count and from 1688 until his death Prince (Fürst) of Nassau-Weiburg. Johann Ernst
Johann Ernst, Count of Nassau-Weilburg
Johann_Ernst,_Count_of_Nassau-Weilburg
Act of the Parliament of the England
The Simony Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 16) is an act of the Parliament of England that ensured that the simoniacal promotion of one person does not prejudice
Simony_Act_1688
org. Retrieved 2025-02-26. COERTZEN Pieter, The Huguenots of South Africa (1688-1988), Tafelberg, Le Cap, 1988 admin (2014-01-11). "The Dutch in South Africa
1680s_in_South_Africa
Man habituated to immoral conduct
aristocrat whose heyday was during the English Restoration period (1660–1688) at the court of King Charles II. They were typified by the "Merry Gang"
Rake_(stock_character)
Scottish politician (1650–1715)
contributing to his increasing isolation and ultimate deposition in the 1688 Glorious Revolution. In exile, Melfort became the first Jacobite Secretary
John Drummond, 1st Earl of Melfort
John_Drummond,_1st_Earl_of_Melfort
Rank of the navy of the United Kingdom
admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. From 1688 to 1805, this rank was fifth in order of precedence; after 1805, it was the
Vice-Admiral_of_the_White
Ruler of Brandenburg–Prussia from 1688 to 1713
the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg–Prussia). The latter
Frederick_I_of_Prussia
Battle during the Morean War
undertaken by the forces of the Republic of Venice from July to October 1688. The Venetian army, composed of several mercenary and allied contingents
Siege_of_Negroponte_(1688)
Earthquake in southern Italy in 1688
The 1688 Sannio earthquake occurred in the late afternoon of June 5 in the province of Benevento of southern Italy. The moment magnitude is estimated at
1688_Sannio_earthquake
Venetian politician (1632–1690)
the offensive and capturing Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in 1687 and Knin in 1688. In the latter siege, he also captured the pasha of Bosnia, Mehmed Pasha
Girolamo_Corner
English bishops tried for seditious libel in 1688
King's Bench in June 1688. The very unpopular prosecution of the bishops is viewed as a significant event contributing to the November 1688 Glorious Revolution
Seven_Bishops
English writer
Lewis Theobald /ˈtɪbəld/ (baptised 2 April 1688 – 18 September 1744), English textual editor and author, was a landmark figure both in the history of Shakespearean
Lewis_Theobald
ออกขุนชำนาญใจจง) was a Siamese diplomat who visited France and Rome on an embassy in 1688. He was preceded by the embassy of Kosa Pan in 1686. Ok-khun Chamnan was
Ok-khun_Chamnan
English merchant and politician
(1622 – 4 March 1688) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1659 and 1688. Bence was the eldest
John_Bence_(1622–1688)
Ceramic production in Cerreto Sannita and San Lorenzello, Italy
most flourishing period of production was after the earthquake of 5 June 1688. The reconstruction of Cerreto Sannita attracted many foreign "faenzari"
Cerreto_ceramics
British historian and academic
was awarded the Wolfson Prize for Devil-Land: England Under Siege, 1588–1688. Jackson was educated at Loretto School in Musselburgh, Scotland. She studied
Clare_Jackson
London alderman (d. 1685)
January 1689 an act of Parliament, the Reversing Henry Cornish's Attainder Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 16 Pr.) was passed reversing the attainder of Cornish
Henry_Cornish
1689–91 conflict
It is generally viewed as a related conflict of the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War. The November 1688 Glorious Revolution replaced the Catholic James with
Williamite_War_in_Ireland
1688 engagement of the Glorious Revolution
Broad Street, Reading Skirmish or Reading Fight) took place on 9 December 1688 in Reading, Berkshire during the Glorious Revolution. Dutch States Army dragoons
Battle_of_Reading_(1688)
Term used by historians to describe various 17th-century episodes in English history
English history. Prior to the 20th century, it was generally applied to the 1688 Glorious Revolution, when James II was deposed and a constitutional monarchy
English_Revolution
Siamese kingdom in Southeast Asia (1351–1767)
international trade and its culture flourished. The reign of Narai (r. 1657–1688) was known for Persian and later, European, influence and the sending of
Ayutthaya_Kingdom
article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1688. February – John Locke returns to England in the escort of Princess Mary
1688_in_literature
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685
the Revolution of 1688–91. In: Harris, T., & Taylor, S. (Eds.). (2015). The final crisis of the Stuart monarchy: the revolutions of 1688–91 in their British
Charles_II_of_England
Post-1688 claim of succession of the British crowns
male preference primogeniture, since the deposition of James II and VII in 1688 and his death in 1701. It is in opposition to the legal line of succession
Jacobite_succession
According to some sources, Yeğen Osman had more money than Ottoman treasury. In 1688 his forces, notorious because of the robbing of the population, robbed the
Yeğen_Osman_Pasha
British businessman (c. 1648–1713)
reference to Lloyd's coffee house appeared in The London Gazette on 21 February 1688: an advertisement that information about five stolen watches could be left
Edward Lloyd (coffee house owner)
Edward_Lloyd_(coffee_house_owner)
Rank of the navy of the United Kingdom
outranked by the rank Admiral of the Red (see order of precedence below). From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence second; after 1805 it was the
Admiral_of_the_White
Second wife of Aurangzeb (died 1688)
Aurangabadi Mahal (Persian: اورنگ آبادی محل; died 1688) was a consort of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Aurangabadi Mahal either belonged to Aurangabad
Aurangabadi_Mahal
American colonial politician (1659-1696)
Kendall as one of their representatives in the House of Burgesses, first in 1688 (although he failed to win re-election) and again for the 1692-1693 session
William_Kendall_Jr.
town center of Fermo, region of Marche, Italy. The library was founded in 1688 with the initial bequest of Romolo Spezioli, native of Fermo and physician
Biblioteca_Spezioli,_Fermo
English playwright, poet and spy (1640–1689)
(1688). Translation of Histoire des Oracles. Fontenelle: A Discovery of New Worlds (1688). Translation of Entretiens sur la pluralité des mondes (1688)
Aphra_Behn
Act of the Parliament of England
The Papists Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 9) was an act of the Parliament of England passed during the Glorious Revolution. Its full title was "An Act for
Papists_Act_1688
English philosopher and physician (1632–1704)
the execution of Charles I, Restoration of the Stuart monarchy, and the 1688 Glorious Revolution. These experiences affected his political thinking and
John_Locke
British royal house of Scottish origin
Two Stuart queens ruled the isles following the Glorious Revolution in 1688: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II
House_of_Stuart
Surname list
clergyman, royal chaplain, and theologian (father) Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688), English Anglican clergyman, Christian Hebraist, Classicist, theologian
Cudworth_(surname)
Former senior rank of the British Royal Navy
outranked by the rank Admiral of the White (see order of precedence below). From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence third; after 1805 it was the
Admiral_of_the_Blue
Anti-French European coalition (1689–1713)
the subsequent additions of Spain and Savoy, the Grand Alliance fought the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War against France that ended with the Peace of Ryswick
Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)
Grand_Alliance_(League_of_Augsburg)
Mayor of New York City from 1689 to 1691
Leisler's Rebellion. He was succeeded by former Mayor John Lawrence. In 1688, King James II of England and VII of Scotland was overthrown, and this precipitated
Peter_Delanoy
Sea captain, privateer and merchant
Alexander Hamilton (before 1688 – after 1733) was an East India Company officer, captain, privateer and merchant. In his early years he travelled widely
Alexander Hamilton (Bombay Marine officer)
Alexander_Hamilton_(Bombay_Marine_officer)
History of the municipality of Cerreto Sannita, Italy
destroyed by the earthquake of June 5, 1688, was later replaced by the present Cerreto Sannita, built between 1688 and 1696 to the design of royal engineer
History_of_Cerreto_Sannita
Heir apparent to Peter II of Portugal (1688)
João, Prince of Brazil (30 August 1688 – 17 September 1688) was the first child of Peter II of Portugal and Maria Sophia of Neuburg. He was made Prince
João,_Prince_of_Brazil
fellow Quakers leave Wales for Pennsylvania to avoid religious persecution. 1688 10 December – Mary of Modena, queen consort of King James II of England,
17th_century_in_Wales
Scottish professional soldier
Dutch States Army, which accompanied William III to England in the November 1688 Glorious Revolution. Ramsay fought in the Jacobite rising of 1689 in Scotland
George Ramsay (military officer)
George_Ramsay_(military_officer)
Historical group of pastoralists in Southern Africa
Cape Town, such as Paarl (settled from 1688), Stellenbosch (founded in 1679), and Franschhoek (settled from 1688), during the late 17th century and throughout
Trekboers
Romanian language Bible
translation of the Bible into the Romanian language, published in Bucharest in 1688. It was ordered and patronized by Șerban Cantacuzino, then-ruler of Wallachia
Bucharest_Bible
English clergyman, theologian, philosopher, and Cambridge Platonist (1617–1688)
Ralph Cudworth (/ˈreɪf ˈkʌdwɜːrθ/; 1617 – 26 June 1688) was an English Anglican clergyman, Christian Hebraist, classicist, theologian and philosopher,
Ralph_Cudworth
English actor
Thomas Elrington (1688–1732), was an English actor. Elrington was born in 1688 in London, near Golden Square, was apprenticed by his father, who 'had the
Thomas_Elrington_(actor)
Cathedral in Sant'Agata de'Goti, Italy
reconstructed in the 13th century, and then restored multiple times following the 1688 Sannio earthquake. The cathedral is a National Monument of Italy. The exterior
Cathedral of Sant'Agata de'Goti
Cathedral_of_Sant'Agata_de'Goti
1688
1688
Surname or Lastname
English (Gloucestershire and South Wales)
English (Gloucestershire and South Wales) : most probably from the Norman personal name Luce (a vernacular form of Latin Lucia or Lucius). This is generally a female name, although male bearers are found in France. It was borne by a young Sicilian maiden and an aged Roman widow, both of whom were martyred under Diocletian and are venerated as saints.English (Gloucestershire and South Wales) : Alternatively, the surname may be a variant of Lewis.English (Gloucestershire and South Wales) : American bearers of this surname are descended from Henry Luce (1640–c.1688), who came to Scituate, MA, from south Wales in or before 1666, and moved to Martha’s Vineyard, MA, in about 1670. He had many prominent descendants.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Jordan.A Jourdain from the Saintonge region of France is recorded in
Quebec City in 1676. Another, from the Savoie, is documented in 1688
in Lachine, Quebec, with the secondary surname Lafrizade. A third,
from Provence, is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1688; and another, also
called Labrosse, in Montreal in 1696. Other secondary surnames include
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Jordan.A Jourdain from the Saintonge region of France is recorded in
Quebec City in 1676. Another, from the Savoie, is documented in 1688
in Lachine, Quebec, with the secondary surname Lafrizade. A third,
from Provence, is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1688; and another, also
called Labrosse, in Montreal in 1696. Other secondary surnames include
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fenn.Reduced form of Irish McFann.The first recorded bearer of this name in North America is John Fann, who was born in Richmond Co., VA, in 1688.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in West Yorkshire named Colden, from Old English cald ‘cold’ col ‘charcoal’ + denu ‘valley’.English and Scottish : variant of Cowden.Cadwallader Colden (1688–1778), physician, botanist, and mathematician, who for fifteen years was lieutenant-governor of New York colony, was born in Dalkeith, Scotland.
1688
1688
Boy/Male
American, British, English, French, Teutonic
Army Ruler; Army Commander
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Skeleron in Rimington, Lancashire (formerly in West Yorkshire), earlier known as Skelhorn.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Indignation.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Indonesian, Malaysian, Sanskrit, Tamil
Honourable; Big Hearted
Male
Hebrew
(×™Ö°×—Ö´×™×ֵל) Variant spelling of Hebrew Yechiel, YEHIEL means "may God live!"
Boy/Male
Indian
Paradise, Heaven, Garden
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Easy; Convenient
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Moon
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Eyes with Long Lashes
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
The Best King
1688
1688
1688
1688
1688
n.
One of those adherents of James II. who refused to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, or to their successors, after the revolution of 1688; a Jacobite.
n.
A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary.
n.
One who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as taught by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher and religious writer, who was born a. d. 1688 and died 1772. Swedenborg claimed to have intercourse with the spiritual world, through the opening of his spiritual senses in 1745. He taught that the Lord Jesus Christ, as comprehending in himself all the fullness of the Godhead, is the one only God, and that there is a spiritual sense to the Scriptures, which he (Swedenborg) was able to reveal, because he saw the correspondence between natural and spiritual things.