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Soviet / Russian nuclear reactor type
The water-water energetic reactor (WWER), or VVER (from Russian: водо-водяной энергетический реактор (ВВЭР), romanized: vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy
VVER
Russian nuclear power plant
built Kursk 5 and Kursk 6 units which had construction halted, and two new VVER-TOI designs (Kursk II-1 and Kursk II-2) are under construction. The International
Kursk_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Russian state-owned nuclear technologies company
power units with Russian VVER-TOI reactor installations. Power Units No. 7 and No. 8 of the Leningrad NPP-2, equipped with VVER-1200 reactors, are being
Rosatom
Nuclear power station in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
a 2.4 GWe nuclear power plant in Bangladesh. It consists of two 1200 MWe VVER-1200 reactors. The nuclear power plant is located at Rooppur in Ishwardi
Rooppur_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Reactor accident due to core overheating
developments, however, certain older VVER models raise a high level of concern, especially the VVER-440 V230. The VVER-440 V230 has no containment building
Nuclear_meltdown
Nuclear power plant in Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Oblast, Russia
between 2 reactors. In 2008, construction started on Leningrad II with 2 VVER-1200 type reactors. They will eventually replace the RBMK units as they are
Leningrad_Nuclear_Power_Plant
AP1000 Planned 1150 Belene 1 PWR VVER-1000/V-320 VVER-1000/V-446B Unfinished 953 1011 1987 2008 2 PWR VVER-1000/V-320 VVER-1000/V-446B Unfinished 953 1011
Nuclear power reactors in Europe
Nuclear_power_reactors_in_Europe
after the annexation of Crimea. In 2018, Westinghouse's contract to supply VVER fuel was extended to 2025. In 2011 Energoatom began a project to bring safety
Nuclear_power_in_Ukraine
VVER reactor design. One plant was built again in Jaslovské Bohunice, the other in Dukovany (southern Moravia), both equipped with four reactors VVER-440
Nuclear power in the Czech Republic
Nuclear_power_in_the_Czech_Republic
as of 2018. The VVER-1200 pressurised water reactor is the system currently offered for construction, being an evolution of the VVER-1000 with increased
Nuclear_power_in_Russia
Type of nuclear reactor
such as the AP1000, Hualong One, APR-1400 and VVER-1000. New Generation III+ reactor designs: the AP1000, VVER-1200, CAP-1400, and EPR.The first AP1000 and
Pressurized_water_reactor
Class of nuclear reactors with improved safety over its predecessors
building. As an example, Rosatom installed a 200-tonne core catcher in the VVER reactor as the first large piece of equipment in the reactor building of
Generation_III_reactor
country's first nuclear power plant - Ninh Thuận 1 at Phuoc Dinh, using two VVER-1000 or 1200 reactors (increased later by two more units). The 4 X 1000 MW
Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam
Nuclear power plant in Hungary
Hungary's electricity production. VVER is a Soviet-designed pressurized water reactor type. The number following VVER, in this case 440, represents the
Paks_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Device used to capture fuel debris in a nuclear meltdown
core catchers, besides the EPR, are: SNR-300 (fast breeder) AES-91 / VVER-1000/428 VVER-1200 (PWR) SWR1000[broken anchor] (BWR) ESBWR (BWR) ABWR (BWR) APWR
Core_catcher
New nuclear reactor technologies under development
higher temperatures. One SCWR design under development is the VVER-1700/393 (VVER-SCWR or VVER-SKD) – a Russian SCWR with double-inlet-core and a breeding
Generation_IV_reactor
Nuclear power plant in Astravyets District, Belarus
of the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius. The plant is powered by two 1194-MW VVER-1200 units supplied by Atomstroyexport, the nuclear equipment exporter branch
Astravets_Nuclear_Power_Plant
imported many gigawatt-class PWR reactor designs: the French EPR, Russian VVER-1000, and US AP1000. In the Cold War, Beijing's initial motivation for developing
Nuclear_power_in_China
Nuclear power plant in Ukraine
is a nuclear plant in Ukraine in Rivne Oblast, which operates the first VVER-440 reactors to be constructed in Ukraine. The Regulatory Committee of Ukraine
Rivne_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Proposed Russian nuclear power plant
the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, the plant's design was again re-drawn to use VVER-1000 reactors. All construction came to a complete stop in 1990, not long
Kostroma_Nuclear_Power_Plant
2025. Retrieved 15 October 2025. "The construction of the 2nd innovative VVER-TOI power block at the Kursk NPP-2 site has started ahead of schedule". rosenergoatom
List of commercial nuclear reactors
List_of_commercial_nuclear_reactors
Ukrainian public nuclear company
four nuclear power plants in Ukraine consisting of 15 units (13 VVER-1000 units and 2 VVER-440 units) with a total installed capacity of 13,835 MW. The company
Energoatom
Decommissioned nuclear power plant located in Lubmin, Germany
German reunification.[citation needed] The plant's reactors were of the VVER-440/V-230 type, which was the second generation of Soviet-designed reactors
Greifswald Nuclear Power Plant
Greifswald_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear Power Plant in Haripur, West Bengal
Russia committed to supplying 20 nuclear reactors to India, including six VVER-1000 type reactors to be installed in Kundankulam and another six in Haripur
Haripur_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Loviisa, Finland
located close to the Finnish town of Loviisa. It houses two Soviet-designed VVER-440 pressurised water reactors, with capacities of 507 MW each. It is one
Loviisa_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Type of nuclear reactor that uses normal water
the NuScale MASLWR), the Russian Federation (offering both the VVER-1000 and the VVER-1200 for export), the Republic of France (offering the AREVA EPR
Light-water_reactor
Nuclear power plant in India
delays due to opposition from local fishermen. KKNPP is scheduled to have six VVER-1000 reactors built in collaboration with Atomstroyexport, the Russian state
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Kudankulam_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in the stage of commissioning in Turkey
build, own, and operate a power plant at Akkuyu comprising four 1,200 MW VVER units. The agreement was ratified by the Turkish Parliament in July 2010
Akkuyu_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Bulgaria
966 MW net. Units 5 and 6, constructed in 1987 and 1991, respectively are VVER-1000 reactors. By 2017, Unit 5 was to be upgraded to reach a capacity of
Kozloduy_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Balakovo Russian 1 VVER 1000 1986– Operational 2 VVER 1000 1988– Operational 3 VVER 1000 1989– Operational 4 VVER 1000 1993– Operational 5 VVER 1000 Planned
Nuclear power in the Soviet Union
Nuclear_power_in_the_Soviet_Union
India is expected to rise with the commissioning of multiple IPHWR-700 and VVER-1000 reactors. India has commissioned 3 indigenous reactors of the IPHWR-700
Nuclear_power_in_India
Power plant in the Czech Republic
Shutdown 1 VVER-440/213 475 MWe 510 MWe Feb 1985 Aug 1985 2065 (expected) 2 VVER-440/213 475 MWe 510 MWe Jan 1986 Sep 1986 2066 (expected) 3 VVER-440/213
Dukovany Nuclear Power Station
Dukovany_Nuclear_Power_Station
Nuclear-power plant in Enerhodar, Ukraine
operates the other three nuclear power stations in Ukraine. The plant has six VVER-1000 pressurized light water nuclear reactors (PWR), each fueled with 235U
Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Russian nuclear power equipment and service exporter
plant (NPP) construction and export business. ASE's flagship product is the VVER reactor. Rosatom's NPP operating company is Rosenergoatom. In addition, ASE
Atomstroyexport
Cancelled nuclear power plant in Cuba
signed an agreement to construct two 440-megawatt nuclear power reactors (VVER-440 V318) in the south central province of Cienfuegos, near the village of
Juragua_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant near Yerevan, Armenia
kilometers west of Yerevan in Armenia. The ANPP complex consists of two VVER-440 Model V270 nuclear reactors, each capable of generating 407.5 megawatts
Armenian_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Ukraine
generates nuclear power in Ukraine. The plant is operated by Energoatom. Two VVER-1000 reactors are operational, each generating 1000 MW (net) of electricity
Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant
Khmelnytskyi_Nuclear_Power_Plant
American nuclear power company
contract to supply VVER fuel was extended to 2025. In 2018, Westinghouse, under a further EU-funded project, started developing VVER-440 fuel. In October
Westinghouse_Electric_Company
forced its shutdown, prompting the government to rely on Soviet-designed VVER reactors at Bohunice NPP V1 and V2, reflecting the country’s strong political
Nuclear_power_in_Slovakia
Type of Soviet nuclear power reactor
serial production in the Soviet Union during the 1970s, the other being the VVER reactor. The name refers to its design where instead of a large steel pressure
RBMK
Nuclear power plant in Russia
Oblast, central Russia. The power station was vital to the development of the VVER design: every unit built was essentially a prototype of its design. On this
Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant
Novovoronezh_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Smolensk Oblast, Russia
modern VVER type reactors. The three sites (Kursk I, Leningrad I, Smolensk I) which all consist of 3+ RBMK reactors are going to be replaced with VVER-1200
Smolensk_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Decommissioned nuclear power plant in Ukraine
cost efficiency over safety compared to other reactor designs, such as the VVER pressurized water reactor. Originally named the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Heat exchanger used for converting water
and German PWR suppliers use the vertical configuration as well. Russian VVER reactor designs use horizontal steam generators, which have the tubes mounted
Steam generator (nuclear power)
Steam_generator_(nuclear_power)
Country in northern Europe
reactors at the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant and two old Soviet-designed VVER-440 at the Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant. The Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository
Finland
Nuclear power plant located in Slovakia
Slovakia. Two up-rated 470 MW (originally 440 MW) reactors plus a 471 MW VVER 440 reactor are presently in operation, with a fourth of the same type under
Mochovce_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant located in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
units use VVER pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology supplied from Russia. The first four units are Russian standard reactors of type VVER-1000, and
Tianwan_Nuclear_Power_Plant
output capacity of 1,826 MWe. VVER is the Soviet designation for a pressurized water reactor. The number following VVER, in this case 440, represents
Nuclear_power_in_Hungary
Nuclear power plant in Saratov Oblast, Russia
cycle for VVER reactors. A mixture of enriched uranium with recycled uranium and plutonium received from the used nuclear fuel at other VVER reactors is
Balakovo_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Planned power plant in Vietnam
Plans for it were cancelled in 2016. It will consisted of two 1,200 MWe VVER pressurised water reactors. The plant was to be built by Atomstroyexport
Ninh Thuận 1 Nuclear Power Plant
Ninh_Thuận_1_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Planned nuclear power plant in Egypt
It is the first nuclear power plant in Egypt. The plant will have four VVER-1200 reactors, making Egypt the only country in the region to have a Generation
El_Dabaa_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
is a thermal neutron reactor design, the newest of which are the Russian VVER-1200, Japanese Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor, American AP1000, Chinese
Nuclear_reactor
Minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time
French and Russian PWRs targeting to explore future possibilities for the new VVER-1200 nuclear power plant units in Hungary". Nuclear Engineering and Design
Base_load
Nuclear power plant in the stage of construction in Uzbekistan
the plant will only consist of two of these SMRs, with two large-scale VVER-1000 units, replacing remaining four SMRs. That brings the total planned
Uzbekistan Nuclear Power Plant
Uzbekistan_Nuclear_Power_Plant
in Loviisa, on the south coast (Gulf of Finland), the plant comprises two VVER-440 pressurized water reactors built by Soviet Atomenergoexport, but fitted
Nuclear_power_in_Finland
two pressurized water reactors (together 2000 MW net). Four old and unsafe VVER-440/230 reactors (4 x 408 MW net) were taken off-line in 2004 and 2007).
Nuclear_power_in_Bulgaria
Russian state-owned nuclear reactor designer
development, and production of nuclear power plant reactors, most notably the VVER range. OKB stands for experimental design bureau (опытно-конструкторское
OKB_Gidropress
Russian nuclear energy research and development laboratory
institute, such as: F-1 GT-MHR RBMK EGP-6 ELENA Romashka reactor VBER-300 VVER T-1 T-3A T-10 T-15(MD) NRCKI Official website [dead link] Токамак in the
Kurchatov_Institute
Nuclear reactor
reactors. This plan was later changed on 24 March 2026 to have two 1 GW VVER-1000 units and two 55MWe RITM-200N small modular reactors instead of the
RITM-200
Greifswald Nuclear Power Plant, was planned to house eight of the Russian 440 MW VVER-440 reactors. The first four went online between 1973 and 1979. Greifswald
Nuclear_power_in_Germany
Indian public sector undertaking
reactors. They include reactors like IPHWR-220, IPHWR-540, IPHWR-700, BWR-1, VVER 1000 reactors. Advanced heavy-water reactor BHAVINI Bhabha Atomic Research
Nuclear Power Corporation of India
Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India
Power plant in Slovakia
1985. The four power reactors are pressurized water reactors of the Soviet VVER-440 design. Annual electricity generation averages about 12,000 GWh. Upon
Bohunice_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Voronezh Oblast, Russia
Russian nuclear power plant with two 1200 MW pressurized water reactors (VVER) located in Voronezh Oblast. The power plant is built on the same site as
Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II
Novovoronezh_Nuclear_Power_Plant_II
Proposed nuclear power plant in Liaoning, China
water reactors, but the first two to start construction were changed to VVER-1200s. China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) owns 70% of the project
Xudabao_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Type of nuclear fuel
nuclear cycle for VVER reactors. A mixture of enriched uranium with recycled uranium and plutonium received from the used nuclear fuel at VVER reactors is used
Remix_Fuel
Plant in Polyarnye Zori, Russia on the Kola Peninsula
of PWR reactors (the VVER 440/230 type). The Phase 2 (No. 3 and 4 reactors) went online in 1981 and 1984 with the improved VVER 440/213 type. Phase 1
Kola_Nuclear_Power_Plant
PWR VVER-440 Unfinished 440 31 Mar 1982 4 Sep 1990 2 PWR VVER-440 Unfinished 440 31 Mar 1982 4 Sep 1990 3 PWR VVER-440 Cancelled 440 4 PWR VVER-440 Cancelled
Nuclear_power_in_Poland
American energy technology company
Power started manufacturing half-speed steam turbines for the four Rosatom VVER-1200s being built at Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, Turkey's first nuclear power
GE_Power
Abandoned nuclear power plant in northern Bulgaria
on the right bank of the Danube River. It was intended to substitute four VVER-440 V230 reactors of the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant that were decommissioned
Belene_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Hungarian energy company
power. An expansion is currently planned to add an additional two 1200 MW VVER reactors, allowing for Hungary to decrease its carbon emissions and potentially
MVM_Group
Surname list
Moiseevich Feinberg (1910–1973), Soviet nuclear physicist, chief engineer of the VVER reactor design Steve Feinberg, founder of Cerberus Capital Management 15569
Feinberg
Nuclear power plant
units that all produce 950 MW, it is a fine sized power station. It is a VVER type reactor and is in Russia. Russia portal Energy portal Nuclear technology
Kalinin_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Thermal power station where the heat source is a nuclear reactor
stations Release, Press (16 December 2020). "New modification of Russian VVER-440 fuel loaded at Paks NPP in Hungary". "PRIS – Home". Iaea.org. Retrieved
Nuclear_power_plant
Design classification for nuclear reactors
Prototypical and older versions of PWR, CANDU, IPHWR, BWR, AGR, RBMK and VVER are among them. These are contrasted to generation I reactors, which refer
Generation_II_reactor
construction was started on reactor projects all across the country using the newer VVER class of reactors. In some cases, complications with supply, export security
List of cancelled nuclear reactors in Russia
List_of_cancelled_nuclear_reactors_in_Russia
southern Iran. The site's first unit, a 1000 MWe pressurized water reactor (VVER-1000) built with Russian assistance, began operation in 2011–2013. Russia
Nuclear_program_of_Iran
Power plant in the Czech Republic
Group Operator ČEZ Group Employees ~1,000 Nuclear power station Reactor type VVER 1000/320 PWRs Power generation Units operational 2 x 1080 MWe (gross) Units cancelled
Temelín_Nuclear_Power_Station
Fast neutron research reactor
APR-1400 APR+ APWR ATMEA1 CAP1400 CPR-1000 EPR Hualong One ACPR1000 ACP1000 VVER RITM-200 KLT-40 OK-150/OK-900 OK-650 KN-3 VM IPWR-900 many others Supercritical
MBIR
Nuclear power plant in Ukraine
Power Plant and Oleksandrivska hydroelectric power station. It has three VVER-1000 pressurized water reactors and a net generation capacity of 2,850 megawatts
South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant
South_Ukraine_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Power station in Bushehr County, Iran
contractor for the project, Atomstroyexport, would install a V-320 915 MWe VVER-1000 pressurized water reactor into the existing Bushehr I building, with
Bushehr_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Volgodonsk, Russia
commercial operation on 28 September 2018. Units 3 and 4 are of an upgraded VVER-1000/320 subtype. The post–Soviet Union revival of the nuclear industry of
Rostov_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Change in nuclear fission rate caused by voids in a reactor
producing weapons-grade plutonium, unlike the other main Soviet design, the VVER. Before the Chernobyl accident these reactors had a positive void coefficient
Void_coefficient
Decommissioned nuclear reactor experiment in Idaho
APR-1400 APR+ APWR ATMEA1 CAP1400 CPR-1000 EPR Hualong One ACPR1000 ACP1000 VVER RITM-200 KLT-40 OK-150/OK-900 OK-650 KN-3 VM IPWR-900 many others Supercritical
Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment
Organic_Moderated_Reactor_Experiment
Soviet nuclear physicist (1910–1973)
Soviet nuclear physicist who contributed to the design and development of VVER nuclear reactors. Feinberg was born on 24 December 1910, in Baku and attended
Savely_Feinberg
Currently, Turkey has no operating commercial nuclear reactors. However, four VVER-1200 reactors at the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, are currently under construction
Nuclear_power_in_Turkey
City in Rostov Oblast, Russia
plant mainly builds Rosatom's VVER type pressurized water reactors both for domestic use and export. Four such reactors (VVER-1000 model) generated about
Volgodonsk
Material fuelling nuclear reactors
back-to-back on each fuel channel, pressure tube. Reprocessed uranium from Russian VVER reactor spent fuel is used to fabricate RBMK fuel. Following the Chernobyl
Nuclear_fuel
Nuclear reactor
APR-1400 APR+ APWR ATMEA1 CAP1400 CPR-1000 EPR Hualong One ACPR1000 ACP1000 VVER RITM-200 KLT-40 OK-150/OK-900 OK-650 KN-3 VM IPWR-900 many others Supercritical
KN-3_reactor
Russian engineer of Czech origin
concept of the pressurized water reactor, which led to numerous military and VVER-type civilian designs. In 1957 Dollezhal Institute launched their first dual-use
Nikolay_Dollezhal
In particular OMZ is a manufacturer of reactor pressure vessels for the VVER type of nuclear reactors and the manufacturer of EKG open-cut mining power
United_Heavy_Machinery
Nuclear power plant planned in Nigeria
Proposed Construction cost US$10 billion Nuclear power station Reactor type VVER-1200 Reactor supplier Atomstroyexport Power generation Units planned 2 ×
Itu_nuclear_power_plant
desalination, district heating and/or electrical generation. The VBER-300 would use VVER-type fuel. It was developed by OKBM Afrikantov in cooperation with Kurchatov
VBER-300
Russian nuclear pressurized water reactors
APR-1400 APR+ APWR ATMEA1 CAP1400 CPR-1000 EPR Hualong One ACPR1000 ACP1000 VVER RITM-200 KLT-40 OK-150/OK-900 OK-650 KN-3 VM IPWR-900 many others Supercritical
VM_reactor
Nuclear power plant in Birky, Ukraine
near the village of Birky, Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. Two power units with VVER-1000 reactors were supposed to produce electricity, as well as to provide
Kharkiv_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Canal in Russia
million tonnes per year. In 2016, the core of Belarusian nuclear power plant VVER-1200, which weighed 330 tonnes, was 13 meters high, and 4.5 meters in diameter
Volga–Don_Canal
Nuclear power plant component
doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2014.06.001. "Rosatom launches annealing technology for VVER-1000 units". World Nuclear News. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November
Reactor_pressure_vessel
7673545°E / 43.7473046; 23.7673545 (Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1) VVER 440 1974-2004 Shut down per EU demand Kozloduy NPP Unit 2 Kozloduy 43°44′55″N
List of power stations in Bulgaria
List_of_power_stations_in_Bulgaria
Nuclear fission reactor
APR-1400 APR+ APWR ATMEA1 CAP1400 CPR-1000 EPR Hualong One ACPR1000 ACP1000 VVER RITM-200 KLT-40 OK-150/OK-900 OK-650 KN-3 VM IPWR-900 many others Supercritical
OK-650_reactor
Russian physicist (1903–1994)
scientific supervisor for both of the Soviet Union's nuclear reactor designs: the VVER pressurized water reactor and the RBMK graphite-moderated reactor. He was
Anatoly Alexandrov (physicist)
Anatoly_Alexandrov_(physicist)
Town in Matrouh, Egypt
company Rosatom for a first VVER-1200 unit to start in 2024. In November 2017, preliminary contracts for the construction of four VVER-1200 units were signed
El_Dabaa
VVER
VVER
VVER
VVER
Boy/Male
Hindu
Female
English
Unisex contracted form of Latin Alexius, ALEXUS means "defender."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Pillar 1–3.German : variant of Pille (from Bilihar, composed of bil ‘sword’ + hari ‘army’).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : unexplained.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Adoniyah, ADONIJAH means "my Lord is Jehovah." In the bible, this is the name of the fourth son of David, and a couple of other characters.
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name NIYOL means "wind."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
A Name of Lord Ganesh
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Godly Light
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
God Karthikayan
Boy/Male
Hindu
Almighty Lord
Girl/Female
Muslim
Name of a tree
VVER
VVER
VVER
VVER
VVER