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Sum of marginal costs over all units produced
costs and variable costs make up the two components of total cost. Direct costs are costs that can easily be associated with a particular cost object. However
Variable_cost
statements must use absorption costing to comply with GAAP. Variable costing is a costing method that includes only variable manufacturing costs—direct materials
Variable_costing
Variable costs of production divided by total output
In economics, average variable cost (AVC) is a firm's variable costs (VC; labour, electricity, etc.) divided by the quantity of output produced (Q): A
Average_variable_cost
Procedures to optimize practices in cost efficient ways
cost accountants include standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and cost volume profit analysis, budgetary control, uniform costing
Cost_accounting
Business expenses not dependant on output
cost of goods sold, and variable costs are those captured in costs of goods sold under the variable costing method. Under full (absorption) costing fixed
Fixed_cost
Graph used in economics
(unadjustable) V = variable (adjustable) T = total (fixed plus variable) C = cost These can be combined in various ways to express different cost concepts (with
Cost_curve
Cost added by producing one additional unit of a product or service
calculus, marginal cost equals the change in total (or variable) cost that comes with each additional unit produced. Since fixed cost does not change in
Marginal_cost
Money spent to produce or procure goods or services
organization Repugnancy costs Semi-variable cost Total cost Variable cost Gross profit is revenue minus the cost of goods sold. O'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin
Cost
semi-variable cost (also referred to as a mixed or semi-fixed cost) is an expense which contains both a fixed cost component and a variable cost component
Semi-variable_cost
Method of apportioning costs
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity to all products and
Activity-based_costing
to the ICMA London, "absorption costing is a principle whereby fixed as well as variable costs are allocated to cost unit the term may be applied where
Total_absorption_costing
Total economic cost of production
of total cost or variable cost. Either of these derivatives work because the total cost includes variable cost and fixed cost, but fixed cost is a constant
Total_cost
Combination of losses of goods
"Variable Costing Formula (Examples) | How to Calculate Variable Costing?". 2019-01-10. Retrieved 2019-07-07. "Costs of production: fixed and variable
Economic_cost
Part of an activity that causes the change in its cost
Activity-based costing Fixed cost Variable cost Value chain Porter, M., Competitive Advantage [page needed] Shank, J. and Govindarajan, V., Strategic Cost Management:
Cost_driver
Approach to selling a product or service
Variable costing advantages and disadvantages (2016, 03 27). Retrieved from The Strategic CF: http://strategiccfo.com/wikicfo/absorption-vs-variable
Pricing_strategy
Cost accounting model
prices Variable cost per unit Total fixed costs Manpower Cost Direct and indirect CVP assumes the following: Constant sales price; Constant variable cost per
Cost–volume–profit_analysis
Use of borrowed funds in the purchase of an asset
is: Operating leverage = Revenue − Variable Cost Revenue − Variable Cost − Fixed Cost = Revenue − Variable Cost Operating Income {\displaystyle
Leverage_(finance)
Unit selling price minus its variable cost
per unit minus the variable cost per unit. "Contribution" represents the portion of sales revenue that is not consumed by variable costs and so contributes
Contribution_margin
Total cost divided by number of goods produced
marginal cost representing the cost of the last unit produced at each point; marginal costs in the short run are the slope of the variable cost curve (and
Average_cost
Behavior of individuals and firms
model for the cost of production, the short-run total cost is equal to fixed cost plus total variable cost. The fixed cost is the cost incurred regardless
Microeconomics
Fixed costs of production divided by the quantity of output
fixed cost is a reciprocal function that plots a rectangular hyperbola. Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost: A T C
Average_fixed_cost
Halting output when costs are excessive
all. Technically, shutdown occurs if average revenue is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing positive level of output. Producing anything
Shutdown_(economics)
Strategy of setting prices based on a fixed markup percentage
costs + variable costs Fixed costs do not generally depend on the number of units, while variable costs do. Step 2: Calculating unit cost Unit cost = (total
Cost-plus_pricing
Equality of costs and revenues
the break-even point if the dollar value of sales is higher than the variable cost per unit. This means that the selling price of the goods must be higher
Break-even_point
Concept in competition law
suppose the following situation for a firm: Price = 10 Sales = 1000 Variable cost per unit = 5 In this case, the firm would make profits equal to 5000:
Small but significant and non-transitory increase in price
Small_but_significant_and_non-transitory_increase_in_price
Principle of management accounting
"contribution" in marginal costing which is sales revenues less "variable" costs – "variable" being defined according to the marginal costing philosophy.) Investment
Throughput_accounting
Named container for a particular type of data
In some high-level programming languages, a variable is an abstract storage or indirection location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains
Variable (high-level programming language)
Variable_(high-level_programming_language)
Carrying value of goods sold during a particular period
totally variable costs are included in cost of goods sold and inventory is treated as investment. Lean accounting, in which most traditional costing methods
Cost_of_goods_sold
Cost accounting method utilizing efficiencies
reduction campaigns are based on them. Traditional standard costing (TSC), used in cost accounting, dates back to the 1920s and is a central method in
Standard_cost_accounting
Concepts in economics
combination of inputs is the least-cost combination of inputs for desired level of output when all inputs are variable. Once the decisions are made and
Long_run_and_short_run
Measure of how revenue growth translates into growth in operating income
if the unit variable cost is constant, then as sales increase, operating leverage (as measured by fixed costs to total costs or variable costs) decreases
Operating_leverage
Method of cost analysis, which itemizes the cost of a certain product into its components
estimated. Pursuing decent results, the dependent cost variable needs to be regressed on multiple cost drivers. Additionally to that, this type of analysis
Cost_breakdown_analysis
Type of adjustable-speed drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable
Variable-frequency_drive
Railway costing is the calculation of the variable and fixed costs of rail movements. Variable costs are those that increase or decrease with changes in
Railway_costing
Automotive transmission technology
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios, typically resulting
Continuously variable transmission
Continuously_variable_transmission
Production scheduling model
purchase cost or production cost + ordering cost + holding cost Where: Purchase cost: This is the variable cost of goods: purchase unit price × annual demand
Economic_order_quantity
Market structure in which firms are price takers for a homogeneous product
greater than its total variable cost ( R > VC {\displaystyle {\text{R}}>{\text{VC}}} ), then the firm is covering all variable costs and there is additional
Perfect_competition
Model used by cost accountants to determine profit
[F + v q]………….. (equation 9) Note, v q = variable cost of goods sold. (ii) Using full (absorption) costing Using (equation 3), where xp = planned production
Profit_model
Measure of lifetime average net present cost of electricity generation
curtailment. The cost of operational availability A o {\textstyle A_{o}} (known as availability factor for electricity generators) is variable per generation
Levelized_cost_of_electricity
Airplane wings capable of changing position to alter their geometry
A variable-sweep wing, colloquially known as a "swing wing", is an airplane wing, or set of wings, that may be modified during flight, swept back and then
Variable-sweep_wing
Statistical modeling method
(dependent variable) and one or more explanatory variables (regressor or independent variable). A model with exactly one explanatory variable is a simple
Linear_regression
Financial estimate; accounting concept
always the case. Cost to company (CTC) Capital expenditure (CAPEX) Operating expense (OPEX) Activity-based costing Life cycle cost analysis Total benefits
Total_cost_of_ownership
Numeric stand-ins in regression analysis
In regression analysis, a dummy variable (also known as indicator variable or just dummy) is one that takes a binary value (0 or 1) to indicate the absence
Dummy_variable_(statistics)
Topics referred to by the same term
cost, costs of doing business that do not change, such as rent and administration Total cost, fixed plus variable cost Average cost, the total cost of
Cost_(disambiguation)
Process of altering the timing of a valve lift event
Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve
Variable_valve_timing
Maintaining a device in working condition
maintenance contracts are generally a fixed cost, whereas improper maintenance introduces a variable cost: replacement of major equipment. Main objectives
Maintenance
Management paradigm
calculated from sales minus "totally variable cost", where totally variable cost is usually calculated as the cost of raw materials that go into creating
Theory_of_constraints
Unrecoverable cost that has been incurred
should not be deemed a "fixed" cost, with its cost spread out over time. Sunk costs should be kept separate. The "variable costs" for this project might
Sunk_cost
Ratio of operating income to net sales
remaining after variable costs, and the margin of safety measures how far actual or expected sales exceed the break-even point. Using standard cost–volume–profit
Operating_margin
Expenses which are related to the operation of a business, equipment or facility
disposal, etc. Semi-variable costs, the expenses necessary to keep the business in proper condition. Overhead costs for a business are the cost of resources
Operating_cost
Topics referred to by the same term
fundraising Contribution margin, the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit Contribution, a principle of insurance Goal contribution, a
Contribution
Balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures
budget – it is established for fixed cost and variable rate is determined per activity measure for variable cost. Appropriation budget – a maximum amount
Budget
Cost to produce, store and sell one unit of a particular product
fixed costs and all variable costs involved in production. Cost unit is a form of measurement of volume of production or service. Cost unit is the standard
Unit_cost
Saab engine technology concept
The Saab Variable Compression engine was a development project of Saab Automobile, for which it won an award both in 2000 and 2001. In a normal internal
Saab Variable Compression engine
Saab_Variable_Compression_engine
Charting technique in financial markets
Profile/LDB as the way to 'Improve Performance'. It is described as "the only variable-cost ticker service in the commodities industry." The promotional material
Market_profile
Concept in linear programming and mathematical optimization
possible for a corresponding variable to assume a positive value in the optimal solution. It is the cost for increasing a variable by a small amount, i.e.
Reduced_cost
Market structure with a single firm dominating the market
less than average variable cost for every output level – in other words where the demand curve is entirely below the average variable cost curve. Under these
Monopoly
Topics referred to by the same term
States, a legal device Atrioventricular canal, in the heart Average variable cost, a metric used in economics This disambiguation page lists articles
AVC
Mathematical model to assist inventory levels
fixed cost. This cost always exists when the production of a series is started. [$/production] c v {\displaystyle c_{v}} – variable cost. This cost type
Newsvendor_model
Ongoing expense of operating a business
JSTOR 1883513. Higuera, Valencia. "Are Wages Paid to Temporary Personnel a Variable Cost?". Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved 2015-10-26. "Fixed Costs: Definition
Overhead_(business)
Ratio between turnover and profit
deducting the cost of goods sold (COGS)—that is, all the direct costs—from the revenue. This margin compares revenue to variable cost. Service companies
Profit_margin
Cost advantages obtained via scale of operation
productions, an increase in the size of the plant reduces the average variable cost, thanks to the energy savings resulting from the lower dispersion of
Economies_of_scale
Deliberately undercutting prices to eliminate competition
firm can recover its short-term losses from pricing below the average variable cost (AVC). However, recoupment is not a precondition for establishing whether
Predatory_pricing
Process to determine the highest profits for a firm
short run span of time under consideration. Fixed cost and variable cost, combined, equal total cost. Revenue is the amount of money that a company receives
Profit_maximization
Goods held for resale
(throughput) cost accounting perspective follows some examples and a discussion of inventory from a financial accounting perspective. The internal costing/valuation
Inventory
Estimation of the cost of a project
maintenance and operation, cost estimates are used to establish funding or budgets. In manufacturing, costing plays a crucial role in cost estimation by identifying
Cost_estimate
Optimizing objective functions that have constrained variables
function with respect to some variables in the presence of constraints on those variables. The objective function is either a cost function or energy function
Constrained_optimization
IBM designation for sales of non-standard products
interfaces, hardware modifications, research or experimental systems, or variable-cost items. In the days of IBM's large mainframes, e.g. the System/360 and
Request_price_quotation
Difference between standard cost and amount sold
information and may include e.g.: Variable cost variances Direct material variances Direct labour variances Variable production overhead variances Fixed
Variance_(accounting)
Comparison of costs of different electricity generation sources
transmission and distribution in 2025 to handle the high volume of low-cost variable energy. BNEF's February 2026 data showed battery storage costs also
Cost_of_electricity_by_source
German/American accountant
1981), pp. 129–133. Pong, Chris, and Falconer Mitchell. "Full costing versus variable costing: Does the choice still matter? An empirical exploration of
Adolph_Matz
Topics referred to by the same term
episodes Pretty Cure, a Japanese anime franchise Percentage (pc) Prime cost or variable cost Principal Consultant, a management consulting position Professional
PC
Amount of a good that sellers are willing to provide in the market
axis. This reversal of the usual position of the dependent variable and the independent variable is an unfortunate but standard convention. The supply curve
Supply_(economics)
Genus of grass cultivated for grain
the significant crop losses from fungal disease, can be a significant variable cost in wheat production. Estimates of the amount of wheat production lost
Wheat
Marketing strategy
and other non-price variables. Therefore, the more common and plausible view would be that the marginal non-price variable cost is larger than the marginal
Non-price_competition
Air conditioning system that allows for individual control of spaces
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), is an HVAC technology invented by Daikin Industries, Ltd. in 1982. Daikin Industries, Ltd. named this "VRV" and holds
Variable_refrigerant_flow
Sources of electricity that can be used on demand
availability" and therefore their proposed role is to replace other high-variable cost sources at periods when they are available. "Fast-burst" are energy
Dispatchable_generation
Copper iron sulfide mineral
include: The highly variable cost of smelting Depending on the location, the amount of smelting availability is limited High cost of installing smelting
Chalcopyrite
System used by trains to cross a break of gauge
Variable gauge systems allow railway vehicles to travel between two railways with different track gauges. Vehicles are equipped with variable gauge axles
Variable_gauge
Precise use of a material in agriculture
considered to be cost-effective, and non-destructive. Sensor based VRA is calculated realtime, based on sensors that are local to the variable rate applicator
Variable_rate_application
Metalworking process
casting. These other methods generally have a higher fixed cost, but a lower variable cost than metal spinning. As machinery for commercial applications
Metal_spinning
Discipline of engineering
drivability of any given vehicle. Cost: The cost of a vehicle program is typically split into the effect on the variable cost of the vehicle, and the up-front
Automotive_engineering
Section of film budget
Visual effects supervisor Most of these crafts people are considered variable cost in the budget. Meaning, if you cut a scene from the script, potentially
Below-the-line_(filmmaking)
Indian electricity sector regulator
recovery of Annual Fixed Cost) Energy or Variable Charges (For recovery of Primary Fuel Cost wherever applicable) The annual fixed cost (AFC) of a generating
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
Central_Electricity_Regulatory_Commission
Life insurance combining flexible premiums with investment-linked cash-value accounts
Variable universal life insurance (often shortened to VUL) is a type of life insurance that builds a cash value. In a VUL, the cash value can be invested
Variable universal life insurance
Variable_universal_life_insurance
Benefit lost by a choice between options
represent the increase in total costs (which include both constant and variable costs) as output increases by 1 unit. The phrase "adjustment costs" gained
Opportunity_cost
Practice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified time
ongoing project activities ('where we are'); Monitoring the project variables (cost, effort, scope, etc.) against the project management plan and the project
Project_management
Capital invested in means of production
production, which contrasts with variable capital (v; German: variables Kapital). The distinction between constant and variable refers to an aspect of the economic
Constant_and_variable_capital
produced. average variable cost A firm's variable costs (labour, electricity, etc.) divided by the quantity of output produced. Variable costs are those
Glossary_of_economics
Branch of mathematics
Calculus is the "mathematical backbone" for solving problems in which variable quantities change with time or another reference value. It has also been
Calculus
Method of solving arithmetic problems involving mixtures
using simultaneous equations) is not possible (e.g., you have three variables but only two equations). Note that in this class of problem, there may
Alligation
Costs of owning and operating a car
Normally these expenditures are divided into fixed or standing costs and variable or running costs. Fixed costs are those which do not depend on the distance
Car_costs
German railway loyalty program
card price (a fixed cost), and ticket price (a variable cost). Once a passenger has bought a card, its price becomes a sunk cost and this makes the train
BahnCard
Model of the constraints of project management
triangle, and can be chosen as a variable to achieve project success. He calls this relationship PCTS (Performance, Cost, Time, Scope), and suggests that
Project_management_triangle
announcements. 1891 – reduced cost internet access (possibly timed) 1892 – local rate internet access (timed) 1893 – variable cost internet access (timed) 13xxx
Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland
Telephone_numbers_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Engine fuel economy system
Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) is Honda's term for its variable displacement technology, which saves fuel by deactivating the rear bank of 3 cylinders
Variable_Cylinder_Management
Optimal control equation
problem, and the costate variables represent the marginal cost of violating those constraints; in economic terms the costate variables are the shadow prices
Costate_equation
Contracting internal tasks to an external organization
company to become more flexible by transforming fixed into variable costs. A variable cost structure helps a company responding to changes in required
Outsourcing
Algorithm for solving linear programs
the variables explicitly. The idea is thus to start by solving the considered program with only a subset of its variables. Then iteratively, variables that
Column_generation
Total salary package of an employee
annual performance-based variable payout (also known as a bonus or commission), this will also be included in the CTC. The variable payout is usually a certain
Cost_to_company
VARIABLE COSTING
VARIABLE COSTING
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Amiable
Boy/Male
Hindu
Amiable
Boy/Male
Greek
Amiable.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Valuable
Boy/Male
Tamil
Amiable
Girl/Female
Tamil
Valuable
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Valuable
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the feminine personal name Mirabel, equated in medieval records with Latin mirabilis ‘marvellous’, ‘wonderful’ (in the sense ‘extraordinary’).
Girl/Female
Armenian
Valuable.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Valuable
Girl/Female
Indian
Valuable
Boy/Male
Vietnamese
Valuable.
Male
Danish
, amiable.
Male
Dutch
, amiable.
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Variable
Boy/Male
Arabic, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Telugu
Valuable
Boy/Male
Hawaiian
Valuable.
Boy/Male
Hindi
Valuable.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Valuable
Male
Danish
, amiable.
VARIABLE COSTING
VARIABLE COSTING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Veazey.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Collected
Boy/Male
Sikh
Immersed in the Love of divine
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Name of Several Kings; Universal
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, French, German, Latin, Shakespearean
Steep Mountain
Female
Slavic
 Short form of various Slavic forms of Greek Magdalēnē, MAGDA means "of Magdala."
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Of Mighty Power
Female
Persian/Iranian
(مینو) Variant spelling of Persian Minoo, MINU means "heaven, paradise."
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
Lord of Life
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Difficult
VARIABLE COSTING
VARIABLE COSTING
VARIABLE COSTING
VARIABLE COSTING
VARIABLE COSTING
a.
Invariable.
n.
A quantity which may increase or decrease; a quantity which admits of an infinite number of values in the same expression; a variable quantity; as, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, x and y are variables.
a.
Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; costly; as, a valuable horse; valuable land; a valuable cargo.
n.
That which is variable; that which varies, or is subject to change.
a.
Arable; tillable.
a.
Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of alternation in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds or seasons; a variable quantity.
adv.
In a variable manner.
v. t.
To represent by parable.
a.
Changeable; uncertain; inconstant; variable.
n.
A shifting wind, or one that varies in force.
a.
Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another.
a.
Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood; amiable ideas.
a.
Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; as, an amiable woman.
n.
Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.
n.
Arable land; plow land.
n.
Those parts of the sea where a steady wind is not expected, especially the parts between the trade-wind belts.
a.
Like the moon; variable.
a.
Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable.
a.
Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as, a valuable friend; a valuable companion.
n.
An invariable quantity; a constant.