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Layered sedimentary structure
Stromatolites (/stroʊˈmætəˌlaɪts, strə-/ stroh-MAT-ə-lytes, strə-) or stromatoliths (from Ancient Greek στρῶμα (strôma), GEN στρώματος (strṓmatos) 'layer
Stromatolite
Lichen stromatolites are laminar calcretes that are proposed as being formed by a sequence of repetitions of induration followed by lichen colonization
Lichen_stromatolite
Preserved remains or traces of organisms from a past geological age
cyanobacteria. Stromatolites provide some of the most ancient fossil records of life on Earth, dating back more than 3.5 billion years ago. Stromatolites were much
Fossil
Supracrustal Belt in Greenland. The earliest direct known life on Earth are stromatolite fossils which have been found in 3.480-billion-year-old geyserite uncovered
Earliest_known_life_forms
Protected area in Western Australia
reserve boasts the most diverse and abundant examples of living marine stromatolites in the world, monuments to life on Earth over 3,500 million years BP
Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve
Hamelin_Pool_Marine_Nature_Reserve
Bhojunda Stromatolite Park is located near Bhojunda village which is about 6 km south-west of Chittaurgarh city in Rajasthan, India. It is spread across
Bhojunda_Stromatolite_Park
Organism that consists of only one cell
Much of the fossilized stromatolites of the world can be found in Western Australia. There, some of the oldest stromatolites have been found, some dating
Unicellular_organism
Bay of the Indian Ocean in Western Australia
and most diverse seagrass beds in the world. However, it is for its stromatolites (colonies of microbial mats that form hard, dome-shaped deposits which
Shark_Bay
Clotted accretionary structures formed in shallow water
cyanobacteria. Thrombolites have a clotted structure without the laminae of stromatolites. Each clot within a thrombolite mound is a separate cyanobacterial colony
Thrombolite
First period of the Neoproterozoic Era
microfossils that represent the earliest known testate amoebozoans. Stromatolites begin to swiftly decrease during this period. Fungi are visibly preserved
Tonian
Third planet from the Sun
impression of the Archean, the eon after Earth's formation, featuring round stromatolites, which are early oxygen-producing forms of life from billions of years
Earth
Second era of the Archean Eon
includes a great variety of structures caused by ancient life including stromatolites and MISS once formed by microbial mats. Such microbial mats belong to
Paleoarchean
between carbonates, claystones and evaporates. Its base is delimited by a stromatolite bed. Below the Guelph is the Eramosa Formation. This formation is typically
Lockport_Group
Sedimentary precipitation of carbonate induced by microbes
and not. The most favorable time for stromatolite proliferation was from 2800 Ma to 1000 Ma when stromatolites were the main constituents of carbonate
Microbialite
Town in Western Australia
for some palaeontological findings in its surroundings. Fossilised stromatolites found nearby (one of the earliest forms of life on Earth) have been
Marble_Bar,_Western_Australia
is a list of all extinct cyanobacteria genera that formed stromatolites. Most stromatolites have been dated at least 3 billion years ago. "Proceedings
List of fossil stromatolite taxa
List_of_fossil_stromatolite_taxa
Microbial mat that forms on the surface of water or rocks
sediments are deposited or grow in place, creating dark-laminated layers. Stromatolites are prime examples of algal mats. Algal mats played an important role
Algal_mat
Reich, Mike (2011): Founding of the Term 'Stromatolite': Ernst Louis Kalkowsky(1851-1938) and his Early Stromatolite Research, in: Reitner, Joachim / Quéric
Ernst_Kalkowsky
American astrobiologist, microbiologist, and academic
composing stromatolites located in Highbourne Cay her work has provided insights into the microbial diversity and ecology of stromatolites and revealed
Jamie_S._Foster
Archean greenstone belt in southwestern Greenland
controversial. If these structures are stromatolites, they predate the oldest previously known stromatolites, found in the Dresser Formation in western
Isua_Greenstone_Belt
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
known life, mostly represented by shallow-water microbial mats called stromatolites, started in the Archean and remained simple prokaryotes (archaea and
Archean
Crater lake in Turkey
nature of the lake means that is one of the few locations where ancient stromatolite algae still grows. In 2019, a team of planetary scientists from the United
Lake_Salda
Extinct genus of cyanobacteria
of fossil cyanobacteria that form a particular type of stromatolites. Collenia are stromatolites made up of convex layers flattened in the center, forming
Collenia
Genus of fossil cyanobacteria
of fossil stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria from the late Riphean to Vendian stages of the Neoproterozoic era. List of fossil stromatolites M. R, Walter
Jurusania
Interlocking basalt columns in Northern Ireland
and frog orchid. A stromatolite colony was reportedly found at the Giant's Causeway in October 2011 – an unusual find, as stromatolites are more commonly
Giant's_Causeway
Natural history museum in Martinsville, Virginia, U.S.
and has more than 22 million items. This includes the first intact stromatolite head ever found in Virginia, which is one of the largest complete 'heads'
Virginia Museum of Natural History
Virginia_Museum_of_Natural_History
Geologic formation in Western Australia
volcaniclastic sandstone and conglomerate; hydrothermal barite; evaporites; and stromatolites. The lowermost of three stratigraphic units that comprise the Dresser
Dresser_Formation
Lake in the Mid West of Western Australia
of only a few places in the world with living marine stromatolites. The Lake Thetis stromatolites exhibit unusual columnar branching. These narrow, closely
Lake_Thetis
Largest verified impact structure on Earth
Site Official name Vredefort Dome Includes Vredefort Dome core area The stromatolite/basal fault plane site The chocolate tablet breccia site The pseudotachylite
Vredefort_impact_structure
Type of solid bitumen, or rock containing solid bitumen
Dark layers made of shungite in a stromatolite, Franceville Basin, Gabon, Central Africa
Shungite
Biological kingdom
evolution. Around the same time, the layered mats of microorganisms called stromatolites decreased in diversity, perhaps due to grazing by newly evolved animals
Animal
Island group in Nunavut, Canada
red bed) Costello Formation (carbonate slope deposit) Mavor Formation (stromatolite reef complex) Tukarak Formation (shallow water carbonate) Fairweather
Belcher_Islands
City in the Mexican state of Coahuila
crustaceans and gastropods, especially hydrobiid freshwater snails. Live stromatolites inhabit Cuatro Ciénegas' pools. These are colonies of certain types
Cuatro_Ciénegas
Region of Western Australia
oldest surface rocks, including the ancient fossilised remains known as stromatolites and rocks such as granites that are more than three billion years old
Pilbara
United States historic place
Gardens Road in Saratoga Springs, New York. It preserves a bed of ancient stromatolites in a Cambrian rock layer, which were the first to be recognized and
Petrified_Sea_Gardens
Geologic group in Western Australia
The Turee Creek Group is home to many stromatolites and thrombolites, with the most well known stromatolite–thrombolite locality being in the Kazput
Turee_Creek_Group
Genus of Neoproterozoic cyanobacteria
Inzeria is a genus of fossil stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria from the late Riphean stage of the Neoproterozoic era. There are currently 9 accepted species
Inzeria
1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0879:mrmrfb>2.3.co;2. Riding, R. (2007). "The term stromatolite: towards an essential definition". Lethaia. 32 (4): 321–330. doi:10.1111/j
Microbially induced sedimentary structure
Microbially_induced_sedimentary_structure
City in Sikkim, India
geotourism. Buxa Formation of Mamley (also called Mamley Stromatolite Park) in Mamley, the stromatolite bearing Dolomite Limestones has been declared national
Namchi
Lakes in Argentina
inhabited by extremophile microorganisms of interest to biotechnology; stromatolites have also been found there. The Ojos de Mar are six or three small 3–8-metre
Ojos_de_Mar
Accumulation of calcium salts in bodily tissue, usually bone
mineral deposition in biological systems, such as the formation of stromatolites or mollusc shells. Calcification can manifest itself in many ways in
Calcification
Metamorphic rock unit in Canada
the Clark Planetarium in Salt Lake City, Utah, US alongside samples of stromatolite and banded iron formation.[citation needed] In 2006, Peter Skinner and
Acasta_Gneiss
Country north of the Caribbean
Cemented ooids are referred to as grapestone. Additionally, giant stromatolites are found off the Exuma Cays. Sea level changes resulted in a drop in
The_Bahamas
Stage in the geological timescale named after the Urals
Mesoproterozoic eras. During the Riphean, there was a great increase in stromatolite diversity, possibly related to the appearance of eukaryotes. The word
Riphean_age
Marine environment between the shore and the continental shelf
crabs, worms, and bivalves. These are also classified as trace fossils. Stromatolites: laminated sedimentary structures formed when cyanobacteria create microbial
Shallow water marine environment
Shallow_water_marine_environment
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Tripathi, Abhishek B. (5 October 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils". Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR
Evolution
the southern Swan Coastal Plain Stromatolite like freshwater microbialite community of coastal brackish lakes Stromatolite like microbialite community of
List of threatened ecological communities of Western Australia
List_of_threatened_ecological_communities_of_Western_Australia
Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago
Likewise, early multicellular eukaryotes likely mainly aggregated into stromatolite mats. The red alga Bangiomorpha is the earliest known sexually reproducing
Boring_Billion
Australian geologist and astrobiologist
astrobiologist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) who studies stromatolites, detection of life on other planets, and evolution of life on early
Abigail_Allwood
Precambrian fossil locality in Australia
Formation is a Precambrian fossil locality in Australia, which preserves stromatolites and microorganisms in silica. Its preservational mode ceased in the
Bitter_Springs_Group
Genus of Neoproterozoic cyanobacteria
fossil stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria from the late Neoproterozoic era. There are currently 6 accepted species. List of fossil stromatolites "Linella
Linella
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms Marine primary production Pseudoplankton Stromatolite Tychoplankton Zoid C-MORE CPR AusCPR MOCNESS SCAR
Phytoplankton
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
of marine animals, grazing on the stromatolite mats by herbivores greatly reduced the occurrence of the stromatolites in marine environments. Since then
Cyanobacteria
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
the succeeding Phanerozoic, and fossils from the Precambrian (e.g. stromatolites) are of limited biostratigraphic use. This is because many Precambrian
Precambrian
not so commonly, are armored fish called placoderms, snails, sharks, stromatolites, trilobites and blastoids. Bryozoans (moss animals) are a type of marine
Animals_of_Devonian_Michigan
Geologic formation in California, United States
primarily within the Death Valley, Kingston Range and the Panamint Range. Stromatolite structures are common in the formation, ranging from Domal to Tubestone
Noonday_Dolomite
Fossil park in Uttar Pradesh, India
range. The fossils found in the Sonbhadra Fossils Park are algae and stromatolites types of fossils. The park is spread over an area of about 25 hectares
Salkhan_Fossils_Park
American biogeologist and paleontologist
Geological Society of America. Born in New England, he first studied stromatolites as a graduate student under famed paleobotanist Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn
Stanley_Awramik
Submerged ridge of rock, coral or other material
evolution of shelly macroscopic organisms, but they still exist today. Stromatolites, for instance, are microbial mounds with a laminated internal structure
Reef
Intersection of microbiology and geology
Sulfate Reduction in Stromatolites and Microbial Mats: Ancient and Modern Perspectives". In Tewari, V.; Seckbach, J. (eds.). STROMATOLITES: Interaction of
Geomicrobiology
Croatian experimental geobiologist
an AGU fellow (2011). Bosak is recognized for her work understanding stromatolite genesis, in addition to her work in broader geobiology and geochemistry
Tanja_Bosak
Natural lake in Quintana Roo, Mexico
huge population of the oldest life on the planet, the cauliflower-like stromatolites that only still exist in a few locations globally. On the lake's western
Lake_Bacalar
Film of microorganisms on a surface
cyanobacteria. Stromatolites include some of the most ancient records of life on Earth, and are still forming today. Modern stromatolites display microbial
Biofilm
Some of the most widely accepted fossil evidence for Archean life
microbial mats and stromatolites. Evidence for this hypothesis is preserved in both chert and lithified stromatolites. Stromatolites represent large colonies
Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt
Archean_life_in_the_Barberton_Greenstone_Belt
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
stromatolites, which are interpreted as colonies of microbes, including cyanobacteria, with characteristic layered structures. Modern stromatolites,
Great_Oxidation_Event
Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
Stromatolite fossil estimated at 3.2–3.6 billion years old
Biosphere
Town in Western Australia
nearby Nambung National Park. The saline Lake Thetis, which contains stromatolites, is also nearby. An arts festival is held every year in the town, usually
Cervantes,_Western_Australia
Island of the Exuma Cays, Bahamas
marine research facility from 1984 to 2012, which was connected to NOAA. Stromatolites are found offshore of the island. A map of 1823 shows it was actually
Lee_Stocking_Island
Accumulated calcareous material on an ancient seabed
Krumbein additionally used these terms to distinguish different shapes of stromatolites: "Distinctly bedded, widely extensive, blanketlike build-ups are biostromes
Reef_knoll
Geologic formation in Western Australia
Kungarra Formation is possibly home to the Kazput Reef Complex, a large stromatolite–thrombolite reef discovered in 2016, which also contains possibly the
Kungarra_Formation
Fossil bed in Bolivia
oolitic fossiliferous limestone, associated with large, freshwater stromatolites and nine levels of dinosaur tracks (trace fossils) in the El Molino
Cal_Orck'o
Period in Earth's history
AB, Czaja, AD, and Tripathi, AB. (2007). Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. Precambrian Research 158:141–155. Schopf, JW (2006)
Early_Earth
Mamley Stromatolite Park Namchi South Sikkim district Sikkim Geo-tourism: Also called "Buxa Formation of Mamley", is Algal mat#StromatolitesStromatolite Algal
National Geological Monuments of India
National_Geological_Monuments_of_India
Biological interaction
S2CID 26792772. Awramik, S. M. (19 November 1971). "Precambrian columnar stromatolite diversity: Reflection of metazoan appearance". Science. 174 (4011): 825–827
Predation
Extinct genus of bacteria
Jakutophyton is an extinct genus of stromatolite-making cyanobacteria. Gallet, Yves; Pavlov, Vladimir; Halverson, Galen; Hulot, Gauthier (2012). "Toward
Jakutophyton
stromatolites), unusual carbonate structures built by bacteria which resemble freshwater "coral" and which are the largest freshwater stromatolites in
Marble Canyon (British Columbia)
Marble_Canyon_(British_Columbia)
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
evidence of cyanobacteria is dated at 2100 million years ago, although stromatolites, associated with cyanobacterial biofilms, appear as early as 3500 million
Algae
Hypothesized snowball earth event
Sturtian glaciation ← First sponge-like animal? ← Sharp drop in the Stromatolite population ← End of the Boring Billion Major glacial period Events
Kaigas
Circular arc along the Hudson Bay coastline
and consists of unmetamorphosed to slightly metamorphosed sandstone, stromatolite-bearing dolomite, banded iron formation, and basalt. Further west, exposed
Nastapoka_arc
(pictured) contains the world's most diverse and abundant colony of living stromatolites. They provide insight into how some of the earliest microbial communities
List of World Heritage Sites in Australia
List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia
Chemical element with atomic number 38 (Sr)
basin (Southeastern Spain): Evidence of diagenetic replacement of a stromatolite belt". Sedimentary Geology. 39 (3–4): 281. Bibcode:1984SedG...39..281M
Strontium
Lake in Catamarca Province, Argentina
generated a shallow water area at the southeastern margin of the lake (Stromatolite Belt). The waters of the lake are hypersaline, their principal salt is
Laguna_Negra,_Catamarca
Species of archaea
hamelinensis is a halophilic archaeon isolated from the stromatolites in Australia. These living stromatolites are exposed to extreme conditions of salinity, desiccation
Halococcus_hamelinensis
Iron-ore mining districts around Lake Superior in the United States and Canada
annually and snowfall 53.2 in (135 cm). Geology of Minnesota Mesaba Railway Stromatolite Allison, Ira S. (July 1925). "The Giants Range Batholith of Minnesota"
Iron_Range
Domain of microorganisms
the dominant forms of life. Although bacterial fossils exist, such as stromatolites, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used
Bacteria
Genus of Neoproterozoic cyanobacteria
Kulparia is a genus of fossil stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria from the late Neoproterozoic era. It is named after the town of Kulpara in South Australia
Kulparia
Gas layer surrounding Earth
photosynthesis (known as the Great Oxygenation Event), which have been found as stromatolite fossils from 2.7 billion years ago. The early basic carbon isotopy (isotope
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Canadian paleontologist (1936–2010)
fossils that have illuminated life's early evolution, from Archean stromatolites and Proterozoic cyanobacteria, to the rise of multicellular organisms
Hans_J._Hofmann
Former office of New York's state paleontologist in Albany
and laboratory. Among his many discoveries here, Hall found that the stromatolite fossils discovered at Petrified Sea Gardens, a site near Saratoga Springs
James_Hall_Office
Trace fossil
to fossil cyanobacteria. "Spongiostromate" is also used to describe stromatolites and oncolites that do not preserve clear tubules or other cellular microstructure
Spongiostromata
Geological formation in Brazil
anneae and Procuhy nazariensis, as well as an unnamed rhinesuchid. Stromatolites are also present. Figueroa, Rodrigo T.; Gallo, Valéria (2017). "New
Pedra_de_Fogo_Formation
Study of interactions between Earth and the biosphere
Some classic examples of geobiology in the sedimentary record include stromatolites and banded-iron formations. The role of life in the origin of both of
Geobiology
Trace fossil
microorganisms, usually containing cyanobacteria. Oncolites are very similar to stromatolites, but, instead of forming columns, they form approximately spherical
Oncolite
Headland on the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada
siltstones, and limestones. Some of these rocks exhibit mud cracks and stromatolites, suggesting that deposition occurred in tidal or, at deepest, continental
Fortune_Head
Genus of fossil cyanobacteria
Conophyton is a genus of stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria from the Neoproterozoic era. Fossils have been found in many countries, including Australia
Conophyton
Paleontological research occurring within or conducted by Arizona
Precambrian, Arizona was home to a shallow sea which was home to jellyfish and stromatolite-forming bacteria. This sea was still in place during the Cambrian period
Paleontology_in_Arizona
Assembly of magmatic and sedimentary rocks that date to the Mesoproterozoic
metals in a number of areas, and some of the Belt rocks contain fossil stromatolites. Spectacular outcrops of Belt rocks can be seen in Glacier National
Belt_Supergroup
Geologic formation in Minnesota and Ontario
from the Paleoproterozoic. The Gunflint Chert is composed of biogenic stromatolites. At the time of its discovery in the 1950s, it was the earliest form
Gunflint_chert
Widespread geologic group in the Southeastern United States
Boundstones. Stromatolite reefs are a common occurrence in the Shakopee and are well documented throughout. Some of the recognized species of stromatolites are
Knox_Supergroup
Sedimentary rock containing large amounts of phosphate minerals
words, the word pristine is used when phosphatic sediment, phosphatized stromatolites and phosphate hardgrounds have not been disturbed. (2) Condensed: Phosphatic
Phosphorite
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Farm; Settlement of the Nobleman
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Renshaw.
Girl/Female
Biblical Latin
Which boils, or is very hot.
Girl/Female
Indian
Flower
Boy/Male
Biblical
The remnant shall return.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Love for good company
Boy/Male
Tamil
Richness
Girl/Female
Indian
Pure
Girl/Female
Hindi
Moon.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
The Rising Sun
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE
STROMATOLITE