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Style of medieval fortification
shell keep is a style of medieval fortification, best described as a stone structure circling the top of a motte. In English castle morphology, shell
Shell_keep
Fortified tower built in the Middle Ages
and was a term applied to the shell keep at Guînes, said to resemble a barrel. The term came to be used for other shell keeps by the 15th century. By
Keep
Castle that sits beside Loch Ness
"shell keep" (a hollow enclosure) of this date. These ruins are fragmentary but indicate that there were towers to the north and south of the shell keep
Urquhart_Castle
Grade I listed castle in Cardiff, Wales
began to be rebuilt in stone, probably by Robert of Gloucester, with a shell keep and substantial defensive walls being erected. Further work was conducted
Cardiff_Castle
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
Bash (short for "Bourne Again SHell") is an interactive command interpreter and command language developed for Unix-like operating systems. Created in
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Former castle of the bishop of Winchester
massive foundations of a Norman tower and then totally enclosed by a shell keep, with buttress turrets and a shallow gatehouse. Attached to the motte
Farnham_Castle
Medieval fortification
stone, with the keep and the gatehouse usually the first parts to be upgraded. Shell keeps were built on many mottes, circular stone shells running around
Motte-and-bailey_castle
Shell keep in Leiden, the Netherlands
(Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbʏr(ə)xt fɑn ˈlɛidə(n)]; Fort of Leiden) is an old shell keep in Leiden constructed in the 11th century. It is located at the spot where
Burcht_van_Leiden
Norman castle in Cornwall, England
Restormel Castle is an unusually well-preserved example of a circular shell keep, a rare type of fortification built during a short period in the 12th
Restormel_Castle
Norman motte and bailey castle in Devon, England
Bramber, who is probably responsible for constructing the first stone shell keep and walls on the site. By 1326, the castle had fallen into ruin and was
Totnes_Castle
Norman castle in Cornwall, England
keep is the 13th-century high tower, 12 metres (39 ft) in diameter, constructed from dark shale. This replaced any internal rooms that the shell keep
Launceston_Castle
Medieval architectural style
period had a high tower, called a donjon or keep, usually surrounded by a lower wall, called a shell keep. The earliest were rectangular, but were usually
French Romanesque architecture
French_Romanesque_architecture
Medieval castle in Gloucestershire, England
him permission to rebuild the castle. Fitzharding built the circular shell keep between 1153 and 1156, probably on the site of the former motte. The building
Berkeley_Castle
Styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans
Castle: keep Trematon Castle, shell keep and curtain White Tower, Tower of London Castle Rising Castle: keep entrance Chapel inside Dover Castle keep Hedingham
Norman_architecture
Grade I listed castle in the United Kingdom
ground. Before 1100, the de Clares replaced the wooden castle with a stone shell keep. This was reinforced during the thirteenth century, and in 1295 a stone
Tonbridge_Castle
Castle in Surrey, England
around the top of the motte creating what is known as a shell keep, and then around the 1130s a keep (tower) was added, again made of Bargate stone from nearby
Guildford_Castle
Unix shell
The Z shell (Zsh) is a shell and a command-line interpreter for shell scripts. Zsh mostly maintains the Bourne shell's syntax and behavior, but in its
Z_shell
Official country residence of British monarch
were driven in to support the motte and the old wooden keep was replaced with a new stone shell keep, with a probable gateway to the north-east and a new
Windsor_Castle
Country house, owned by National Trust
timber castle on the site as part of the pacification of Somerset. A stone shell keep was built on the motte by the start of the 12th century, and the castle
Dunster_Castle
12th century castle in Waterford, Ireland
is composed of a polygonal shell keep, enclosed with a curtain wall, with corner and gate towers. The 12th-century shell keep is the earliest part of the
Dungarvan_Castle
Fortified Centre of Wareham and Part of the Motte and Bailey Castle with Shell Keep", Historic England, retrieved 26 August 2016 Royal Commission on the Historical
Wareham Castle and town defences
Wareham_Castle_and_town_defences
Norman castle in Cornwall, England
shell keep raised on an earlier motte. Although in ruins, much of the Norman walls remain standing, so that the original form of the Castle and keep are
Trematon_Castle
The two principal elements in their construction were the great tower or keep, such as the White Tower, and the fortified enclosure, such as is provided
List_of_castles_in_England
Raised bank of land or barrier
fabric that provide a barrier to keep spills from reaching the ground or navigable waterways. Most berms have sidewalls to keep liquids contained for future
Berm
1995 film by Mamoru Oshii
Ghost in the Shell is a 1995 Japanese animated tech noir cyberpunk action thriller film directed by Mamoru Oshii from a screenplay by Kazunori Itō, based
Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)
Ghost_in_the_Shell_(1995_film)
Ruined castle in Hampshire, England
of the octagonal keep and outlying earthworks. In September 2007 Hampshire County Council undertook a restoration of the shell keep under guidance from
Odiham_Castle
Castle in Northumberland, England
built without a square keep. The castle consists of two main rings of buildings. The principal rooms are in the much-rebuilt shell keep at the centre of the
Alnwick_Castle
Defensive structure used in fortifications
tower Half tower Martello tower Scottish Broch Tower house Witch tower Shell keep Kennedy (2000). Kennedy, Hugh (2000). Crusader Castles. Cambridge University
Fortified_tower
Area-denial weapon
ferreus, the latter meaning "jagged iron" (literally "iron spiny snail-shell"). The former term derives from the ancient Greek word tribolos meaning
Caltrop
Phylum of animals having a dorsal nerve cord
of calcite, a material not used by chordates. Their hard, calcified shells keep their bodies well protected from the environment, and these skeletons
Chordate
Term for post-traumatic stress disorder
Shell shock is a term that originated during World War I to describe symptoms similar to those of combat stress reaction and post-traumatic stress disorder
Shell_shock
Ruined castle in Tretower, Powys, Wales
I, replaced the motte with a shell keep. By about 1230 a tall cylindrical keep was added to the inside of the shell keep, possibly by his great-grandson
Tretower_Castle
Defensive ditch surrounding a fortification or town
Retrieved May 12, 2010. Glaister, Dan (March 14, 2008). "US city plans moat to keep out migrants". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on September
Moat
Motte-and-bailey castle in Pembrokeshire, Wales
of stone, and show the original features without embellishments. The shell keep on the summit of the Motte is typical of the Norman stonework of the time
Wiston_Castle
Script written for an operating system shell
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered
Shell_script
2020 Japanese-American animated webseries
Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045 (Japanese: 攻殻機動隊 SAC_2045, Hepburn: Kōkaku Kidōtai Esu-Ē-Shī Nī-Zero-Yon-Go) is a Japanese original net animation (ONA) series
Ghost_in_the_Shell:_SAC_2045
Camouflaged one-man foxhole
hometown of Tikrit). List of established military terms Trench Fox hole Shell scrape Trench warfare Defensive fighting position Staff (April 18, 2003)
Spider_hole
Castle in North Yorkshire, England
stone shell keep. The current inner ward was originally the bailey, and was built between 1180 and 1187. The keep was developed into a stone shell keep sometime
Pickering_Castle
Early modern fortification style built to withstand cannon fire
star-shaped city". In the nineteenth century, the development of the explosive shell changed the nature of defensive fortifications. Elvas, in Portugal is considered
Bastion_fort
Fortified structure
lacking features such as towers and arrowslits and relying on a central keep. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, a scientific approach to castle
Castle
Defensive military storage fortification
location is a reinforced below-ground bathroom with fiber-reinforced plastic shells. Bunkers deflect the blast wave from nearby explosions to prevent ear and
Bunker
Small fortification with holes through which soldiers can fire ranged weapons
tilted or turned upside down by the nearby explosion of even medium (240mm) shells. However, it seems more likely that it originally alluded to pillar boxes
Pillbox_(military)
Type of fortress in Arab or Islamic regions
right position of a watchtower, on a hill top, is the wrong place for a keep or granary." Archaeologists have found images of similar towers in the ruins
Kasbah
United States-based subsidiary of Shell plc
Shell USA, Inc. (formerly Shell Oil Company, Inc.) is the United States–based wholly owned subsidiary of Shell plc, a British transnational corporation
Shell_USA
Type of barbed wire
Barbed wire obstacles were vulnerable to being pushed about by artillery shells; in World War I, this frequently resulted in a mass of randomly entangled
Concertina_wire
Air defense towers used by Nazi Germany
rounds per minute from their multi-level guns (albeit mostly smaller-caliber shells, such as the 2cm FlaK 30), with a range of up to 14 km (8.7 mi) in a 360-degree
Flak_tower
American multinational technology company
2019. Google moved 19.9 billion euros ($22.7 billion) through a Dutch shell company to Bermuda in 2017, as part of an arrangement that allows it to
Class of mollusks
would have allowed the shells of these early forms to become gas-filled (thus buoyant) in order to support them and keep the shells upright while the animal
Cephalopod
Castle in France
with flanking towers. The octagonal keep is considered one of the best preserved examples of a shell keep. A second keep, cylindrical, called the Prisoner's
Château_de_Gisors
Place of storage for ammunition or other explosive material
seawater in an emergency. The separation of shell and propellant gave the storage of the former the name "shell room" and the latter "powder room". Surface
Magazine_(artillery)
Payload-carrying projectile
A shell, in a modern military context, is a projectile whose payload contains an explosive, incendiary, or other chemical filling. Originally it was called
Shell_(projectile)
retrieved 5 February 2009 Historic England, "Aldford motte and bailey and shell keep castle (1007605)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 November
List of scheduled monuments in Cheshire (1066–1539)
List_of_scheduled_monuments_in_Cheshire_(1066–1539)
castles, three fortified manor houses, an enclosure castle, and a possible shell keep. A motte-and-bailey castle is characterised by two elements: the motte
List of castles in Greater Manchester
List_of_castles_in_Greater_Manchester
Underground structure for launching missiles
possible from major population centres. They had many defense systems to keep out intruders and other defense systems to prevent destruction (see Safeguard
Missile_launch_facility
Device used in the cooking of eggs
needle to keep the shell from cracking during boiling. If both ends of the shell are pierced, the egg can be blown out while preserving the shell (for crafts)
Egg_piercer
Video-sharing platform
on June 26, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2010. "YouTube redesigns website to keep viewers captivated". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on
YouTube
Town in Surrey, England
of shell keep at Guildford Castle (Grade I) (1177988)". National Heritage List for England. Alexander 2006, p. 19 Historic England. "The castle Keep (Grade
Guildford
Aldford, Cheshire castle
Margaret. Archaeological findings show that it was rebuilt in stone as a shell keep castle in the 13th century. The purpose of the castle appears to have
Aldford_Castle
records (formerly PastScape), retrieved 15 May 2021 Halton Castle: ruined shell keep castle on site of motte & bailey, Revealing Cheshire's Past, retrieved
List_of_castles_in_Cheshire
English actor, director, and producer (1923–2014)
Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep Gandhi afloat." At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio
Richard_Attenborough
Natural number
the Filling of Nucleonic Shells and the Revelation of Special Numbers Indicating the Filling of Subshells Within Those Shells". San José State University
2
Partly ruined castle in Oxford in Oxfordshire, England
reconstructed from its original materials in 1794. The ten-sided stone shell keep, 58 feet (18 m), constructed in the 13th century to replace an earlier
Oxford_Castle
Ongoing conflict since 2014
Offshore-Gas-Projekt an Shell und Exxon Mobil". www.energate-messenger.de (in German). 17 August 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2024. "Exxon und Shell kämpfen um ukrainische
Russo-Ukrainian_war
Anti-personnel artillery munitions
Shrapnel shells were anti-personnel artillery munitions that carried many individual bullets close to a target area and then ejected them to allow them
Shrapnel_shell
Evolution of crustaceans into crab-like forms
asymmetrical, and fit well into spiral snail shells; the abdomens of king crabs, even though they do not use snail shells for shelter, are also asymmetrical. An
Carcinisation
Medieval castle in Warwickshire, England
the motte-and-bailey was replaced with a stone keep castle. This new phase took the form of a shell keep with all the buildings constructed against the
Warwick_Castle
Circular fortified settlements found in Northern Europe
defended settlement on a rise of elevation Ringwork – Type of early castle Shell keep – Style of medieval fortification "Flying Past - The Historic Environment
Ringfort
Country in West Africa
the American Alien Tort Statute against Royal Dutch Shell and Brian Anderson, the head of Shell's Nigerian operation, settled out of court. Several hundred
Nigeria
Archipelagic country in South Asia
May 2014. Hogendorn, Jan. The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. pp. 23–24. Hogendorn, Jan and Johnson Marion (1986). The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. African
Maldives
Grade I listed monument in York, England
nine centuries on the north-west side of the River Foss. The now ruined keep of the medieval Norman castle is commonly referred to as Clifford's Tower
York_Castle
American serial killer and rapist (1958–1999)
Network (NIBIN) regarding the .380 shell casing that was recovered from the Nixon Hearing Aid Center. The .380 shell casing was a match to one that was
Robert_Eugene_Brashers
Phylum of invertebrate animals
ancestral mollusc" (see image below). This has a single, "limpet-like" shell on top, which is made of proteins and chitin reinforced with calcium carbonate
Mollusca
1999 film by the Wachowskis
resembles the opening credits of the 1995 Japanese cyberpunk film, Ghost in the Shell, which had a strong influence on the Matrix series. It was also used in
The_Matrix
The terms shell dwellers or shelldwellers, shell-breeding, or ostracophil are descriptive terms for cichlid fish that use the empty shells of aquatic snails
Shell_dwellers
Most beautiful woman in Greek mythology
states that in the middle of the 2nd century AD, the remains of an egg-shell, tied up in ribbons, were still suspended from the roof of a temple on the
Helen_of_Troy
1950–1953 conflict in Korean Peninsula
553,518 field gun shells and 2,569,941 mortar shells, while the communists fired 377,782 field gun shells and 672,194 mortar shells: a 5.8:1 ratio. The
Korean_War
American businessman (born 1950)
assets during bankruptcy proceedings by transferring them to trusts and shell corporations, which Bilzerian claimed was a fabrication. Bilzerian unsuccessfully
Paul_Bilzerian
Norman castle in Hertfordshire, England
century, the castle had been rebuilt in stone, probably by Becket, with a shell keep and an outer stone wall; the bailey was divided in two by a wall to form
Berkhamsted_Castle
Fortresses constructed primarily by stone or wood in earlier Japanese history
wood and earthenworks. Often, a system of fire beacons, drums, or conch shells was set up to enable communications between these castles over a great distance
Japanese_castle
Fortified structure
a depth of 18 metres (59 ft), intended to defeat the new high explosive shells. Towards the end of the century, Imperial Germany had developed a new form
Casemate
Land warfare involving static fortification of lines
gas shells. The British experimented with firing thermite incendiary shells, to set trees and ruins alight. However, all armies experienced shell shortages
Trench_warfare
1994 suicide of Nirvana singer and guitarist
purchased and received a receipt for shotgun shells. Cobain told the taxi driver he wanted to buy shells because he had been burglarized. On April 8,
Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain
Type of fortification
loopholes was one of the principal means of defense. A feudal lord could keep watch over his domain from the top of his tower. In southern Saudi Arabia
Watchtower
Vehicle used to film a tornado
eight months to finish, at a total cost of around US$81,000. TIV's armored shell consists of 1/8–1/4 inch steel plate welded to a two-inch square steel tubing
Tornado_Intercept_Vehicle
Content management system
exploited to allow hackers to, for example, upload their files (such as a web shell) that collect sensitive information. Developers can also use tools to analyze
WordPress
Clock tower in London, England
German bombing raid, either by a small bomb or by a British anti-aircraft shell. Stonework and ornamental ironwork were damaged, and the glass on the south
Big_Ben
2021 Microsoft operating system version
version of Windows. The operating system introduced a redesigned Windows shell influenced by elements of the canceled Windows 10X project, including a
Windows_11
Russian oligarch and mercenary leader (1961–2023)
heavy losses. In February 2023, Prigozhin began to complain about the "shell hunger" of Wagner during the battle for Bakhmut. On 22 February, in another
Yevgeny_Prigozhin
Italian luxury sports car manufacturer
relationship with petroleum company Shell Oil from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, and currently since 1996. Shell develops and supplies fuel and oils
Ferrari
Retired British ocean liner
deteriorated lifeboats was completed as they were putting stress on the side shell of the ship which has created cracks in the support system. Of the 22 lifeboats
RMS_Queen_Mary
Children's game
rope between the first two toes, while pulling on the rope to keep balance and hold the shells against the feet. Senft, Barbara; Senft, Gunter (2018). Growing
Coconut-shell_walking
Country in Southern Europe (1861–1946)
the war showed very early that her military strength was only a hollow shell. Italy's military failures against France, Greece, Yugoslavia and in the
Kingdom_of_Italy
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
encased in Europa's icy outer shell and distinct from a liquid ocean thought to exist farther down beneath the ice shell. Full confirmation of the lakes'
Europa_(moon)
Superfamily of crustaceans (Paguroidea)
crabs keep their shell clean along with the crabs of the family Porcellanidae. It is not rare to see both the worms and crabs in the same shell. There
Hermit_crab
Type of earthwork constructed in a military context
employed the shell scrape. This was a very shallow excavation allowing one soldier to lie horizontally while shielding his body from nearby shell bursts and
Defensive_fighting_position
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
relationship. The underlying core of electrons under aluminium's valence shell is that of the preceding noble gas, whereas those of the heavier group 13
Aluminium
Major deity in Hinduism
hair wound in a braid in a shell-like (kaparda) fashion". A kaparda is a cowrie shell, or a braid of hair in the form of a shell, or, more generally, hair
Shiva
Cold War bunker and museum in Ottawa, Canada
Diefenbunker in 2000. Additional part-time staff were hired throughout the year to keep up with museum maintenance and upkeep. As of 2008, the Diefenbunker averages
Diefenbunker
1815 battle of the Waterloo campaign
The saddle-bags, in many instances were torn from horses' backs ... One shell I saw explode under the two finest wheel-horses in the troop down they dropped
Battle_of_Waterloo
Sex-specific adaptations
the shell and may actually change her growth rate according to shell size availability. In other words, the male's ability to collect large shells depends
Sexual_dimorphism
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Nold.
Girl/Female
Welsh
Shell.
Girl/Female
Hindu
A way to do work
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Old Norse Ãsketill, ÃSKELL means "divine kettle."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Character, Custom, Nature
Male
English
Short form of English unisex Shelley, SHELL means "clearing near a ledge/slope."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a brisk or active person, from Middle English snell ‘quick’, ‘lively’, in part also representing a survival of the Old English personal name Snell or the cognate Old Norse Snjallr.
Girl/Female
Anglo Saxon English American
From the ledge meadow.
Boy/Male
English American
Meadow on a ledge.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill, from southeastern Middle English hell ‘hill’, a dialect form characteristic of Kent and Sussex.English : from a personal name, Helle, which may have been a variant of Elie (a Middle English form of Elias), or perhaps a short form of a personal name formed with Hild- as the first element (see Hilliard for example), or perhaps from the female personal name Helen.German : nickname from Middle High German hell ‘bright’, ‘shining’.German : variant of Helle 3.
Surname or Lastname
English (Gloucestershire)
English (Gloucestershire) : unexplained.Americanized spelling of Schill.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Good Character
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Assamese, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
From the Ledge Meadow; Meadow on the Ledge; Little Rock; Ewe; Female Sheep; Style; Manner; Method; Language
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Meadow on a Ledge
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Cultured
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Shell, a place in Worcestershire, so named from Old English scylf ‘bank’, ‘shelf’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Schelle ‘bell’.Americanized spelling of German Schall or Schill.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Shelley.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Mountain
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : topographic name for someone who lived near a marsh, from an old dialect word stel ‘bog’, where the land was built up on mudflats (behind the dyke) for cattle grazing. The word later assumed the meaning ‘small farm’.English (West Yorkshire) : variant of Still 2, possibly also of Steel.
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
Boy/Male
Hindu
Giving
Girl/Female
Indian, Indonesian, Sanskrit
Queen; Truthful; True Speech
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Antony and Cleopatra'. Friend to Mark Antony.
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, French, Swahili
Unusual; Unique; Radiance
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prasant | பà¯à®°à®·à®¾à®‚த
Calm and composed or cool
Boy/Male
Australian, Italian, Jamaican
God is Gracious; Famous Warrior
Girl/Female
Indian
Name of a mountain mentioned in the Quran
Boy/Male
Armenian
God's gift.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One Absorbed in God's Remembrance
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
SHELL KEEP
n.
The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell.
n.
A genus of bivalve shells; the hammer shell.
n.
A shell or pod.
a.
Having no shell.
v. i.
To exercise the sense of smell.
v. i.
To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
v. t.
To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod, etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters.
v. t.
To put under cover; to sheal.
n.
The outer husk, pod, or shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal; shell.
a.
Abounding with shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell.
n.
A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells, collectively.
v. t.
To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to shell a town.
n.
Any pteropod shell.
n.
A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with paper; as, a racing shell.
n.
Any bivalve mollusk which secretes a shelly tube around its siphon, as the watering-shell.
v. t.
To shell.
v. i.
To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling.
n.
A genus of marine shells. See Bubble shell.