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Motivation in human action
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self. Most times, actions that display self-interest are often
Self-interest
Ethical philosophy
Enlightened self-interest is a philosophy in ethics which states that persons who act to further the interests of others (or the interests of the group
Enlightened_self-interest
Principle that an action is rational if it maximizes one's self-interest
principle that an action is rational if and only if it maximizes one's self-interest. As such, it is considered a normative form of egoism, though historically
Rational_egoism
Topics referred to by the same term
interest could involve working against another Point of interest, a specific point location that someone may find useful or interesting Self-interest
Interest_(disambiguation)
Philosophy concerning self-regarding motivations or behaviour
they may be interested in either describing that people do act in self-interest or prescribing that they should. Other definitions of egoism may instead
Egoism
View that people should only act in their own self-interest
act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also
Ethical_egoism
Theory of perception and cognition biases
postmenopausal effects, the possible projection of sexual and commitment self-interest, and other differences including unrestricted sociosexuality. In the
Error_management_theory
British philosopher (1942–2017)
me. In many cases self-interest instructs us precisely not to follow self-interest, thus fitting the definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory
Derek_Parfit
1984 book by Derek Parfit
Parfit's main purpose in Part 2 is to make an argument against self-interest theory. Self-interest theorists consider the differences between different persons
Reasons_and_Persons
Instructional book for solving personal problems
turn, such advice – 'Remember the reality of self-interest' – would be being seriously advocated in the self-help world: in bestsellers like Swim with the
Self-help_book
Descriptive ethical view that people are always motivated by self-interest
Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism. It claims
Psychological_egoism
Social norm of reciprocating actions
predicted principles of self-interest. However, its prevalence in society allows it to play a key role in the decision-making process of self-interested and other-interested
Reciprocity (social psychology)
Reciprocity_(social_psychology)
Concept in modern economics
incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to accidentally act in the public interest, even when this is not something they intended
Invisible_hand
Family of views prioritizing pleasure
October 2024. Itai, Hiroaki (2021). "Bentham on Self-interest: Institutional Control of Self-interest". In Egashira, Susumu; Taishido, Masanori; Hands
Hedonism
Generalization theory explaining social behaviour regarding society and economics
meaning of individual self-interest is a combination of economic and psychological needs.[page needed] Fulfilling self-interest is often common within
Social_exchange_theory
1864 novella by Fyodor Dostoevsky
decide to act in a way that might not be considered to be in their own self-interest; some will do so simply to validate their existence and to protest and
Notes_from_Underground
2023 film by Jonathan Glazer
The Zone of Interest is a 2023 historical drama film written and directed by Jonathan Glazer. Loosely based on the 2014 novel by Martin Amis, the film
The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)
Insincere or strategic display of modesty
motives such as manipulation, self-promotion, or social validation. False humility often disguises arrogance, self-interest, or a desire for praise. In
False_humility
Concern for self above that of others
invisible hand saw the economic system as usefully channelling selfish self-interest to wider ends. John Locke, along with Adam Smith, was a key figure in
Selfishness
Concept in communication studies
interest (Crano, 1983; Crano & Prislin, 1995; Sivacek & Crano, 1982) is a communication theory that seeks to explain how an attitude of self-interest
Vested interest (communication theory)
Vested_interest_(communication_theory)
Philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand
obligation is to achieve his own well-being—it is for his life and his self-interest that an individual ought to obey a moral code. Ethical egoism is a corollary
Objectivism
Expression for behavior without rule of law
or self-interest in the struggle for survival". The phrase was introduced in Rudyard Kipling's 1894 work The Jungle Book, where it described the self-supportive
Law_of_the_jungle
Season of television series
The first season of the American television series Person of Interest premiered on September 22, 2011, and ended on May 17, 2012. The season is produced
Person_of_Interest_season_1
Voluntary giving of help to those in need
those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated
Charity_(practice)
1776 economics book by Adam Smith
clear paradigm shift from previous economic thought by proposing that self-interest and the forces of supply and demand, rather than regulation, should
The_Wealth_of_Nations
Goals and ambitions of a state
interest Realpolitik Realism (international relations) Self-interest "national interest". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2024-09-18. "National interest"
National_interest
Logical fallacy
rob or murder others is in man’s self-interest—which he must selflessly renounce. The idea that man’s self-interest can be served only by a non-sacrificial
Package-deal_fallacy
Personality construct
indifference to morality, lack of empathy, and a calculated focus on self-interest. Psychologists Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis created the construct
Machiavellianism_(psychology)
Psychological term
protected. Generally, an act of self-sacrifice conforms to the rule that it does not serve the person's best self-interest, and will leave the person in
Self-sacrifice
Ethical belief that actions are morally good only if they benefit others
supported. He believed that individuals had a moral obligation to renounce self-interest and live for others. Comte says, in his Catéchisme Positiviste, that:
Altruism_(ethics)
One of Aesop's Fables
cautionary tale on the need for cultivating honesty, even at the price of self-interest. It is also classified as Aarne-Thompson 729: The Axe falls into the
The_Honest_Woodcutter
Pejorative epithet for Great Britain
Britain prior to 1801, or England prior to 1707) in their pursuit of self-interest and the expansion of the British Empire. Perfidious means not keeping
Perfidious_Albion
American political strategist (born 1970)
organized conspiracy for the purposes of maintaining power for self-interest, and the self-interest of its donor class ... It's no longer dedicated to American
Steve_Schmidt
Commedia dell'arte character
situation and who fears no consequences. His main motivations are self-interest and self-preservation, yet Pulcinella tends to rescue other characters from
Pulcinella
Idea that refutes itself
negatively placed, such that it is not, in fact, in the egoist's rational self-interest to take things to such extremes. However, the (unregulated) tragedy
Self-refuting_idea
2016 book by Arlie Russell Hochschild
environmental regulation in this area, despite what would seem to be the self-interest of its residents. Hochschild's research led her to focus on the cultural
Strangers_in_Their_Own_Land
Theory of international relations
supranational international authority, states act in their own self-interest, and states want power for self-preservation. Classical realism differs from other forms
Classical realism (international relations)
Classical_realism_(international_relations)
Overview of and topical guide to self
Self-development Self-discipline Self-disclosure Self-discovery Self-efficacy Self-enhancement Self-estimated Self-gratification Self-help Self-interest Self-justification
Outline_of_self
Case law-derived doctrine in corporations law
prohibition against self-interest transactions. Conflicting interest transactions occur when a director, who has a conflicting interest with respect to a
Business_judgment_rule
Scottish economist and philosopher (1723–1790)
developed the concept of division of labour and expounded upon how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial
Adam_Smith
Cognitive bias
have an egocentric bias that motivates them to do things for their own self-interest rather than for altruistic reasons. Both of these theories, however
Naïve_cynicism
"Common well-being" or "general welfare"
Pareto optimality Public interest technology Public opinion Radio Act of 1927 Telecommunications Act of 1996 Self-interest Social Credit System Social
Public_interest
American journalist (born 1949)
Defense of Selfishness: Why the Code of Self-Sacrifice Is Unjust and Destructive; The Foreign Policy of Self-Interest: A Moral Ideal for America; Libertarianism:
Peter_Schwartz_(writer)
Concept in environmental philosophy
the enlargement of the ego-self to the eco-self results in environmentally responsible behaviour as a form of self-interest. Warwick Fox argued that Næss's
Ecological_self
Types of social ties by Ferdinand Tönnies
types. The Gesellschaft is associated with modern society and rational self-interest, which weakens the traditional bonds of family and local community that
Gemeinschaft_and_Gesellschaft
Situation when a party is involved in multiple interests
interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could
Conflict_of_interest
Type of social dilemma
of human cooperation. Hobbes believed that people act purely out of self-interest, writing in Leviathan in 1651 that "if any two men desire the same thing
Collective_action_problem
1974 United Kingdom company case law
assert, that the absence of any element of self-interest is enough to make an issue valid. Self-interest is only one, though no doubt the commonest,
Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd
Howard_Smith_Ltd_v_Ampol_Petroleum_Ltd
1997 studio album by Ninety Pound Wuss
Where Meager Die Of Self Interest is the second studio album by American christian punk group Ninety Pound Wuss, released in 1997 through Tooth & Nail
Where Meager Die of Self Interest
Where_Meager_Die_of_Self_Interest
American punk rock band
Christian punk scene with their self-titled debut (1996). The release of their second album, Where Meager Die Of Self Interest (1997) saw the band's sound
Ninety_Pound_Wuss
Inner state causing goal-directed behavior
tune with self-interest while irrational behavior goes against self-interest. For example, based on the assumption that it is in the self-interest of firms
Motivation
Person active in politics
their use and exploitation of power to achieve self interest. Ideally, they prioritize the public interest over their own profit. Challenges include how
Politician
5th-century BC Athenian historian and general
between states as ultimately mediated by, and constructed upon, fear and self-interest. His text is still studied at universities and military colleges worldwide
Thucydides
1997 Black Comedy Film
States as a result of unsustainably excessive immigration, political self-interest, and ratings-pursuing news media. The film stars James Earl Jones, Elizabeth
The_Second_Civil_War
1871–1872 novel by George Eliot
Issues include the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism, self-interest, religion, hypocrisy, political reform, and education. Leavened with
Middlemarch
climate change can threaten their self-interest and compromise their psychological integrity. The threat to self-interest can often result in ‘denialism’
Psychology of climate change denial
Psychology_of_climate_change_denial
Groups working or acting together
invariably leads individuals to inculcate social interest and the common good to help them achieve self-realization. Cooperation is common in non-human
Cooperation
English writer and journalist (born 1961)
an interest in works of science fiction such as Frank Herbert's Dune and the works of J. G. Ballard and Philip K. Dick. Into his teenage years, Self claimed
Will_Self
American author, consultant and speaker
communities and their leaders to transform the isolation, fear, and self-interest prevalent in Western culture into connectedness and caring for the whole
Peter_Block
Study of the foundations of politics
action. According to realism, political activity is primarily driven by self-interest. It asserts that actors pursue power to expand their sphere of influence
Political_philosophy
Commitment or expectation to act
non-performance. Performing one's duty may require some sacrifice of self-interest. A sense-of-duty is also a virtue or personality trait that characterizes
Duty
Excessive desire to acquire and consume material goods
"Success materialism" can be considered a pragmatic form of enlightened self-interest based on a prudent understanding of the character of market-oriented
Economic_materialism
Society controlled by the wealthiest citizens
You do it by persuading yourself that what is in your own personal self-interest is in the interests of everybody else. So you persuade yourself that
Plutocracy
Philosophical school founded by Yang Zhu
221 BCE), that believed that human actions are and should be based on self-interest. The school has been described by sinologists as an early form of psychological
Yangism
Offensive personality types
indifference to morality, lack of empathy, and a calculated focus on self-interest. Psychopathy is characterized by continuous antisocial behavior, impulsivity
Dark_triad
while heel authority figures tend to run their shows out of their own self-interest. From its founding in 1963 to 1997, the WWE looked to a president as
Professional wrestling authority figures
Professional_wrestling_authority_figures
Self-monitoring of adherence to standards
those standards. Self-regulation may ease compliance and ownership of standards, but it can also give rise to conflicts of interest. If any organization
Industry_self-regulation
Capacity for introspection and individuation as a subject
In the philosophy of self, self-awareness is the awareness and reflection of one's own personality or individuality, including traits, feelings, and behaviors
Self-awareness
Overuse of a shared resource
Hardin also pointed out the problem of individuals acting in rational self-interest by claiming that if all members in a group used common resources for
Tragedy_of_the_commons
Area of production, distribution, trade of, and consumption of goods and services
maintained that the basic motive for free trade is human self-interest. The so-called self-interest hypothesis became the anthropological basis for economics
Economy
Motivation for businesses to maximize profits
around the clock." Economist Milton Friedman has argued that greed and self-interest are universal human traits. On a 1979 episode of The Phil Donahue Show
Profit_motive
School of economic thought
primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals along with their self-interest. Austrian-school theorists hold that economic theory should be exclusively
Austrian_school_of_economics
Movement of people who track themselves with body-related data
makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in "self-knowledge through numbers". Quantified self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging
Quantified_self
Pain at the sight of another's good fortune
(2017-08-01). "Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness". Proceedings of the National Academy
Envy
of self-persuasion was that the factors within us determine our decision-making; for example, one's personality, self-esteem, education, or interest. How
Self-persuasion
Idiom
metaphor for a situation in which a choice made is clearly against one's self-interest. In the United Kingdom, turkeys are commonly eaten as part of the English
Turkeys_voting_for_Christmas
Taking advantage of circumstances
advantage when an opportunity presents itself, putting self-interest ahead of some other interest, in a way contrary either to a previously established
Opportunism
1874 book by Henry Sidgwick
require the sacrifice of self-interest (e.g., giving up one's life to save a fellow soldier). The only way duty and self-interest necessarily overlap is
The_Methods_of_Ethics
German philosopher and poet (1841–1876)
type of self-interest. Ignorant self-interest seeks to promote itself and capitalize on its will-to-live. In contrast, enlightened self-interest humbles
Philipp_Mainländer
German philosopher (1806–1856)
and rational egoism. Unlike the self-interest described by Ayn Rand, Stirner did not address individual self-interest, selfishness, or prescriptions for
Max_Stirner
Italian-born economist
to donate. Fundraising for the Arts: The Many Forms of Enlightened Self-interest (joint with Andrea Buraschi), European Financial Management, 2014, 20
Francesca_Cornelli
Economic theory applied to political science
elected officials, bureaucrats, and other government agents' perceived self-interest can influence their decisions. Economist James M. Buchanan received
Public_choice
Insatiable longing for material or immaterial gain; avarice
others. Modern economic thought frequently distinguishes greed from self-interest, even in its earliest works, and spends considerable effort distinguishing
Greed
Behavioral tendency towards action over inaction
malpractice cases, as possible charges can be pressed. The self-interest bias occurs if a person shows self-serving behaviors and justifies those in favor of their
Action_bias
Russian-American writer (1905–1982)
the demonstration of a new moral philosophy: the morality of rational self-interest". It advocates the core tenets of Rand's philosophy of Objectivism and
Ayn_Rand
Metaphor about spiteful attitude
mentality from strategic competition, where actions are calculated for self-interest and personal gain. People's rational behaviors are aimed directly at
Crab_mentality
Strong, positive emotional/mental states
could only be achieved through love for others, transcending narrow self-interest. Mozi contended that universal love was not merely an abstract concept
Love
School of anarchist thought
liberation and rejects subordination, emphasizing the absolute priority of self-interest. Max Stirner's philosophy is usually called "egoism". He says that the
Egoist_anarchism
Concept of public economics
gain in response to interference by special interest groups. Interference can lead to market failures. The self-interests of a politician may undermine fair
Government_failure
that, all else equal, voters do not, in fact, choose policies based on self-interest. The rich are not more likely to support policies that personally benefit
Altruism_theory_of_voting
Portrait of an artist made by that artist
Self-portraits are portraits artists make of themselves. Although self-portraits have been made since the earliest times, it is not until the mid-15th
Self-portrait
Concept regarding the moral worth of the individual
Negative and positive rights Non-aggression principle Personalism Self-help Self-interest Self-sustainability Social issue Voluntaryism "s.v. individualism"
Individualism
American media executive (born 1951)
of speech, or of the press, except in one's political or financial self-interest'". Kimmel was later allowed to return to the air. Iger, Robert (September
Bob_Iger
Feeling that causes attention to focus on an object, event or process
(sexual) interest needs to be measured, the changes in pupil size – despite its weaker, but still consistent, correlations with other measures such as self-reported
Interest_(emotion)
Topics referred to by the same term
organizing, in which communities come together to act in their shared self-interest Professional organizing, an industry build around creating organizational
Organizing
Professional fraud
self-dealing, an officeholder's official role allows her to affect one or more of her own personal interests." It is a form of conflict of interest.
Self-dealing
Human emotional need
the rise of phenomenology and humanistic psychology led to a renewed interest in self-esteem as a treatment for psychological disorders such as depression
Self-esteem
Internet-based advertising program
AdChoices is a self-regulatory program for online interest-based advertising that exists in the United States, Canada and across Europe. The program calls
AdChoices
Model of humans as rational, self-interested agents
of his analysis of self-interest with the model. Taken in the context of the work as a whole, Smith's discussion of self-interest in The Wealth of Nations
Homo_economicus
Feeling of trust in someone or something
being a responsible student. Self-confidence affects interest, enthusiasm, and self-regulation. Self-confidence is important for accomplishing goals and
Confidence
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
A Tree
Male
Yiddish
(סֶעף) Variant spelling of Yiddish Zeff, SEFF means "wolf."
Boy/Male
Welsh
peace'.
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : from the Middle English personal name Saulf, Old English Sǣwulf, composed of the elements sǣ ‘sea’ + wulf ‘wolf’.
Female
Egyptian
, a form of Isis.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sword
Boy/Male
Biblical
A rock.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sword
Boy/Male
Indian
Sword
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Sword; Brave; Sword of Religion
Biblical
a rock
Male
English
(סֶלַע) Anglicized form of Hebrew Cela, SELA means "a rock." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the capital city of Edom, possibly an early name for Petra. In use as a unisex name.
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek SolomÅn, SELYF means "peaceable."Â
Girl/Female
African, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Saviour; Ewe of West Africa; Goddess of the Moon; Cliff; Rock
Boy/Male
British, English, Nigerian, Norwegian
Rock
Boy/Male
Hindi
Self.
Girl/Female
British, English
Soft
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English selle, a rough hut of the type normally occupied by animals, hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a hut like this. In many cases the name may have been in effect a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman.Americanized spelling of Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish Széll, a topographic name for someone who lived in a spot exposed to the wind, from Hungarian szél ‘wind’.German : variant of Selle.
Girl/Female
Hebrew Biblical
Rock.
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
Heel; He who Supplants
Girl/Female
Arabic
Fair
Male
Egyptian
, a title of the god Horus.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English
Way
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pramodan | பà¯à®°à®®à¯‹à®¤à®¨
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Celtic Irish
Charioteer.
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Frank.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bishwa Mohan | பிஷà¯à®µà®¾  மோஹநÂ
Lord Shri Krishna
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Earl.
Boy/Male
Indian
Sparkle of light, Fire
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
n.
Self-deceit.
a.
Self-repelling.
a.
Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.
n.
Faith in one's self; self-reliance.
n.
Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.
n.
Self.
n.
The act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.
n.
The act of governing one's self, or the state of being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self; self-command.
n.
Self-devotion.
a.
Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.
n.
The idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.
n.
Self-love.
n.
Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.
n.
The act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for others; self-devotion.
a.
Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing.
n.
Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Self-communion.
n.
Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit.
n.
The destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide.