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Proportion of salt dissolved in water
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured
Salinity
Drying-up of the Mediterranean Sea 5.96–5.33 million years ago
The Messinian salinity crisis (also referred to as the Messinian event, and in its latest stage as the Lago Mare event) was an event in which the Mediterranean
Messinian_salinity_crisis
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
surface salinity between 1950 and 2019 indicate that regions of high salinity and evaporation have become more saline while regions of low salinity and more
Ocean
Salt content in the soil
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization (also called salination in American
Soil_salinity
Water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts
sodium chloride). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine
Saline_water
Diagrams used to identify water masses
temperature (on the vertical axis) is plotted versus salinity (on the horizontal axis). Temperature and salinity combine to determine the potential density of
Temperature–salinity_diagram
Water from a sea or an ocean
several salinity scales were used to approximate the absolute salinity of seawater. A popular scale was the "Practical Salinity Scale" where salinity was
Seawater
Sustainable energy from sea and river water
within their article "Recent Development in Salinity Gradient Power", there is basically no fuel cost. Salinity gradient energy is based on using the resources
Osmotic_power
This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.05%, at or below which water
List of bodies of water by salinity
List_of_bodies_of_water_by_salinity
Salt water for medical purposes
Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water. It has several uses in medicine including cleaning wounds, removal
Saline_(medicine)
Natural process for soil
Dryland salinity is the increase in an environment, watercourse or soil's concentration of salt beyond its normal levels. Dryland salinity is a natural
Dryland_salinity
Topics referred to by the same term
(disambiguation) Salinity Salin (disambiguation) Salina (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Saline. If an internal
Saline
Adaptation of living organisms to conditions of high salinity
of changing and high salinity; osmotic stress and ionic stress is put on cells in high salinity. An environment of high salinity leads to loss of water
Halotolerance
Water with salinity between freshwater and seawater
of salinity regimes and is not considered a precisely defined condition. It is characteristic of many brackish surface waters that their salinity can
Brackish_water
Topics referred to by the same term
Salinization is the process of increasing: Soil salinity Salinity of bodies of water Freshwater salinization -- increases in water salinity due to water
Salinization
Concentrated solution of salt in water
are mainly characterized by presenting a salinity concentration that can, in the worst case, double the salinity of the seawater used, and unlike of thermal
Brine
Soil salinity and dryland salinity are two problems degrading the environment of Australia. Salinity is a concern in most states, but especially in the
Salinity_in_Australia
Landlocked body of water that contains concentrations of salts greater than the sea
in salinity. At its lowest recorded water levels, it approaches 7.7 times the salinity of ocean water, but when its levels are high, its salinity drops
Hypersaline_lake
Large body of salt water
salty. Salinity is usually measured in parts per thousand (‰ or per mil), and the open ocean has about 35 grams (1.2 oz) solids per litre, a salinity of 35 ‰
Sea
Salty runoff contaminating freshwater ecosystems
freshwater ecosystems: 230 mg/L Cl− for average salinity levels and 860 mg/L Cl− for acute inputs. Salinity plays a major role in a freshwater organism's
Freshwater_salinization
Sea between Africa, Asia, and Europe
eastern half, causing the water level to decrease and salinity to increase eastward. The average salinity in the basin is 38 PSU at 5 m (16 ft) depth. The
Mediterranean_Sea
Topics referred to by the same term
Saline County is the name of several counties in the United States: Saline County, Arkansas Saline County, Illinois Saline County, Kansas Saline County
Saline_County
reduce yields and restrict growth. Salinity Soil salinity Soil salination Brackish water Spring (hydrosphere) "Dryland Saline Seeps: Types and Causes". Alberta
Saline_seep
Topics referred to by the same term
Herzegovina Antonio Salines (1936–2021), Italian actor and director Plural of Saline (disambiguation) All pages with titles containing Salines This disambiguation
Salines
Landlocked body of water which has a high concentration of salts
water within the lakes, specifically its salinity, pH, and the dominant ions present. Subsaline lakes have a salinity lower than that of seawater but higher
Salt_lake
Significant disturbance caused by a major pulse of freshwater input to the Nordic Seas
the term "Great Salinity Anomaly" has been applied to successive occurrences of the same phenomenon, including the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1980s
Great_Salinity_Anomaly
Salt-tolerant plant
soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps
Halophyte
Oceanic division
river inflow and sea ice melting influence surface salinity values. Although the lowest salinity values are just north of the equator (because of heavy
Atlantic_Ocean
Controlling the problem of soil salinity
Soil salinity control refers to controlling the process and progress of soil salinity to prevent soil degradation by salination and reclamation of already
Soil_salinity_control
ESA earth observation satellite
regions. Ocean salinity is crucial to the understanding of the role of the ocean in climate through the global water cycle. Salinity in combination with
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity
Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity
National Laboratory for research on salt-affected soil
cotton are tolerant crops that can often be grown where salinity is a problem. The Salinity Laboratory keeps data bases of salt tolerance of crops divided
U.S._Salinity_Laboratory
Removal of salts from water
heat this cycle transfers salt ions from the bulk of low salinity to a bulk of high salinity. Similarly to the Carnot cycle this cycle is fully reversible
Desalination
Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
marsh zone, there is much less tidal inflow, resulting in lower salinity levels. Soil salinity in the lower marsh zone is fairly constant due to everyday annual
Salt_marsh
global salinity patterns are amplifying in this period. This means that the high saline regions have become more saline, and regions of low salinity have
Effects of climate change on the water cycle
Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_water_cycle
soil salinity or the salinity of the irrigation water. Salt tolerance is of importance in irrigated lands in (semi)arid regions where the soil salinity problem
Salt_tolerance_of_crops
A saline flush is the method of clearing intravenous lines (IVs), central lines or arterial lines of any medicine or other perishable liquids to keep the
Saline_flush
Naturally occurring water with low amounts of dissolved salts
per million (ppm) of dissolved salts. Other sources give higher upper salinity limits for fresh water, e.g. 1,000 ppm or 3,000 ppm. Fresh water habitats
Fresh_water
Measurements of surface salinity made by remote sensing satellites
Satellite surface salinity refers to measurements of surface salinity made by remote sensing satellites. The radiative properties of the ocean surface
Satellite_surface_salinity
and Salinity Profile Programme (GTSPP) is a cooperative international project that seeks to develop and maintain a global ocean Temperature-Salinity resource
Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program
Global_Temperature-Salinity_Profile_Program
Salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history
salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history. From Bjerrum plots, it is found that a decrease in the salinity of
Paleosalinity
Salinity modelling software
be a major constraint to design appropriate soil salinity control measures when a certain salinity level, predicted by Saltmod to occur after 20 years
SaltMod
Stratification of a body of water due to salinity differences
A halocline (or salinity chemocline), from the Greek words hals (salt) and klinein (to slope), refers to a layer within a body of water (water column)
Halocline
NASA instrument aboard the Argentine SAC-D spacecraft
variations in salinity and creating global ocean salinity distribution maps. Data from the instrument will be able to show changes in the ocean's salinity on monthly
Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)
Oceanographic term for variations in salinity and potential temperature
offset by a change in salinity to maintain unchanged density. An increase in temperature decreases density, but an increase in salinity increases density
Spice_(oceanography)
Part of large-scale ocean circulation
water due to salinity, and can be below −2 °C, depending on salinity and pressure. These density differences caused by temperature and salinity ultimately
Thermohaline_circulation
Francisco Estuary. The LSZ centers around 2 psu (practical salinity units, a measurement of salinity) and ranges from about 6 psu down to 0.5 psu. The primary
Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary
Ecology_of_the_San_Francisco_Estuary
Lake in North Dakota, United States
organisms), with decreased salinity due to dilution. Because Devils Lake is endorheic, the lake tends to be much higher in salinity than the lakes with outlets
Devils_Lake_(North_Dakota)
First epoch of the Neogene Period
almost completely evaporate. This event is referred to as the "Messinian salinity crisis". Then, at the Miocene–Pliocene boundary, the Strait of Gibraltar
Miocene
Body of water with common formation history
is why glaciers float. This also in turn causes the salinity of the water to decrease. The salinity of the water makes water freeze at lower temperatures
Water_mass
is the salinity variant of the thermal expansion coefficient α, where the density changes due to a change in temperature instead of salinity. With these
Haline contraction coefficient
Haline_contraction_coefficient
Salt lake in the Levant
19th century had a salinity of 19%. By the year 1926, the salinity had increased (although it was also suspected that the salinity varies seasonally and
Dead_Sea
Shrub growing in brackish water
water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 9% salinity). Beginning in 2010, remote sensing technologies and
Mangrove
Lake in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
sea levels, salinity levels became too high for the 20 native fish species to survive. The only fish that could survive the high-salinity levels was the
Aral_Sea
Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water
the concentration of dissolved oxygen, salinity and sediment load. There is extreme spatial variability in salinity, with a range of near-zero at the tidal
Estuary
Closed drainage basin that has no outflow
developing countries have contracted dramatically, resulting in increased salinity, higher concentrations of pollutants, and the disruption of ecosystems
Endorheic_basin
City in the United States
Saline (/səˈliːn/ sə-LEEN) is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 8,948 at the 2020 census. The city borders Saline
Saline,_Michigan
Term describing organisms that cannot tolerate a wide range of salinities
environments of high salinity such as the ocean. Many marine fish, such as haddock, are also stenohaline and die in water with lower salinity. Alternatively
Stenohaline
Layering of ocean water due to density differences
density will decrease. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved solids, which consist mainly of salt. Increasing the salinity will increase the density
Ocean_stratification
Theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs
Mediterranean Sea 5.33 million years ago. This flooding ended the Messinian salinity crisis and reconnected the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean, although
Zanclean_flood
Lake in northeastern Kyrgyzstan
river flowing along the range. The lake water's salinity is approx. 0.6% – compared to 3.5% salinity of typical seawater – and, although the lake level
Issyk-Kul
Preservation of soil nutrients
third of the earth's arable land. Soil salinity adversely affects crop metabolism and erosion usually follows. Salinity occurs on drylands from overirrigation
Soil_conservation
US estuary connected to the Gulf of Mexico
1900 salinity was below 25 ppt, and below 18 ppt at times. From about 1900 to about 1910 salinity rose above 25 ppt. From 1910 to 1940, salinity was between
Florida_Bay
Chemical compound with formula NaCl
measurements are done by means of a Bresle test. Salinization (increasing salinity, aka freshwater salinization syndrome) and subsequent increased metal leaching
Sodium_chloride
Buffer solution commonly used in biological research
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium
Phosphate-buffered_saline
Sea in northern Europe
North Sea. Due to the difference in salinity, by salinity permeation principle, a sub-surface layer of more saline water moving in the opposite direction
Baltic_Sea
Airport in St. George's, Grenada
International Airport (IATA: GND, ICAO: TGPY), formerly known as Point Salines Airport, is an international airport located in the parish of St. George
Maurice Bishop International Airport
Maurice_Bishop_International_Airport
Shallow water-filled depression in the northwestern corner of Turkmenistan
into Turkmen as "Garabogazköl aýlagy," which is also used nowadays. The salinity of the lagoon is on average about 35%, compared to 1.2% in the Caspian
Garabogazköl
Lake in Eurasia
the highly saline lagoon of Garabogazköl to its east), an area similar to Japan, with a volume of 78,200 km3 (19,000 cu mi). It has a salinity of approximately
Caspian_Sea
Australian program for funding environmental programs
BY 4.0) licence. "National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality". National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality. Australian Government. Archived
Natural_Heritage_Trust
Topics referred to by the same term
Grande Saline may refer to: Grande Saline, Haiti Grande Saline, Saint Barthélemy Grand Saline, Texas This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct
Grande_Saline
Quality in crops
conditions of high salinity Sodium in biology – Use of sodium by organisms Soil salinity – Salt content in the soil Soil salinity control – Controlling
Crop_tolerance_to_seawater
Organisms capable of living in extreme environments
environments, such as extreme temperature (hot or cold), pressure, radiation, salinity, or pH level. Extremophiles are mainly species of microorganisms – bacteria
Extremophile
Solar thermal energy
naturally forms a vertical salinity gradient also known as a "halocline", in which low-salinity water floats on top of high-salinity water. The layers of salt
Solar_pond
Device designed to measure the salinity of a solution
salinometer is a device designed to measure the salinity, or dissolved salt content, of a solution. Since the salinity affects both the electrical conductivity
Salinometer
Agents that relax and loosen the bowels and stools
work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations
Laxative
Layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths
there may be an abrupt salinity change called a halocline that occurs as well. The combined influence of temperature and salinity changes results in an
Mixed_layer
Shallow artificial pond designed to extract salts from sea water or other brines,
color indicates the salinity of the ponds. Microorganisms change their hues as the salinity of the pond increases. In low- to mid-salinity ponds, green algae
Salt_evaporation_pond
Shallow saline lake in California, United States
Sea had a salinity of about 70 grams per liter as of 2019. The 2025 annual report from the Salton Sea Management Program stated that salinity "ranged from
Salton_Sea
Oceanographic Phenomenon
and salinity of the mixed layers decrease with pressure (and therefore with depth), and diffusive staircases, where both temperature and salinity of the
Thermohaline_staircase
Accumulation of brine in a seafloor depression
harnessing the salinity of brine pools to use as a power source. This would be done using an osmotic engine which draws the high-salinity top water through
Brine_pool
Shallow salt lake in Antarctica
flat-bottom, hyper-saline pond. It has the second-highest total dissolved solids on record, 30% greater salinity than the Dead Sea. Salinity varies over time
Don_Juan_Pond
Land & irrigation
salinity requiring watertable control by some form of subsurface land drainage. However, if the soil is under-irrigated, it gives poor soil salinity control
Environmental impact of irrigation
Environmental_impact_of_irrigation
Saltwater lake that is part of the Suez Canal in Egypt
name for the Bitter Lakes region was km-wr, lit. "great black one". The salinity of the lake varies along its depth and is highest at the bottom where the
Great_Bitter_Lake
and fauna of regions of coastal Bangladesh, increased salinity could also affect the soil salinity, and therefore the agriculture output of the regions
Environmental issues in Bangladesh
Environmental_issues_in_Bangladesh
Computer models of groundwater flow systems
parameters. The model may have chemical components like water salinity, soil salinity and other quality indicators of water and soil, for which inputs
Groundwater_model
Agricultural research center in Haryana, India
The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) is an autonomous institute of higher learning, established under the umbrella of Indian Council of
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
Central_Soil_Salinity_Research_Institute
Dam in Pangsha Upazila, Rajbari District
the Sundarbans began to deteriorate. And there was a massive increase in salinity in the southwestern region of the country. In view of which, the then Pakistani
Padma_Barrage
Medication administered into a vein
considered a colloid. The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is isotonic
Intravenous_therapy
Earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene era
Strait of Gibraltar to deluge the Mediterranean Basin and end the Messinian salinity crisis, a period about 5.96 Ma ago in the Messinian Age of the Miocene
Zanclean
Salt lake in Iran
increased the salinity of the lake's water, reducing its viability as home to thousands of migratory birds, including flamingo populations. The salinity has particularly
Lake_Urmia
Marsh with brackish level of salinity
in salinity, brackish marshes create a distinctive ecosystem where plants from either freshwater or saltwater marshes can co-inhabit. The salinity levels
Brackish_marsh
Term describing organisms able to adapt to a wide range of salinities
Mayan cichlid Crevalle jacks The level of salinity in intertidal zones can also be quite variable. Low salinities can be caused by rainwater or river inputs
Euryhaline
Eurasian sea northeast of the Mediterranean
leaves the Black Sea with a salinity of 17 practical salinity units (PSU) and reaches the Mediterranean with a salinity of 34 PSU. Likewise, an inflow
Black_Sea
from their cells after exposure to high salinity. Part of Arabidopsis’ range might have included high salinity soil and the plant started adapting to that
Arabidopsis thaliana responses to salinity
Arabidopsis_thaliana_responses_to_salinity
Farming of aquatic life using inland sources of saline groundwater
temperatures, tolerant in a large range of salinity levels Macquarie perch - wide tolerance over range of salinity and water quality levels, not suitable
Inland_saline_aquaculture
Inland sea in eastern Europe
result, the salinity of the Sea of Azov is low; in the open sea it is 10–12 on the Practical Salinity Scale (PSS), about one third of the salinity of the oceans;
Sea_of_Azov
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
level to decrease and salinity to increase in this area. The resulting pressure gradient pushes relatively cool, low-salinity water from the Atlantic
Deep-sea_community
Human settlement in Montebello Ionico, Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Saline Joniche is a town in Calabria, administratively part of the municipality of Montebello Jonico, with approximately 2,460 inhabitants. It lies in
Saline_Joniche
Village in Louisiana, United States
Saline is a village in southeastern Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Saline had a population of 265. Saline is pronounced
Saline,_Louisiana
Comune in Apulia, Italy
in honour of Queen Margherita of Savoy, previously it had been known as Saline di Barletta. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre
Margherita_di_Savoia,_Apulia
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
Girl/Female
Muslim
Melody
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Tom, a short form of the personal name Thomas.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Africa, AFRIKAH means "land of the Afri."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dolanath | தோலாநாதÂ
Female
English
 Pet form of English Nancy, NANA means "favor; grace." Compare with other forms of Nana.
Boy/Male
English
Unfriendly.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Lord of People
Female
English
Variant spelling of Latin Britannia, BRITTANIA means "Britain."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Peace; God of Mountain; Himalaya; One who Holds Mountain; King of Mountains
Female
Native American
 Native American Navajo name KAI means "willow tree." Compare with other forms of Kai.
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
n.
Salineness.