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Computer security attack
A "return-to-libc" attack is a computer security attack usually starting with a buffer overflow in which a subroutine return address on a call stack is
Return-to-libc_attack
Anomaly in computer security and programming
generally protect against return-to-libc attacks, or any other attack that does not rely on the execution of the attackers code. However, on 64-bit systems
Buffer_overflow
Russian computer security specialist (born 1977)
for his publications on exploitation techniques, including the return-to-libc attack and the first generic heap-based buffer overflow exploitation technique
Solar_Designer
State of being protected from memory access bugs
quickly thereafter, escalating with multitudes of new attacks such as the return-to-libc attack and defense techniques such as the non-executable stack
Memory_safety
Type of software bug
computer viruses, causing serious computer security issues (e.g. return-to-libc attack, stack-smashing protection) in widely used programs. In some cases
Memory_corruption
Data structure used in computer programs
but similar attacks can succeed even with W^X protection enabled, including the return-to-libc attack or the attacks coming from return-oriented programming
Call_stack
Computer security exploit technique
libraries, such as libc, often contain subroutines for performing system calls and other functionality potentially useful to an attacker, they are the most
Return-oriented_programming
Computer security technique
security attacks by making it more difficult for an attacker to predict target addresses. For example, attackers trying to execute return-to-libc attacks must
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Using existing code in new software
redirect the control flow to code sequences existing in memory. Examples of code-reuse attacks are return-to-libc attack, return-oriented programming, and
Code_reuse
GNU implementation of the standard C library
last-used version of Linux libc used the internal name (soname) libc.so.5. Following on from this, glibc 2.x on Linux uses the soname libc.so.6[better source needed]
Glibc
Standard library for the C programming language
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. Starting
C_standard_library
Machine instruction code that executes properly regardless of where in memory it resides
during a security attack using exploits that rely on knowing the offset of the executable code in the binary, such as return-to-libc attacks. (The official
Position-independent_code
Instructions directly executable by a computer
programming as alternative to code injection for exploits such as return-to-libc attacks. In some computers, the machine code of the architecture is implemented
Machine_code
2003 book by Jon "Smibbs" Erickson
countermeasures such as a non-executable stack and how to evade them with return-to-libc attacks, he does not dive into deeper matters without known guaranteed
Hacking: The Art of Exploitation
Hacking:_The_Art_of_Exploitation
often libc is enough as it is the most common library used in return-to-libc attacks. By reading a shared library file such as libc, an attacker with local
Prelink
Concept in computer security
(ASLR), which allowed potential return-to-libc attacks that could have been feasibly used to disable DEP during an attack. The PaX documentation elaborates
Executable-space_protection
Differences and similarities between Windows Vista and Windows XP
that makes it considerably more difficult for malicious code to exploit Return-to-libc attacks than on previous versions of Windows, particularly on 64-bit
Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
Comparison_of_Windows_Vista_and_Windows_XP
Security and privacy features of the iOS operating system
of the memory to be marked as non-executable, working alongside ASLR to prevent buffer overflow attacks including return-to-libc attacks. As mentioned
Security_and_privacy_of_iOS
Software anomaly
the way of exploitation. Another attack is the so-called return to libc method for shellcode creation. In this attack the malicious payload will load the
Stack_buffer_overflow
Arbitrary code execution exploit
the return-oriented programming (ROP) technique: an attacker controlling the call stack, for example through a stack buffer overflow, is able to influence
Sigreturn-oriented programming
Sigreturn-oriented_programming
Password-based key derivation function
Track. Monterey, California: The USENIX Association. "CVS log for src/lib/libc/crypt/bcrypt.c". CVS Repository. OpenBSD. 23 March 2014. Revision 1.32 (first
Bcrypt
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
random(4) – OpenBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual deraadt, ed. (2014-07-21). "libc/crypt/arc4random.c". BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD src/lib/. Retrieved 2015-01-13
/dev/random
Computer function
"pyfasthash in Python". Retrieved 13 January 2012. "C implementation in qLibc by Seungyoung Kim". GitHub. "murmur3 in Go". GitHub. Landman, Davy. "Davy
MurmurHash
Unix-like operating system
executable-space protection. However, attacks which rely on running legitimately executable memory in a malicious way (return-to-libc, return-oriented programming) are
Minix_3
American computer security expert
Microsoft encryption and passwords, July 1997 Root Compromise through Solaris libc_getopt(3), Jan 1997 BSD distributions of modstat allow compromise of DES
Peiter_Zatko
Handling of strings in the C programming language
"root/src/multibyte/c16rtomb.c". Retrieved 31 January 2017. "Contents of /stable/11/lib/libc/locale/c16rtomb.c". Retrieved 31 January 2017. "atof - cppreference.com"
C_string_handling
Function with variable number of arguments
variadic functions in over 120 programming languages. Variable Argument Functions — A tutorial on Variable Argument Functions for C++ GNU libc manual
Variadic_function
Overview article
most remote execution attacks by preventing return-to-LIBC buffer overflow attacks. The Portable Executable format has been updated to support embedding of
Security and safety features new to Windows Vista
Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista
Mental phenomenon of holding contradictory beliefs
11820/fd429082-c209-4a46-abb8-097e2fd9d5ac. PMID 27207840. S2CID 13360236. 27207840. "LIBC Blog – Articles – Facing the facts: The cognitive dissonance behind smoking"
Cognitive_dissonance
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
unprivileged user space to privileged kernel space in ring 0. For this reason, the C standard library (libC) acts as a wrapper to most Linux system calls
Linux_kernel
Operating system for mobile devices
similar to a downgrade attack. Android (all supported versions, as far back as version 4.4 of the Android Open Source Project) has the option to provide
Android_(operating_system)
addition of Pocket Recommendations to users in the UK, the requirement of GNU libc 2.17, libstdc++ 4.8.1 and GTK+ 3.14 or newer versions on Linux, the disabling
Firefox_version_history
Security features as used in OpenBSD operating system
Ulrich (August 8, 2000). "Re: PATCH: safe string copy and concatenation". libc[email protected] (Mailing list). Retrieved May 26, 2016. Madhavapeddy
OpenBSD_security_features
Playing video games on Linux-based operating systems
third-party Linux libraries by developers on Linux kernel subsystem such as musl-libc of C standard library that targets the Linux syscall and POSIX APIs compatibility
Video_games_and_Linux
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Latin
Form of Lincoln; Lithe; From the Town by the Pool
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Return of Sound
Female
Hebrew
(לִיבָּ×) Variant form of Hebrew Libe, LIBA means "heart." Compare with another form of Liba.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the lake.
Female
Hebrew
(לִיבֶּע) Hebrew name derived from the word lev, LIBE means "heart." Compare with another form of Libe.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Place to which one returns
Boy/Male
Greek
Challenged Odysseus on his return to Ithaca.
Female
Yiddish
(לִיבֶּע) Yiddish form of German liebe, LIBE means "love." Compare with another form of Libe.
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of the priest Anhur-mes.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the lake.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Place to which One Returns
Girl/Female
Tamil
To be reborn greek
Female
Egyptian
, another form of Ratta or Ritho.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the lake.
Girl/Female
Indian
Return of Love
Female
Yiddish
(לִיבָּ×) Variant form of Yiddish Libe, LIBA means "love." Compare with another form of Liba.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Most beautiful (Hoor in Jannah)
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
To be Reborn; Greek
Girl/Female
Indian
Most beautiful (Hoor in Jannah)
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, French, Hebrew, Muslim
Most Beautiful One
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
Boy/Male
Hindu
Name of Lord Ganesh
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
A King of Mercia
Boy/Male
Muslim
The noble religion
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Respected; Esteemed
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Conláed, CONLEY means "purifying fire."
Biblical
exaltation of Jehovah,raised up or appointed by Jehovah,whom Jehovah has appointed
Girl/Female
Indian
A flower
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Indian
The holy, The divine, The pure, The purifier
Girl/Female
Australian, Japanese
Child of Mari
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
n.
A day in bank. See Return day, below.
v. i.
To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from notice.
n.
An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, etc.
n.
The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the return of health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary.
v. t.
To repay; as, to return borrowed money.
n.
That which is returned.
imp. & p. p.
of Return
v. t.
To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an election.
v. t.
To turn up; to direct upward; to throw up; as, to upturn the ground in plowing.
n.
An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.
v. i.
To return; to recur.
n.
An answer; as, a return to one's question.
v. t.
To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks.
v. t.
To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed book, or a hired horse.
n.
To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity.
v. t.
To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie.
v. t.
To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ.
v. t.
To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a club.
v. t.
To turn in a reserve way, especially so as to open something; as, to unturn a key.
n.
The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; as, the return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in tennis.