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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up refinement in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Refinement may refer to: Equilibrium refinement, the identification of actualized equilibria in
Refinement
The refinement calculus is a formalized approach to stepwise refinement for program construction. The required behaviour of the final executable program
Refinement_calculus
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
Rietveld refinement is a technique described by Hugo Rietveld for use in the characterisation of crystalline materials. The neutron and X-ray diffraction
Rietveld_refinement
topology and open covers of a topological space X, a star refinement is a particular kind of refinement of an open cover of X. The term has two similar but
Star_refinement
Types constrained by a predicate
type theory, a refinement type is a type endowed with a predicate which is assumed to hold for any element of the refined type. Refinement types can express
Refinement_type
Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing programs
Refinement_(computing)
Subsets whose union equals the whole set
omitting some of them; whereas a refinement is made from any sets that are subsets of the sets in the cover. The refinement relation on the set of covers
Cover_(topology)
In the design of algorithms, partition refinement is a technique for representing a partition of a set as a data structure that allows the partition to
Partition_refinement
Normative ethical theories
Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek ἀρετή [aretḗ]) is a philosophical approach that treats dispositional virtue and character as the primary
Virtue_ethics
2007 studio album by Stars of the Lid
And Their Refinement of the Decline is the seventh studio album by Stars of the Lid, released by Kranky in April 2007. The album was Kranky's 100th release
And Their Refinement of the Decline
And_Their_Refinement_of_the_Decline
Concept in numerical analysis
In numerical analysis, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a method of adapting the accuracy of a solution within certain sensitive or turbulent regions
Adaptive_mesh_refinement
Facility that processes crude oil
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline
Oil_refinery
Algorithms for mesh generation
In mesh generation, Delaunay refinements are algorithms for mesh generation based on the principle of adding Steiner points to the geometry of an input
Delaunay_refinement
Method to improve accuracy of numerical solutions to systems of linear equations
Iterative refinement is an iterative method proposed by James H. Wilkinson to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions to systems of linear equations
Iterative_refinement
Management framework
Alliance. "What is Backlog Refinement?". agilealliance.org. agilealliance.org. Retrieved January 10, 2025. Backlog refinement (formerly known as backlog
Scrum_(project_management)
Curved curface derived from a coarse polygon mesh
recursive in nature. The process starts with a base level polygonal mesh. A refinement scheme is then applied to this mesh. This process takes that mesh and
Subdivision_surface
Technique for symbolic model checking and logic calculi
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) is a technique for symbolic model checking. It is also applied in modal logic tableau calculi algorithms
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement
Counterexample-guided_abstraction_refinement
Strategies for composition and decomposition
leadership. A top-down approach (also known as stepwise design and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the
Bottom-up and top-down approaches
Bottom-up_and_top-down_approaches
Technique used in dynamic level of detail
Progressive meshes is one of the techniques of dynamic level of detail (LOD). This technique was introduced by Hugues Hoppe in 1996. This method uses saving
Progressive_meshes
Concept in abstract algebra
In mathematics, a refinement monoid is a commutative monoid M such that for any elements a0, a1, b0, b1 of M such that a0+a1=b0+b1, there are elements
Refinement_monoid
American adult animated series
to slaughter its people as in Tunis. 17 5 "A Seat of Civilisation and Refinement" Sam Deats Warren Ellis March 5, 2020 (2020-03-05) While reflecting upon
Castlevania_(TV_series)
American actress (born 1949)
someone else's – with a certain flat quality, as if later education and refinement came after a somewhat unsophisticated childhood. Streep entered the 2000s
Meryl_Streep
Topologically invariant definition of the dimension of a space
dimension is the smallest number n such that for every cover, there is a refinement in which every point in X lies in the intersection of no more than n + 1
Lebesgue_covering_dimension
Country in East Asia
literary emphasis of the exams affected the general perception of cultural refinement in China, promoting calligraphy, poetry and painting. With the rise of
China
In category theory and related fields of mathematics, a refinement is a construction that generalizes the operations of "interior enrichment", like bornologification
Refinement_(category_theory)
British organization
The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs, pronounced as "N C 3 Rs") is a British organization with
National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
National_Centre_for_the_Replacement,_Refinement_and_Reduction_of_Animals_in_Research
Algebraic structure of set algebra
In mathematical analysis and in probability theory, a σ-algebra ("sigma algebra") is part of the formalism for defining sets that can be measured. In calculus
Σ-algebra
Statement in group theory
Schreier refinement theorem of group theory states that any two subnormal series of subgroups of a given group have equivalent refinements, where two
Schreier_refinement_theorem
Topics referred to by the same term
Failures-divergence refinement may refer to: The mathematical relation of refinement in the failures/divergences model of communicating sequential processes
Failures-Divergence Refinement
Failures-Divergence_Refinement
Method of strengthening materials by changing grain size
angular pressing (ECAP) or high-pressure torsion (HPT), can lead to grain refinement and the creation of new grain boundaries with tailored characteristics
Grain_boundary_strengthening
American singer and songwriter (born 1981)
songs" and that her musical compositions make up for a lack of lyrical refinement. Gregory Stephen Tate of The Village Voice compared Keys's writing and
Alicia_Keys
1758 book by David Hume
Essay XIX, OF POLYGAMY AND DIVORCES Part I, Essay XX, OF SIMPLICITY AND REFINEMENT IN WRITING Part I, Essay XXI, OF NATIONAL CHARACTERS Part I, Essay XXII
Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary
Essays,_Moral,_Political,_and_Literary
English musician and songwriter (born 1942)
Beatles." Critics described Rubber Soul as a significant advance in the refinement and profundity of the band's music and lyrics. Considered a high point
Paul_McCartney
Mathematical concept
way to understand an ε-quadratic form is to think of it as a quadratic refinement of its associated ε-symmetric form. For instance, in defining a Clifford
Ε-quadratic_form
The Disordered Structure Refinement program (DSR), written by Daniel Kratzert, is designed to simplify the modeling of molecular disorder in crystal structures
Disordered Structure Refinement
Disordered_Structure_Refinement
Formal rule for predicting how a game will be played
puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented
Solution_concept
Topological concept
A collection of subsets of a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is said to be locally finite if each point in the space has a neighbourhood that intersects
Locally_finite_collection
Topological space with a point-finite open refinement for every cover
cover has a point-finite open refinement. That is, given any open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement that is again an open cover with
Metacompact_space
Electronic game with user interface and visual feedback
remains challenged to distinguish between creating new games based on refinements of past successful games to create a new type of gameplay, and intentionally
Video_game
FDR (Failures-Divergences Refinement) and subsequently FDR2, FDR3 and FDR4 are refinement checking software tools, designed to check formal models expressed
FDR_(software)
and infinite descending chains. A subset of this lattice is known as a refinement graph. θ-subsumption was first introduced by J. Alan Robinson in 1965
Theta-subsumption
Heuristic test for graph isomorphism
isomorphism between two graphs G and H. It is a generalization of the color refinement algorithm and has been first described by Weisfeiler and Leman in 1968
Weisfeiler Leman graph isomorphism test
Weisfeiler_Leman_graph_isomorphism_test
Dutch programmer and crystallographer
himself on the full profile refinement method in powder diffraction, which became later known as the Rietveld refinement method. The method was developed
Hugo_Rietveld
The Minkowski Portal Refinement collision detection algorithm is a technique for determining whether two convex shapes overlap. The algorithm was created
Minkowski_Portal_Refinement
Method of software development
Compared to the Z notation, B is slightly more low-level and more focused on refinement to code rather than just formal specification — hence it is easier to
B-Method
British virtual band
studio album, Cracker Island (2023), met generally positive reviews as a refinement of their usual style. The band's ninth studio album, The Mountain (2026)
Gorillaz
In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the colour refinement algorithm also known as the naive vertex classification, or the 1-dimensional version
Colour_refinement_algorithm
Signal processing technique
progress on this problem involves using an iteratively directional TV refinement for CS reconstruction. This method would have 2 stages: the first stage
Compressed_sensing
Family of Unix-like operating systems
hardware standards and data formats requires continuous architectural refinement to maintain compatibility across different device classes. Development
Linux
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
historians, these by no means signify simply a reaction against over-refinement and reversion to a misconceived natural life. [...] This is an illusion
Karl_Marx
American grading system for rock climbs
by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North
Yosemite_Decimal_System
Clustering and community detection algorithm
resolution limit of modularity), the Leiden algorithm employs an intermediate refinement phase in which communities may be split to guarantee that all communities
Leiden_algorithm
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
maps are used to complete the structure. The final step is a numerical refinement of the atomic positions against the experimental data, sometimes assisted
X-ray_crystallography
Mathematical ways to group elements of a set
representative element from every equivalence class. A partition α of a set X is a refinement of a partition ρ of X—and we say that α is finer than ρ and that ρ is
Partition_of_a_set
1526–1857 empire in South Asia
introduction of Turkish baths into the Indian subcontinent. The evolution and refinement of Mughal and Indian architecture, and, in turn, the development of later
Mughal_Empire
American television series (2022–present)
professor and a severed worker for Lumon Industries in the Macrodata Refinement (MDR) department. Zach Cherry as Dylan G./Dylan George, Mark's severed
Severance_(TV_series)
Molecular dynamics software package
Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) is the name of a widely used molecular dynamics software package originally developed by Peter Kollman's
AMBER
Word derived from sophistry
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sophistication refers to the qualities of refinement, good taste, and wisdom. By contrast, its original use was as a pejorative
Sophistication
Brief of the 17 SDGs
held in March 2017. The official indicator list below includes all the refinements made as of March 2020[update]. The lists of 169 targets and indicators
List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators
List_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators
Increasing sequence of numbers that span an interval
partition x. Another partition Q of the given interval [a, b] is defined as a refinement of the partition P, if Q contains all the points of P and possibly some
Partition_of_an_interval
Object oriented software development process framework
development process framework. The best-known and extensively documented refinement of the unified process is the rational unified process (RUP). Other examples
Unified_process
Mortar
army during the Second World War. Designed by Edgar Brandt, it was a refinement of the Stokes mortar. The Brandt mortar was highly influential, being
Brandt_Mle_27/31
Ophthalmic instrument
either positions cylindrical lens should be tried to correct astigmatism. Refinement of axis of cylindrical lens in astigmatism correction is done by placing
Jackson_cross_cylinder
Turco-Mongolian aristocratic tribal confederation clan
003.0006. Rührdanz, Karin (2016). "8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting". The Mongols' Middle East. Brill. pp
Barlas
Type of polygon mesh in computer graphics
was based on generalized bi-cubic uniform B-splines. The subdivision refinement algorithm was developed in 1978 by Daniel Doo and Malcolm Sabin. The Doo-Sabin
Doo–Sabin_subdivision_surface
Form of song
being supplanted by new forms of polyphony, the earlier melo-rhythmic refinements of monophonic chant seem to have fallen into disuse. Later redactions
Gregorian_chant
Topological space which is a generalization of certain compact spaces
paracompact space is a topological space in which every open cover has an open refinement that is locally finite. These spaces were introduced by Dieudonné (1944)
Paracompact_space
Tabletop role-playing game
how the ideas of the Refinement can be used. The simple Refinements are: Aurum, the Refinement of Gold, or Mortality. The Refinement of Aurum requires the
Promethean:_The_Created
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
tissues can be examined in health and disease, enabling considerable refinement of medical diagnosis and prognosis. In plant anatomy, tissues are categorized
Tissue_(biology)
Family of problems in computational geometry
existed at some point in the refinement, and directed edges connect each trapezoid that is no longer in the refinement to the trapezoids that replaced
Point_location
Scientific software research institute
Borkowski, Michael H.; Vazou, Niki; Jhala, Ranjit (2024-01-05). "Mechanizing Refinement Types". Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 8: 2099–2128
IMDEA_Software_Institute
language Haskell which allows specifying correctness properties by using refinement types. Properties are verified using a satisfiability modulo theories
Liquid_Haskell
Home video game console by Sony
control adjustments, system performance and stability improvements, and refinements to messages and overall usability on certain system screens. On September
PlayStation_5
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
peculiar consequence of this system of definitions is that any future refinement in our ability to measure c will not change the speed of light (which
Speed_of_light
Topics referred to by the same term
sets), an operation combining two simplicial sets Join (sigma algebra), a refinement of sigma algebras Join (algebraic geometry), a union of lines between
Join
Data type for values having two types
not necessarily composite. A restricted form of intersection types are refinement types. Intersection types are useful for describing overloaded functions
Intersection_type
Self-propelled underwater weapon
engagements between armored warships with large-caliber guns, the invention and refinement of torpedoes from the 1860s onwards allowed small torpedo boats and other
Torpedo
Solution concept for non-cooperative games
stronger criteria than other refinements, and thereby ensures that more desirable properties are satisfied. Refinements have often been motivated by arguments
Mertens-stable_equilibrium
20th-century architectural and art style
uncouth and unthinking industrial Frankenstein monster into a place of refinement." The Fisher Building in Detroit, Michigan, by Joseph Nathaniel French
Art_Deco
Sub-area of scientific computing for solving General Relativity equations
mesh refinement (AMR) as a numerical method has roots that go well beyond its first application in the field of numerical relativity. Mesh refinement first
Numerical_relativity
2018 film by Peter Farrelly
and Don clash as Tony feels uncomfortable being asked to act with more refinement, while haughty Don is displeased by Tony's uncouth habits. As the tour
Green_Book_(film)
Oil consumed by humans, of vegetable or animal origin
oil extraction and refinement are separate processes. Extraction first removes the oil, typically from a seed, nut or fruit. Refinement then alters the appearance
Cooking_oil
American ambient music duo
six years later, the duo released their second double album, And Their Refinement of the Decline, in April 2007 to widespread critical acclaim. In December
Stars_of_the_Lid
Type of therapy to improve mental health
Coping cards Demonstration Practice Skill refinement Relapse prevention Skill generalization Skill refinement Cognitive emotional behavioral therapy (CEBT)
Cognitive_behavioral_therapy
Degree of difficulty of a climbing route
"a", "b", and "c" symbols for refinement between the numbers (unlike the French grades, it does not use the "+" refinement, and simply goes: 4a, 4b, 4c
Grade_(climbing)
2001 studio album by Stars of the Lid
issued new vinyl presses of the album and their following album, And Their Refinement of the Decline (2007) for CAD$52, as both were out of print. Around the
The_Tired_Sounds_Of
Social class-based varieties of English
security of their social position, they had no need to seek to display refinement. By the late 20th century the usefulness of these specific terms as signals
U_and_non-U_English
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
distaff for spinning wool, tripling production. A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures
Middle_Ages
Computer science field
used for verification when two descriptions are not equivalent. During refinement, the specification is complemented with details that are unnecessary in
Model_checking
Topological space with an interior-preserving refinement for every open cover
has an interior-preserving open refinement. That is, given an open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement that is also an open cover, with
Orthocompact_space
British fascist politician (1896–1980)
great personal charm with solid qualities of character, aristocratic refinement with democratic opinions." — Beatrice Webb, 8 June 1923 By now Mosley
Oswald_Mosley
Topological space of dimension zero
space has a refinement that is a finite open cover such that any point in the space is contained in exactly one open set of this refinement. A topological
Zero-dimensional_space
developed a distinct philosophy of Aesthetics, which emphasised Beauty and Refinement as governing principles, not only for Art but for our actions, and stressed
Teachings_of_the_Báb
from a given decision model. Refinement is the fourth and most critical stage in using formal decision methods. The refinement stage responds to the insights
Decision_model
Discrepancy of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood
planet discovered within a star's habitable zone was found in 2007. New refinements in exoplanet detection methods, and use of existing methods from space
Fermi_paradox
Social-cultural system
physically observed evidence. All scientific knowledge is subject to later refinement, or even rejection, in the face of additional evidence. Scientific theories
Religion
English writer and journalist (1812–1870)
Dickens's biographer Simon Callow's estimation, the public display was "a new refinement added to his misery". A few months after his imprisonment, John Dickens's
Charles_Dickens
Software for sequence alignment
presented more technical details. MUSCLE up to version 3 uses a progressive-refinement method. Since version 5 it uses a hidden Markov model similar to ProbCons
MUSCLE_(alignment_software)
Law in the United States
Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (also called the Balanced Budget Refinement Act or BBRA) is a federal law of the United
Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999
Medicare,_Medicaid,_and_SCHIP_Balanced_Budget_Refinement_Act_of_1999
Validates computer program operations
of the object. Typestates are capable of representing behavioral type refinements such as "method A must be invoked before method B is invoked, and method
Typestate_analysis
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
Girl/Female
Muslim
Purity, Refinement, Clarity
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Purity; Refinement
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Purity; Refinement; Clarity
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Refinement
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Refinement
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Notre-Dame-de-Courson in Calvados, France, which was named with the Romano-Gallic personal name Curtius (from curtus ‘short’) + the locative suffix -o, genitive -onis. There is also a place called Curzon in Vendée, but this is not the source of the English surname.
Girl/Female
Welsh
Chosen.
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Talia, TAHLIA means "dew."
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
A Cluster of Blossoms
Girl/Female
Hindu
Creator, One who created the world, Creation
Male
Japanese
(隆行) Japanese name TAKAYUKI means "moving to heights."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Special
Boy/Male
Christian, Gaelic, Greek, Hindu, Indian
Poet; Bard; Gaelic Poet; Philospher
Girl/Female
Indian
Sun
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Highest Elixir
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
a.
Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires.
n.
Excessive refinement.
v.
Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite literature.
n.
The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
n.
The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.
n.
Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of manners, or language.
n.
Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish.
n.
Refinement; delicacy.
n.
Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.
n.
A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement.
superl.
Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse.
n.
The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.
a.
Hence, lacking cultivation or refinement; rustic; boorish; also, offensive to good taste or refined feelings; low; coarse; mean; base; as, vulgar men, minds, language, or manners.
n.
Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.
n.
A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests.
n.
Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.
n.
The quality or state of being urbane; civility or courtesy of manners; politeness; refinement.
superl.
Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.
n.
Grossness or clownishness of manners of language; absence of refinement; coarseness.
n.
That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.