Search references for REFEREE BOXING. Phrases containing REFEREE BOXING
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Individual enforcing rules in a boxing match
The referee in boxing is the individual charged with enforcing the rules of that sport during a match. The referee has the following roles: Gives instructions
Referee_(boxing)
Combat sport and martial art
introduction of the Marquess of Queensberry Rules in 1867. Boxing is overseen by a referee and consists of a series of 1 - 3 minute intervals called "rounds"
Boxing
American boxing referee (1936–1983)
American professional boxing referee. He officiated several major bouts, such as Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali in 1980. He was the referee for the lightweight
Richard_Green_(referee)
Type of boxing
over several days, unlike professional boxing, where fighters typically rest several months between bouts. A referee monitors the fight to ensure that competitors
Amateur_boxing
American boxing referee
(born January 26, 1944) is an American retired boxing referee who was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. A former member of the United
Richard_Steele_(referee)
Type of fight ending in boxing
between rounds. This results in the referee stopping the fight, and it is officially recorded as "RTD" (Retired) in boxing records, including those maintained
Corner_retirement
Full contact combat sport
produced a system of scoring that enabled the referee to decide the result of a fight. The British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) was first formed in
Professional_boxing
Fight-ending, winning criterion in certain full-contact combat sports
in amateur boxing, a boxer automatically wins by TKO if his opponent is knocked down four times in an entire match. In MMA bouts, the referee may declare
Knockout
Boxing without the use of boxing gloves
weight divisions or round limits and no referee, resulting in very chaotic fights. An early account of boxing was published in Nottingham in 1713 by Sir
Bare-knuckle_boxing
Authority figure in professional wrestling
such as boxing or mixed martial arts, that is, as an arbiter of the rules and the person charged with rendering decisions. In reality, the referee is, like
Referee (professional wrestling)
Referee_(professional_wrestling)
Official in a variety of sports
and therefore they are collectively known as the officials or referees. In boxing a referee is the person who enforces the rules during the fight. He gives
Referee
American mixed martial arts referee
early interest in combat sports and trained in boxing and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ). Before becoming a referee, Beltran competed as an amateur fighter. In
Mike_Beltran_(referee)
American boxing referee (1931–2021)
a Puerto Rican boxing referee and judge. During his career, he refereed many major boxing fights and participated in a number of boxing related documentaries
Tony_Perez_(referee)
Boxing competition
AP via Slam! Boxing, 1997-06-29, Retrieved on March 9, 2007. Friend, Tom (June 28, 1997). "Like It or Not, Tyson Gets Wish As Referee Bows Out Of Bout"
Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II
Evander_Holyfield_vs._Mike_Tyson_II
Combat sport and a stand-up fighting promotion company based in Tokyo, Japan
Technical knockouts can also occur in shoot boxing, in cases where the fighter is injured, the referee rules the fighter knocked out after two knockdowns
Shoot_boxing
Topics referred to by the same term
include: Referee (American football) Referee (association football) Referee (basketball) Referee (boxing) Referee (futsal) Referee (ice hockey) Referee (professional
Referee_(disambiguation)
American boxer
American former boxing referee who has officiated in many important world title bouts. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2011
Joe_Cortez
British boxer (born 1994)
professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) heavyweight title from 2025 to May 2026. He also held the World Boxing Association (WBA) interim heavyweight
Fabio_Wardley
American boxer
Mark Nelson is a professional boxing referee from St. Paul, Minnesota. Nelson is licensed by the WBO, WBA, and IBF, and has been appointed to officiate
Mark_Nelson_(boxing_referee)
1975 boxing match at the Araneta Coliseum
Joe Frazier III, billed as the Thrilla in Manila, was the third and final boxing match between undisputed champion Muhammad Ali, and former champion Joe
Thrilla_in_Manila
American boxing referee (1937–2022)
Bee Lane III (November 12, 1937 – December 6, 2022) was an American boxing referee and professional boxer, a two-term Washoe County, Nevada district court
Mills_Lane
Boxing match
billed as The Fight, (referred to afterwards as The War), was a professional boxing match contested on April 15, 1985, for the undisputed middleweight championship
Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns
Marvin_Hagler_vs._Thomas_Hearns
Manny Pacquiao has competed in professional boxing from 1995. Regarded by boxing historians as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time, Pacquiao
Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao
Boxing_career_of_Manny_Pacquiao
Governing body of professional boxing in the United Kingdom
The British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) is the governing body of professional boxing in the United Kingdom. The British Boxing Board of Control was
British Boxing Board of Control
British_Boxing_Board_of_Control
American actress (1932–2026)
(November 29, 1932 – April 30, 2026) was an American actress and a boxing referee. She was known for her work on the television show M.A.S.H. and Billy
Gwen_Farrell
British boxer (born 1997)
champion, having held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) title since May 2026, and previously the International Boxing Federation (IBF) title from 2024
Daniel_Dubois
Ukrainian boxer (born 1976)
between 2008 and 2015. During this time he also held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) and Ring magazine titles. A strategic and intelligent
Wladimir_Klitschko
Χριστοδούλου; born 31 January 1946) is a South African international boxing judge and referee of Greek Cypriot descent. Christodoulou has judged bouts in his
Stanley_Christodoulou
American boxing referee (born 1950)
(born May 4, 1950) is an American retired boxing referee from Nevada. He is best known for having refereed many of the sport's most well-known fights
Kenny_Bayless
American-Australian actor and boxer
December 2010) was an American-Australian chiropractor, actor, boxing referee, boxing judge, and sports commentator. He was equally prominent as a character
Gus_Mercurio
British boxer (born 1994)
1994) is a British professional boxer. He challenged once for the World Boxing Organization (WBO) heavyweight title in 2017, and at regional level held
Hughie_Fury
British boxer (born 1996)
parents. Adeleye's parents never wished for him to go into professional boxing until he had at least finished higher-education. When Adeleye was growing
David_Adeleye
1980 boxing match
vs. Roberto Durán, billed as The Brawl in Montreal, was a professional boxing match contested on June 20, 1980 for the WBC and The Ring welterweight championship
Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Roberto Durán
Sugar_Ray_Leonard_vs._Roberto_Durán
McFarlane (born 30 March 1967) is a former boxer turned British AIBA boxing referee, whose most high-profile bout saw Shakur Stevenson (United States),
Danny McFarlane (boxing referee)
Danny_McFarlane_(boxing_referee)
American boxing referee
an American boxing referee who officiated some of the sport's biggest matches. Halpern began his career in March 1991 and went on to referee 87 championship
Mitch_Halpern
Ukrainian boxer (born 1987)
Arena". BoxingScene.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2018. "Usyk vs Bellew: Terry O'Connor to referee world
Oleksandr_Usyk
American boxer (1907–1984)
fight referee. He was a serious World Lightweight Championship contender in the 1920s, and became one of America's most trusted and respected boxing referees
Ruby_Goldstein
American boxer and media personality (born 1966)
boxer to simultaneously hold the World Boxing Association (WBA), World Boxing Council (WBC), and International Boxing Federation (IBF) titles, as well as
Mike_Tyson
Arabic male name
multiple people Ahmet Cömert (1926–1990), Turkish amateur boxer, coach, referee, boxing judge and sports official Ahmet Davutoğlu (born 1959), Turkish politician
Ahmad
British boxer (born 1989)
championship twice between 2017 and 2021. He also held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) title during his reigns as champion. At regional level
Anthony_Joshua
American boxing referee (1943–2022)
15, 1943 – December 19, 2022) was an American boxing referee from Atlantic City, New Jersey. He refereed more than 200 title bouts, and was one of the
Steve_Smoger
American boxer (born 1997)
previously held the International Boxing Federation (IBF) welterweight title from 2023 to 2025, and the World Boxing Association (WBA) (Super version)
Jaron_Ennis
American boxer (1909–1959)
magazine. Baer was also a boxing referee, and had occasional roles in film and television. He was the brother of heavyweight boxing contender Buddy Baer and
Max_Baer_(boxer)
American boxer (born 1967)
Pukall. Riddick Bowe's boxing record stands at 43 wins and 1 loss, with 33 knockouts. In the autobiography of veteran former referee Mills Lane, Let's Get
Riddick_Bowe
American boxer (1949–2025)
was an American professional boxer, businessman, minister, and author. In boxing, he competed between 1967 and 1997, and was nicknamed "Big George". He was
George_Foreman
American boxing referee, judge, official, commentator and actor
former amateur boxer, boxing referee, athletic control board commissioner, teacher and actor. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, being
Larry_Hazzard
American boxer
Nady (/ˈneɪdi/ NAY-dee; born August 23, 1947) is an American former boxing referee and the uncle of former Major League Baseball outfielder Xavier Nady
Jay_Nady
English boxer (born 1982)
competed from 2007 to 2018, and has since worked as a boxing analyst and commentator. He held the World Boxing Council (WBC) cruiserweight title from 2016 to
Tony_Bellew
American boxer and boxing promoter (born 1977)
(né Sinclair; born February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxer and boxing promoter. He is undefeated at 50–0. Mayweather won 15 major world championships
Floyd_Mayweather_Jr.
English boxer (born 1997)
to sharpen his mind for boxing". British Boxing News. "'Give him the pain': meet Zak Chelli, the supply teacher turned boxing sensation". The Guardian
Zak_Chelli
British boxer (born 1986)
punches that prompted the referee to stop the fight, giving Brook the victory. Brook announced his retirement from boxing in May 2022. In 2025, former
Kell_Brook
Japanese boxer (born 1993)
which prompted referee Michiaki Someya to wave the fight off. Inoue was later named the 2021 "Fighter of the Year" by the Japanese Boxing Commission. Inoue
Naoya_Inoue
New Zealand boxer (born 1992)
9 January 1992) is a New Zealand professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) heavyweight title from 2016 to 2018. At regional level
Joseph_Parker
Irish boxer (born 1999)
remainder of the bout and sealed the win after winning every round on the referees scored card. On 20 December 2019, Donovan faced Oscar Amador. Donovan dominated
Paddy_Donovan_(Irish_boxer)
American boxing referee (born 1946)
American boxing referee who has officiated in world title bouts in the United States, Ireland, and Italy and on HBO pay-per-view. He has refereed fights
Ron_Lipton
American professional boxer (born 1989)
weight classes including the World Boxing Organization (WBO) super featherweight title from 2011 to 2012, the World Boxing Council (WBC) lightweight title
Adrien_Broner
Boxing competition
Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield, billed as Finally, was a professional boxing match fought between Evander Holyfield and Mike Tyson for the WBA heavyweight
Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield
Mike_Tyson_vs._Evander_Holyfield
Turkish boxer
Turkish amateur boxer, coach, referee, judge and sports official. He served in the executive committee of the International Boxing Association (AIBA). He was
Ahmet_Cömert
Congolese boxer (born 1993)
heavyweight title in 2025. He is the younger brother of former cruiserweight boxing world champion, Ilunga Makabu. Bakole made his professional debut on 25
Martin_Bakole
2026 in Misfits Boxing and MF Pro is the fifth year in the history of Misfits Boxing and first year in the history for MF Pro, two boxing promotions founded
2026 in Misfits Boxing and MF Pro
2026_in_Misfits_Boxing_and_MF_Pro
Filipino boxing referee (born 1934)
April 19, 1934) is a retired actor and boxing referee and judge from the Philippines. He is best known for refereeing the "Thrilla in Manila" between Muhammad
Carlos_Padilla_Jr.
Mexican-American boxer (born 1996)
weight classes. He has held the unified World Boxing Association (WBA) (Super version) and World Boxing Organization (WBO) cruiserweight titles since
David_Benavidez
Boxing match
vs. Manny Pacquiao, also billed as The Dream Match, was a professional boxing match contested on December 6, 2008. Pacquiao defeated De La Hoya via technical
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao
Oscar_De_La_Hoya_vs._Manny_Pacquiao
American boxer (born 1960)
THE TIMES; Referee's Count Is What Counts". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-07. "The Lineal Heavyweight Boxing Champs". The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia
Buster_Douglas
English boxer (born 1985)
(born 19 September 1985) is a British professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) interim heavyweight title from 2022 to 2023. At regional
Joe_Joyce_(boxer)
Boxing competition
was a professional boxing match contested on August 19, 1995. The match marked the return of Mike Tyson to professional boxing after over four years
Mike_Tyson_vs._Peter_McNeeley
American boxer and referee
Arthur Mercante Sr. (January 26, 1920 – April 10, 2010) was an American boxing referee. His career spanned from 1954 until 2002. Mercante was born in Brockton
Arthur_Mercante_Sr.
Chinese boxer (born 1983)
refusing to line him up in fights. Brothers Tommy and Terry Lane, sons of boxing referee Mills Lane, joined Zhang as advisers and helped guide him out of trouble
Zhilei_Zhang
Boxing match
Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier II, billed as Super Fight II, was a professional boxing match contested on January 28, 1974, for the NABF heavyweight title. The
Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier II
Muhammad_Ali_vs._Joe_Frazier_II
Mexican boxer (born 1990)
powerful straight right hands and the referee stepped in and stopped it. The fight averaged 1.5 million viewers on HBO: Boxing After Dark. Richard Schaefer announced
Canelo_Álvarez
1971 boxing match
Fight of the Century or simply The Fight, was a heavyweight championship boxing match between WBA, WBC, and The Ring heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and
Fight_of_the_Century
Boxing match
Ray Mancini vs. Kim Duk-koo was a professional boxing match contested on November 13, 1982, for the WBA lightweight title. Following Ray Mancini's first
Ray_Mancini_vs._Kim_Duk-koo
American boxer (born 1958)
continue and the referee decided to stop the fight. Despite the loss, Hearns garnered a tremendous amount of respect from fans and boxing aficionados alike
Thomas_Hearns
American boxer, kickboxer, and mixed martial arts fighter (born 1981)
Championship (UFC), where she is a former Women's Bantamweight Champion. In boxing, Holm has been a multiple-time world champion, defending her titles 18 times
Holly_Holm
Sanctioning organization for professional boxing bouts
sanction professional boxing bouts, alongside the World Boxing Association (WBA), International Boxing Federation (IBF) and World Boxing Organization (WBO)
World_Boxing_Council
Boxing match
professional boxing match contested on May 5, 2007, for the WBC super welterweight championship.. At the time, the bout was the most lucrative boxing match ever
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Oscar_De_La_Hoya_vs._Floyd_Mayweather_Jr.
Cuban boxer (born 1979)
title in 2018 and 2019. As an amateur, he won a silver medal at the 2005 Boxing World Cup. Nicknamed "King Kong", he is known for his formidable punching
Luis_Ortiz_(Cuban_boxer)
English boxer (born 1990)
round with the referee stepping in to halt the fight after the second knockdown, handing his opponent the win by technical knockout. "Boxing record for Liam
Liam_Cameron
British boxer (born 1988)
and the 98–92 decision by the referee Terry O'Connor was criticised as a "travesty". The decision led the British Boxing Board of Control to mandate three
Tyson_Fury
Boxing match
professional boxing match contested on January 29, 1994, for the WBC super lightweight title. The fight was the featured bout on a Don King-promoted boxing card
Julio César Chávez vs. Frankie Randall
Julio_César_Chávez_vs._Frankie_Randall
Boxing match
Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson, billed as Liberation, was a professional boxing match fought on September 7, 1996 for the WBA heavyweight championship. The
Bruce_Seldon_vs._Mike_Tyson
Uzbek boxing referee
is an Uzbek boxing referee. He is a 3-star referee of the International Boxing Association (IBA) and serves as chairman of the referees committee of
Aleksandr_Khamidov
American boxing referee
ring name Frank Cappuccino, was a boxing referee best known for having officiated over some of the most famous boxing matches in history. Cappuccino was
Frank_Cappuccino
Virgin Islands boxer (born 1960)
classes, having held the World Boxing Association (WBA) super welterweight title from 1987 to 1990, and the World Boxing Council (WBC) middleweight title
Julian_Jackson_(boxer)
Kazakhstani boxer (born 1982)
champion. He held the World Boxing Association (WBA) (Super version), World Boxing Council (WBC) and International Boxing Federation (IBF) titles at varying
Gennady_Golovkin
American boxer (born 1985)
October 22, 1985) is an American professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight title from 2015 to 2020. By winning the title
Deontay_Wilder
American boxer
having held the International Boxing Federation (IBF) super featherweight title from 1999 to 2000; the World Boxing Organisation (WBO) super featherweight
Diego_Corrales
Vintage rules system for boxing
to be fair-sized boxing gloves of the best quality and new. Should a glove burst, or come off, it must be replaced to the referee's satisfaction. A man
Marquess_of_Queensberry_Rules
"Olympics Boxing 2012: Referees Suspended, Expelled in Iran and Japan-Azerbaijan Controversies". Retrieved 3 August 2012. "Boxing: London 2012 Boxing: Sumit
Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics
Boxing match
Manny Pacquiao, billed as Hearts and Fists on Fire, was a professional boxing match contested on May 8, 2004, for the WBA (Unified), IBF, and The Ring
Juan Manuel Márquez vs. Manny Pacquiao
Juan_Manuel_Márquez_vs._Manny_Pacquiao
International boxing governing body
chief demands 2012 boxing bribe evidence from BBC". BBC Sport. 2011-09-23. Retrieved 2024-10-19. "2012 London Olympics – Boxing referee Ishanguly Meretnyyazov
International Boxing Association
International_Boxing_Association
Polish boxer (born 1968)
Mike; Morley, Patrick (2014-06-19). Third Man in the Ring: 33 of Boxing's Best Referees and Their Stories. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612342429. "Down
Andrew_Golota
American boxer (born 1994)
boxer. He has held the World Boxing Association (WBA) lightweight title since 2023. He previously held the International Boxing Federation (IBF) super featherweight
Gervonta_Davis
Boxing competition
Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali, billed as The Last Hurrah!, was a professional boxing bout contested on October 2, 1980, in Las Vegas for the WBC and The Ring
Larry_Holmes_vs._Muhammad_Ali
British boxer (born 1987)
points-decision from referee Victor Loughlin, and had knocked Bunga down once in the last round. On 17 May, the British Boxing Board of Control revealed
Nick_Webb_(boxer)
Boxing match
Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito, billed as "The Battle", was a professional boxing match between WBA welterweight champion Miguel Cotto and former IBF and
Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito
Miguel_Cotto_vs._Antonio_Margarito
New Zealand boxing referee (1940–2025)
Zealand–born Filipino boxing referee and philanthropist residing in the Philippines. He was named World Boxing Council Referee of the Year in 2013, 2015
Bruce_McTavish
American boxer
of the world's top three active welterweights by most sporting news and boxing websites, including The Ring magazine, BoxRec, and ESPN. His crowd-pleasing
Victor_Ortiz
Mexican and American boxer (born 1989)
champion, having held the World Boxing Association (WBA) (Super version), International Boxing Federation (IBF), and World Boxing Organization (WBO) titles
Andy_Ruiz_Jr.
British boxing referee
21 May 1966 in Forest Gate in east London) is a British boxing referee based at Fairbairn Boxing Club in Manor Park in the London Borough of Newham. He
Mik_Basi
REFEREE BOXING
REFEREE BOXING
Boy/Male
French
Revered.
Boy/Male
Greek
Revered.
Boy/Male
Latin
Revered.
Surname or Lastname
French
French : variant of Rivière, Rivoire, or Rivier, topographic name for someone living on the banks of a river, French rivier ‘bank’, or habitational name from any of the many places in France named with this word.English : nickname from Middle English revere ‘reiver’, ‘robber’.English : topographic name for someone who lived on the brow of a hill, from a misdivision of the Middle English phrase atter evere ‘at the brow or edge’ (from Old English yfer, efer ‘edge’) or a habitational name from a place named with this phrase, as for example River in West Sussex or Rivar in Wiltshire.Jewish (from Italy) : habitational name from a place in Mantua named Revere.The MA patriot Paul Revere (1734–1818), who in April 1775 undertook a famous ride from Boston to Lexington to warn of the approach of British troops, was a silversmith and instrument maker. He was descended from French Huguenots called Rivoire.
Boy/Male
Greek Italian Spanish
Revered.
Boy/Male
Greek
Revered.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Great, Revered
Boy/Male
German
Peace
Boy/Male
Greek Hungarian
Revered.
Girl/Female
Indian
Revered
Girl/Female
Italian
Revered.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Revered
Boy/Male
Hungarian
Revered.
Boy/Male
Greek American Latin Shakespearean
Revered.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Great, Revered
Boy/Male
Greek
Revered.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Revered.
Boy/Male
Greek
Revered.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Revered
Girl/Female
Muslim
Honored, Revered
REFEREE BOXING
REFEREE BOXING
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Immovable; Firm
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Charm
Girl/Female
Indian
Righteous
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Luck
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place. Only two bearers of the surname, both female, were recorded in the 1881 British Census, and it now appears to be extinct in the British Isles. In the U.S. it is concentrated in NC, where it is common, and also in TN.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Proof
Boy/Male
American, British, English, German
Man
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kreema | கà¯à®°à®¿à®®à®¾à®‚
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Divine Counselor
REFEREE BOXING
REFEREE BOXING
REFEREE BOXING
REFEREE BOXING
REFEREE BOXING
imp. & p. p.
of Revere
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
v. t.
Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal.
a.
To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree.
n.
One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
n.
One who refers.
a.
The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
v. i.
To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote.
v. i.
To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary.
a.
Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order or method.
n.
A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose; as, the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio, originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy Reserves in Canada, for the support of the clergy.
n.
One who, or that which, is referred to.
a.
The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the obverse. See Obverse.
n.
One who reveres.
imp. & p. p.
of Refer
a.
Reversed; as, a reverse shell.
v. i.
To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher referred to the late election.
n.
A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
n.
One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee.