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Verbal working memory test
The reading span task (RST) is a common memory span task widely cited in, and adapted for, investigations of working memory, cognitive processing, and
Reading_span_task
Longest list of items one can memorize immediately
may include words, numbers, or letters. The task is known as digit span when numbers are used. Memory span is a common measure of working memory and short-term
Memory_span
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
used largely recall tasks (e.g., the reading span task, see below). It is not clear to what degree recognition and recall tasks reflect the same processes
Working_memory
Sentences with structures permitting multiple possible interpretations
natural language by a computer Paraprosdokian – Figure of speech Reading span task – Verbal working memory test Serial comma – Comma before the conjunction
Syntactic_ambiguity
Ability to read and understand text
they're reading, they're better able to create those text factors in their own writing." Another one is arranging the text per perceptual span and a text
Reading_comprehension
Time spent concentrating before being distracted
Attention span is the amount of time spent concentrating on a task before becoming distracted. Distractibility occurs when attention is uncontrollably
Attention_span
Performing music at first sight
the eye–hand span can be trained to be larger than it would otherwise be under normal conditions, leading to more robust sight-reading ability. Human
Sight-reading
Topics referred to by the same term
quality control method Rapid strep test, for strep throat Reading span task, a memory span test Reinforcement sensitivity theory, a psychological theory
RST
Taking in the meaning of letters or symbols
person reading a single passage of text. When reading, the eye has a perceptual span of about 20 slots. In the best-case scenario and reading English
Reading
Computer application of Microsoft Windows
applications but also take a number of custom actions. Task Scheduler includes a number of actions built-in, spanning a number of applications; including send an
Windows_Task_Scheduler
Internal process while reading
rehearsal. Silent speech-reading and silent counting are also examined when experimenters look at subvocalization. These tasks show activation in the frontal
Subvocalization
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
developing adults and adults with HFA while performing a "reading the mind in the eyes" task: viewing a photo of a human's eyes and choosing which of two
Theory_of_mind
Psychological test of working memory
digit span task, but instead of the verbal form of the Digit Span, it required the use of visuo-spatial memory.. This number is known as the Corsi Span, and
Corsi_block-tapping_test
IQ test designed to measure intelligence in adults
with Digit Span Sequencing and Running Digits now being the core subtests that compose the Working Memory Index. Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Wechsler_Adult_Intelligence_Scale
Difficulty keeping organised to complete tasks
instruction to the participant to draw a clock reading a specific time (generally 11:10). After the task is complete, the test administrator draws a clock
Executive_dysfunction
Role of the eyes in reading music
sight reading skills. A central aspect of music reading is the sequence of alternating saccades and fixations, as it is for most oculomotor tasks. Saccades
Eye_movement_in_music_reading
Ability to switch thinking about two concepts
situations. Thus, with tasks ranging from simple to more complex, research suggests that there is a developmental continuum that spans from infancy to adulthood
Cognitive_flexibility
Study of reading and its acquisition
person reading a single passage of text. When reading, the eye has a perceptual span of about 20 slots. In the best-case scenario and reading English
Science_of_reading
Mayor of New York City since January 2026
Legislative Caucus; the Puerto Rican/Hispanic Task Force; the Asian Pacific American Task Force; and the Task Force on New Americans. By May 2025, Mamdani
Zohran_Mamdani
American politician (born 1969)
in Pennsylvania in the 17th century. Fetterman was born at Reading Hospital in West Reading, Pennsylvania, to Karl and Susan Fetterman, both of whom were
John_Fetterman
American businessman (born 1965)
(1998): pp-73+. online[dead link] Wikiquote has quotations related to Michael Dell. Media related to Michael Dell at Wikimedia Commons Appearances on C-SPAN
Michael_Dell
American politician (born 1954)
Retrieved May 3, 2025. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Reacts to Presidential Debate". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on January 28, 2025. Retrieved November 27, 2024
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Vice President of the United States since 2025
(October 17, 2022). Campaign 2022 Ohio U.S. Senate Debate (Cable TV). C-SPAN. Event occurs at 21:40. Archived from the original on July 18, 2024. Retrieved
JD_Vance
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
less'". The Washington Times. "George W. Bush – C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2021 | C-SPAN.org". C-SPAN. Retrieved July 18, 2021. Jackson, David (February
George_W._Bush
President of the United States from 2021 to 2025
Retrieved January 24, 2021. "1988 Road to the White House with Sen. Biden". C-SPAN. August 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 4, 2023. Retrieved
Joe_Biden
Techniques for changing computer screen display depending on where the viewer is looking
A; Rayner, K (1990). "Eye movements, the eye–hand span, and the perceptual span in sight-reading of music". Current Directions in Psychological Science:
Gaze-contingency_paradigm
Fantasy book series by Terry Pratchett
TH 030746), soundtrack to the animated adaptation of Soul Music. Steeleye Span: Wintersmith, (2013; Park Records), a collection of folk-rock songs based
Discworld
2025 suspension of an American talk show
Retrieved December 17, 2025. "FCC Commissioners Testify at Oversight Hearing". C-SPAN. December 17, 2025. Retrieved December 17, 2025. Hendel, John (January 14
Suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!
Suspension_of_Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!
American businessman (born 1964)
from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Jeff Bezos at TED Appearances on C-SPAN Jeff Bezos on Charlie Rose Jeff Bezos collected news and commentary at The
Jeff_Bezos
Russian private military company
based in the village of Storozhevo, near Saint Petersburg. The unit was tasked, in part, with "determining the effects of radioactive rays on living organisms"
Wagner_Group
Diagnostic framework in personalized psychiatry
sciences to jointly identify the fundamental behavioral components that may span multiple disorders (e.g., executive functioning, affect regulation, person
Research_Domain_Criteria
2011. "House Bill". www.capitol.hawaii.gov. "Report of the Age of Consent Task Force" (Archive). State of Hawaii Department of the Attorney General. Retrieved
Age of consent in the United States
Age_of_consent_in_the_United_States
President of the United States from 2009 to 2017
throughout the United States. The co-chairs of the Task Force were Vice President Joe Biden and Jarrett. The Task Force was a development out of the White House
Barack_Obama
American serial killer (born 1949)
King County Sheriff's Office formed the Green River Task Force to investigate the murders. Task force members included Robert D. Keppel and Dave Reichert
Gary_Ridgway
Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–present)
"Israeli Perspective on Conflict with Iraq". U.S. House of Representatives. C-SPAN. 12 September 2002. Serial No. 107–139 (PDF). Retrieved 9 June 2025. "Kerry
Benjamin_Netanyahu
Fictional characters
this to flush out a mole in the agency. Vance and Gibbs clash during this span, prompting a cold war between them, which ends with a détente in "Agent Afloat"
List_of_NCIS_characters
Prime Minister of Italy since 2022
Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata Appearances on C-SPAN Giorgia Meloni at IMDb
Giorgia_Meloni
Prime Minister of India since 2014
commentary at The New York Times Narendra Modi at IMDb Appearances on C-SPAN Portals: Biography India Politics Narendra Modi at Wikipedia's sister projects:
Narendra_Modi
1986 Japanese animated film by Hayao Miyazaki
theatrically in France on January 15, 2003, bringing in 615,374 viewers over the span of a month. The film was subsequently released on DVD there, as well as in
Castle_in_the_Sky
American filmmaker (born 1946)
filmed a series of interviews with Russian president Vladimir Putin over the span of two years, which was released as The Putin Interviews, a four episode
Oliver_Stone
Series of language models developed by Google AI
ELMo and GPT-2. It found applications for many natural language processing tasks, such as coreference resolution and polysemy resolution. It improved on
BERT_(language_model)
American lawyer (born 1960)
2018. Comey, James (July 7, 2016). Hillary Clinton Email Investigation. C-SPAN. Event occurs at 01:35:57. Retrieved July 7, 2016. I have been registered
James_Comey
President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013
February 2008: "The Politics of Venezuela's Hugo Chávez" Appearances on C-SPAN BBC News: "Profile: Hugo Chávez" Shifter, Michael. "In Search of Hugo Chávez"
Hugo_Chávez
American white supremacist (born 1950)
right politics after attending a Citizens' Councils (CCA) meeting and reading Carleton Putnam's pro-segregation books, later citing Race and Reason:
David_Duke
Files on Jeffrey Epstein and his affiliates
emails from one of Epstein's personal Yahoo accounts, [email protected], spanning from 2002 through 2022. The outlet used cryptographic verification, metadata
Epstein_files
American whistleblower and ex-CIA officer (born 1964)
In 2006, senior law enforcement agents with the Criminal Investigation Task Force told MSNBC.com that they had been cautioning against the use of enhanced
John_Kiriakou
Director of the FBI since 2025
F.B.I.: Meltdowns, Chaos, Vendettas". The New York Times. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kash Patel. Profile at the FBI Appearances on C-SPAN
Kash_Patel
Video-focused social media platform
break. Many were also concerned with the app affecting users' attention spans due to the short-form nature of the content. This is a concern as many of
TikTok
American politician and activist (born 1941)
"Biden, Sanders unity task forces release policy recommendations". Politico. Retrieved November 11, 2024. "Biden-Sanders Unity Task Force Recommendations"
Bernie_Sanders
American politician and activist (born 1989)
Congress in January 2019, C-SPAN tweeted the video. Within 12 hours, the video of her speech set the record as C-SPAN's most-watched Twitter video of
Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez
British politician and diplomat (born 1953)
Mandelson: Interview on New Statesman, 1 October 2008. Appearances on C-SPAN Peter Mandelson on Charlie Rose Social Democracy Observatory Peter Mandelson
Peter_Mandelson
American government official and television personality (born 1980)
Joint Chiefs Chair Testify on 2026 Budget Request. June 18, 2025 – via c-span.org. Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric; McCreesh, Shawn (September 30, 2025)
Pete_Hegseth
President of the United States from 1993 to 2001
Foundation White House biography Archived White House website Appearances on C-SPAN Bill Clinton at TED Full audio of a number of Clinton speeches Miller Center
Bill_Clinton
Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001
March 19, 1979, he had become the first member of Congress to appear on C-SPAN. During this time, Gore co-chaired the Congressional Clearinghouse on the
Al_Gore
Concept that some difficulty can assist learning
must also be achievable. Many tasks give the illusion of learning because they are easily completed. For example, re-reading notes or a textbook is a common
Desirable_difficulty
worker-based quasi-government organization in the city of Kiev, Ukraine, whose main task was self-defence. The uprising lasted a total of four days, from December
List of historical unrecognized states
List_of_historical_unrecognized_states
American serial killer (1952–2020)
Southside Slayer Task Force began downsizing in 1987 due to the lack of results relative to the expense and manpower being used. Task-force commander Lt
Grim_Sleeper
Processing of natural language by a computer
computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly. Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural
Natural_language_processing
Prime Minister of India from 1991 to 1996
to P. V. Narasimha Rao. Wikimedia Commons has media related to P. V. Narasimha Rao. Works by P. V. Narasimha Rao at Open Library Appearances on C-SPAN
P._V._Narasimha_Rao
American rapper and producer (born 1977)
AllMusic Kanye West at IMDb Kanye West discography at Discogs Appearances on C-SPAN Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
Kanye_West
Country in South America
wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. It ranks first among 17 megadiverse countries
Brazil
Soviet serial killer (1936–1994)
later. An avid reader of communist literature, he was also delegated the task of organizing street marches. Although Chikatilo claimed learning did not
Andrei_Chikatilo
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990
material relating to Margaret Thatcher". UK National Archives. Appearances on C-SPAN Margaret Thatcher at IMDb Margaret Thatcher collected news and commentary
Margaret_Thatcher
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1990 to 1997
Common School from 1948. His childhood was generally happy, and he enjoyed reading, sports (especially cricket and football) and keeping pets, such as his
John_Major
American serial killer (born 1945)
new task force of detectives colloquially known as the "Ghostbusters" revamped the investigation based on advances in forensic evidence. Over the span of
Dennis_Rader
Most populous city in Canada
side. Toronto has many bridges spanning the ravines. Large bridges such as the Prince Edward Viaduct were built to span broad river valleys. Despite its
Toronto
Fantasy book series by Steven Erikson
Erikson's series presents the narratives of a large cast of characters spanning thousands of years across multiple continents. His stories present complicated
Malazan_Book_of_the_Fallen
Whistleblower and NSA contractor (born 1983)
gun-toting NRA compatriots would be on the steps of Congress before the C-Span feed finished." Snowden disliked Obama's economic policies, was against Social
Edward_Snowden
2025 US federal law
conservative and right-wing figures, including Liz Wheeler and Scott Presler, reading "Epstein Files: Phase 1" and "Declassified". Later that day, Representative
Epstein Files Transparency Act
Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act
President of Syria from 2000 to 2024
website Biography Decrees Speeches Interviews Press releases Appearances on C-SPAN Bashar al-Assad collected news and commentary at The Guardian Bashar al-Assad
Bashar_al-Assad
President of Turkey since 2014
in a poetry-reading competition organized by the Community of Turkish Technical Painters, and began preparing for speeches through reading and research
Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan
Head of the Catholic Church from 2013 to 2025
ISBN 978-1-4767-8905-7. Vatican webpage about Pope Francis Appearances on C-SPAN Pope Francis at IMDb Pope Francis at Wikipedia's sister projects: Media from
Pope_Francis
American attorney and politician (born 1944)
information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission Appearances on C-SPAN La Guardia and Wagner Archives/The Giuliani Collection Archived August 8
Rudy_Giuliani
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2022 to 2024
at Public Accountability Initiatives LittleSis website Appearances on C-SPAN Final Speech as Prime Minister after July 4, 2024 election on The Guardian
Rishi_Sunak
spellbinder A popular orator or demagog, a blah tossed, a bull artist spick and span Brand new spicy Pungent, tart, risqué, racy spiel, speel To talk longwindedly
Glossary of early twentieth century slang in the United States
Glossary_of_early_twentieth_century_slang_in_the_United_States
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Empire, historically also known as the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century
Ottoman_Empire
American actor (1923–2008)
Charlton Heston at the TCM Movie Database (archived) Charlton Heston at the Internet Broadway Database Charlton Heston at Find a Grave Appearances on C-SPAN
Charlton_Heston
British politician and broadcaster (born 1964)
Political group in the European Parliament Debrett's People of Today Appearances on C-SPAN 2002 Amnesty law Penal Code, articles L133-9, L133-10, L133-11
Nigel_Farage
2025 war in West Asia
conducted extensive strikes in Tehran, dropping over 100 munitions in the span of two hours. The IDF targeted military command centers and infrastructure
Twelve-Day_War
American politician (1902–2003)
as superintendent of education, he began studying to become a lawyer by reading law under his father's guidance. In 1930, Thurmond was admitted to the
Strom_Thurmond
American singer and actress (born 1969)
in Las Vegas, a residency at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace which will span 12 shows. That month, she appeared in a mid-credits scene in Anaconda (2025)
Jennifer_Lopez
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
manner dependent on their distance from the hypocenter, in the 1987 Life Span Study, conducted by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a statistical
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
explosion. In May 2026, Reuters reported that Israeli issued evacuation orders "span about 2,000 sq km of Lebanon – about a fifth of the entire country". The
2026_Iran_war
American businessman and government official (born 1962)
Inside the House of Money Wikiquote has quotations related to Scott Bessent. Media related to Scott Bessent at Wikimedia Commons Appearances on C-SPAN
Scott_Bessent
Indian multinational technology company
medium-sized businesses (SMBs), but scalable for larger enterprises. These products span many categories, including customer relationship management, marketing, sales
Zoho_Corporation
2023 armed incursions and massacres in Israel
establishment of the Joint Task Force October 7 (JTF 10-7) to seek justice for victims of the October 7 attacks. The task force focuses on prosecuting
October_7_attacks
Governor of Michigan since 2019
Whitmer. Governor Gretchen Whitmer official government website Gretchen Whitmer for Governor campaign website Appearances on C-SPAN Profile at Vote Smart
Gretchen_Whitmer
American record producer and musician (1933–2024)
holding the family together. Jones cited his father's rhyming motto: "Once a task is just begun, never leave until it's done. Be the labor great or small,
Quincy_Jones
American politician and gun control activist (born 1970)
August 23, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2011. House Session, Jan 6, 2011. C-SPAN. January 6, 2011. Event occurs at 1:55:48 – 1:56:10. Archived from the original
Gabby_Giffords
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022
at Public Accountability Initiatives LittleSis website Appearances on C-SPAN Boris Johnson at IMDb Boris Johnson, columnist — The Daily Telegraph Boris
Boris_Johnson
decreasing attention span for example. Social and educational changes also impact the literacy decline rather than a single cause. Reading methods have changed
Literacy_in_the_United_States
2021 Microsoft operating system version
replacement of shell resources dating back as far as Windows 95), improvements to Task View to allow changing the wallpaper on each virtual desktop, x86-64 emulation
Windows_11
President of the United States from 1977 to 1981
a community leader. Carter was a diligent student with a fondness for reading. According to a popular anecdote, he was passed over for valedictorian
Jimmy_Carter
Unowned or untamed domestic cat in the outdoors
The authors compared this result to a 1984 study that found the mean life span for domesticated cats was 7.1 years. Feral cats, like all cats, are susceptible
Feral_cat
Set of techniques intended to increase learning rate
a single location Reading – Taking in the meaning of letters or symbols Subvocalization – Internal process while reading Vision span – Arc of accurate
Speed_learning
President of the United States from 1989 to 1993
Miller Center of Public Affairs Appearances on C-SPAN "Life Portrait of George H. W. Bush", from C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life Portraits, December 13
George_H._W._Bush
Prime Minister of Australia from 2013 to 2015
or browse Hansard for Tony Abbott at OpenAustralia.org Appearances on C-SPAN Portals: 2000s 2010s Australia Biography Conservatism New South Wales Politics
Tony_Abbott
American serial rapist and serial killer (born 1945)
inventory of their worth To prevailing society. Choosing values becomes a task; Oneself must seek satisfaction. The selected route will unmask Character
Joseph_James_DeAngelo
Nicaraguan human rights advocate
the Twentieth Century Task Force to Apprehend War Criminals, and a trustee of the Amazon Charitable Trust. She gave a reading at the start of the memorial
Bianca_Jagger
Screening assessment for detecting cognitive impairment
sustained attention task (target detection using tapping; 1 point), serial sevens (serial subtraction task; 3 points), and digit span forward and backward
Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment
READING SPAN-TASK
READING SPAN-TASK
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Male
English
Short form of English Stanley, STAN means "stone clearing," and other names containing Old English stan, meaning "stone."
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : (of Norman origin): habitational name from Épaignes in Eure, recorded in the Latin form Hispania in the 12th century. It seems to have been so called because it was established by colonists from Spain during the Roman Empire.English and Irish : habitational name from Espinay in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, so called from a collective of Old French espine ‘thorn bush’.English and Irish : ethnic name for a Spaniard or, in the case of the Irish name, for someone returning from Spain (from Gaelic Spainneach ‘Spanish’); many Irish took refuge in Spain during the 17th century wars.
Female
English
 Anglicized form of Welsh Siân, SHAN means "God is gracious." Compare with another form of Shan.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Reading.Dutch and German : variant of Redding 2.
Boy/Male
Norse
Swan.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Reading 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Redden.Irish : variant of Roden.German and Dutch : variant of Redding 2.
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight)
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight) : habitational name from a place on the Isle of Wight named Brading, from Old English brerd ‘hillside’ + -ingas ‘dwellers at’, i.e. ‘(settlement of) the dwellers on the hillside’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from the county seat of Berkshire, which gets its name from Old English Rēadingas ‘people of Rēad(a)’, a byname meaning ‘red’.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a clearing, an unattested Old English ryding.
Boy/Male
British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Seán, SEAN means "God is gracious."
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reed.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Reading.
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reed.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : presumably a variant of Reddan or Reading.
Boy/Male
Irish
Irish form of John meaning “â€God’s gracious gift.â€â€ Shane is a very popular variant of the name in Northern Ireland in memory of Shane O’Neill whose forces won notable victories over the armies of Queen Elizabeth 1st in the sixteenth century.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Reading.German and Dutch : patronymic from any of the Germanic personal names with the first element rÄd ‘counsel’, ‘advice’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Avon)
English (Avon) : unexplained; possibly a variant of Melling.
READING SPAN-TASK
READING SPAN-TASK
Girl/Female
Indian
Small
Boy/Male
English American Teutonic
Lives in the valley. Surname.
Female
Danish
, holy.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Blessing, Boon, Favor
Girl/Female
Sikh
Princess
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lively eyed
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name Ecggēat, or in some cases perhaps from Ecgheard (see Eckert).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Agreement, Covenant
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Priceless
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Romanian, Swedish
Lord; People of Victory; Victorious Person; Diminutive of Dominick
READING SPAN-TASK
READING SPAN-TASK
READING SPAN-TASK
READING SPAN-TASK
READING SPAN-TASK
n.
Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive reading.
n.
A corruption of Swan-upping.
n.
Improperly, the unsupported span; as, the beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports.
n.
The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle.
a.
Guiding; directing; controlling; foremost; as, a leading motive; a leading man; a leading example.
n.
The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; as, the beading of a brand of whisky.
imp. & p. p.
of Spin
v. i. & t.
To emit spawn; to emit, as spawn.
a.
Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing salve; healing words.
imp.
of Spin
a.
Addicted to reading; as, a reading community.
a.
Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
n.
See Spa.
v. t.
To measure by the span of the hand with the fingers extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; as, to span a space or distance; to span a cylinder.
v. t.
To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness.
a.
Hung with spar, as a cave.
n.
An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as, the reading of a barometer.
n.
That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.