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City in Syria
to 2017. With a population of 531,952 based on the 2021 official census, Raqqa is the sixth largest city in Syria. During the Syrian civil war, the city
Raqqa
Alliance in the Syrian civil war
Thuwar al-Raqqa (formerly Jahbat Thuwar al-Raqqa), and the rest of the SDF and the Raqqa Internal Security Forces over recruitment issues in Raqqa. A curfew
Syrian_Democratic_Forces
Major battle in the Syrian civil war
The battle of Raqqa (2017), also known as the second battle of Raqqa, was the fifth and final phase of the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) launched by the Syrian
Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)
Part of the Rojava–Islamist conflict in Syria
The Raqqa campaign (codenamed Operation Wrath of Euphrates) was a military operation launched in November 2016 during the Rojava–Islamist conflict by
Raqqa_campaign_(2016–2017)
Governorate in Syria
Raqqa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة الرقة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat ar-Raqqah) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in the north of
Raqqa_Governorate
2024 film
Raqqa: Spy vs. Spy (Spanish: Raqa) is a 2024 spy thriller film directed by Gerardo Herrero from a screenplay by Irene Zoe Alameda based on a novel by
Raqqa:_Spy_vs._Spy
Topics referred to by the same term
Battle of Raqqa may refer to: Battle of Raqqa (1783) [Wikidata] Battle of Raqqa (2013), between Syrian opposition forces and the Syrian government Battle
Battle_of_Raqqa
Military unit
The Raqqa Internal Security Forces (RISF) (Arabic: قوات الأمن الداخلي في الرقة, romanized: Quwwāt al-ʾAmn ad-Dāḵilī fi'r-Raqqah) were a police unit that
Raqqa Internal Security Forces
Raqqa_Internal_Security_Forces
Syrian citizen journalist group
Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently (RSS or RBSS; Arabic: الرقة تذبح بصمت, romanized: al-Raqqah Tadhbaḥu bi-Ṣamt) is a citizen journalist group reporting
Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently
Raqqa_Is_Being_Slaughtered_Silently
Battle in the Syrian civil war between the Syrian opposition and the Syrian government
The Battle of Raqqa, also known as the First Battle of Raqqa and code named by rebels as the "Raid of the Almighty", was fought for control of the northern
Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)
Ottoman province (1586-1864)
Urfa (Arabic: إيالة الرقة; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت رقه, romanized: Eyālet-i Raqqa) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century
Rakka_Eyalet
Militia in Syria
The Raqqa Hawks Brigade (Arabic: لواء صقور الرقة, romanized: Liwa Suqur al Raqqa), also known as Raqqa Falcons Brigade, is a primarily Arab militia, composed
Raqqa_Hawks_Brigade
Topics referred to by the same term
Raqqa campaign may refer to: Raqqa campaign (2012–13), battles between various Syrian rebel groups and Syrian government Raqqa campaign (2016–17), battles
Raqqa_campaign
Topics referred to by the same term
Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive may refer to: Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016) Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016) This disambiguation page lists
Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive
Subdistrict in Raqqa, Syria
Raqqa Subdistrict or ar-Raqqah Nahiyah (Arabic: ناحية الرقّة), a subdistrict of Raqqa District, is the central area of Raqqa Governorate (Syria), including
Raqqa_Subdistrict
the Raqqa and Tabqa subcommittees, with the receipt of applications for membership of the electoral colleges beginning on 23 February for Raqqa District
2025–26 Syrian parliamentary election
2025–26_Syrian_parliamentary_election
Rebel group in the Syrian Civil War
Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa (Arabic: لواء ثوار الرقة, romanized: Liwā' Thūwwār ar-Raqqah, lit. 'Raqqa Revolutionaries' Brigade') was a rebel group in the Syrian
Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa
Leader of the Islamic State from 2013 to 2019
In January 2014, ISIL expelled Jabhat al-Nusra from the Syrian city of Raqqa, and in the same month clashes between the two in Syria's Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi
1920-1921 state in Syria
State of Raqqa (10 August 1920 – 17 December 1921), also known as the State of Hajim bin Muhaid, was a short-lived independent state based in Raqqa declared
Independent_State_of_Raqqa
Offensive
2017 Southern Raqqa offensive was an operation by the Syrian Army against the Islamic State (IS) in the southwestern countryside of the Raqqa Province. In
2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive
2016 military offensive
The Northern Raqqa offensive was a 2016 military offensive launched by the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and
Northern_Raqqa_offensive
District in Raqqa, Syria
Raqqa District (Arabic: منطقة مركز الرقة, romanized: Manṭiqat ar-Raqqah) is a district of the Raqqa Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative
Raqqa_District
Military operation conducted by the Syrian Arab Army against ISIL
The Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016) was a military operation conducted by the Syrian Arab Army against ISIL, during the Syrian Civil War
Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)
Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February–March_2016)
Series of battles in the Syrian Civil War
The Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) was a series of battles and offensives launched by various Syrian rebel groups, led by Ahrar al-Sham and al-Nusra Front
Raqqa_campaign_(2012–2013)
Salafi jihadist militant organisation
of every person who might have been a potential leader or opponent". In Raqqa, after rebel forces drove out the Assad regime and ISIL infiltrated the
Islamic_State
Syrian Kurdish commander (born c. 1977 or 1980)
launched another campaign to capture Raqqa, with Felat in overall charge of the operations in the northern Raqqa countryside. This time, the troops under
Rojda_Felat
Military unit
the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017), an international coalition, primarily composed of the Syrian Democratic Forces and CJTF–OIR, captured the Raqqa Governorate
Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) order of battle
Raqqa_campaign_(2016–2017)_order_of_battle
Offensive spearheaded by the Syrian government
towns of Deir Hafer and Maskanah, the offensive expanded on 17 January to Raqqa, Deir ez-Zor and Al-Hasakah Governorates. On 18 January, the Syrian president
2026 northeastern Syria offensive
2026_northeastern_Syria_offensive
Police force in North-East Syria
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, including Jazira, Euphrates, Raqqa, and previously Afrin Regions. Formed in the early stages of the Syrian
Asayish (Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria)
Asayish_(Democratic_Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria)
Syrian rebel group
with the goal of attacking the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Raqqa. As of the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016, the coalition appeared
Jaysh_al-Salam
of the governorate on 24 March. See Regional postponements. Elections in Raqqa Governorate were postponed until 17 March 2026. See Regional postponements
List of members of the People's Assembly, 2025–2027
List_of_members_of_the_People's_Assembly,_2025–2027
Insurgent group in the Syrian civil war
ash-Shaʿbiyya fīl-Minṭaqa ash-Sharqiyya); also called the Popular Resistance in Raqqa (Arabic: المقاومة الشعبية في الرقة al-Muqāwama ash-Shaʿbiyya fīr-Raqqah)
Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region
Popular_Resistance_of_the_Eastern_Region
Rebel group in the Syrian Civil War
Liwa Ahrar al-Raqqa, formerly known as the Jihad in the Path of God Brigade, is a Free Syrian Army unit active during the Syrian Civil War, originating
Liwa_Ahrar_al-Raqqa
Military operation by the Syrian Army
Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016) was a military operation launched in June 2016 by the Syrian Army with the stated goal of recapturing Raqqa, the capital
Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)
Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)
Kuwaiti-British terrorist and ISIS executioner (1988–2015)
November 2015, US officials reported that he had been hit by a drone strike in Raqqa, Syria. His death was confirmed by IS in January 2016. Emwazi was born Muhammad
Jihadi_John
City in Syria
formerly Al-Thawrah, is a city in Raqqa Governorate, Syria, approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of Raqqa. Until the 1960s it had been a relatively
Tabqa
Task force created to fight the Islamic State
civilians in Raqqa in 2017". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019. "IS conflict: Coalition strikes on Raqqa 'killed 1
Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve
Combined_Joint_Task_Force_–_Operation_Inherent_Resolve
2017 book by Hedi Yahmed
I Was in Raqqa is a book about Mohamed Fahem, a former member of the Islamic State (ISIS), written by Hedi Yahmed. Fahem is a Tunisian jihadist who joined
I_Was_in_Raqqa
The Syria Newroz Killings were attacks on Kurds in Raqqa and Qamishli in northern Syria during Newroz, the Kurdish New Year celebrations. The first incident
Syria_Newroz_killings
Arab dynasty circa 990-1081
Waththab ibn Sabiq in 990, ruled the Euphrates cities of Harran, Saruj and Raqqa more or less continuously until the late 11th century. In the early part
Numayrid_dynasty
2011–2024 armed conflict in Syria
the Syrian Interim Government after capturing the regional capitals of Raqqa in 2013 and Idlib in 2015. Use of chemical weapons during the war, predominantly
Syrian_civil_war
All-female police unit in Islamic State (2014-2017)
jihadist group Islamic State (IS), operating in its de facto capitals of Raqqa and Mosul. Formed in 2014 and initially consisting of around sixty women
Al-Khansaa_Brigade
Tunisian jihadist
In that year, he was put in charge of the military operations in eastern Raqqa, IS's proclaimed capital, which was attacked by the Syrian Democratic Forces
Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi
Archaeological site in Syria
site of Tell Bi'a (also Tall Bi'a) in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. Tell Bi'a is located near the modern city of Raqqa and at the confluence of the rivers Balikh
Tuttul
Style of lustreware pottery
Raqqa ware or Rakka ware is a style of lustreware pottery that was a mainstay of the economy of Raqqa in northeastern Syria during the Ayyubid dynasty
Raqqa_ware
Town in Raqqa, Syria
District of Raqqa Governorate, Syria. It is located halfway between the Syria–Turkey border town of Tell Abyad and the regional capital Raqqa. Through the
Ayn_Issa
Islamic State branch in Central Asia, Iran, and Northwest Pakistan
Syrian civil war. Capturing a number of cities in Iraq and Syria, notably Raqqa, Fallujah, Mosul, Tikrit, Ramadi, Aleppo, the Islamic State of Iraq and
Islamic State – Khorasan Province
Islamic_State_–_Khorasan_Province
Former mosque in Raqqa, Syria
The Great Mosque of Raqqa (Arabic: ٱلْجَامِع ٱلْكَبِير فِي ٱلرَّقَّة, romanized: al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr fi ar-Raqqah) or Al-Qadim Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْقَدِيم
Great_Mosque_of_Raqqa
Turkish-Armenian far-left revolutionary
eventually died in combat against the Islamic State during the Battle of Raqqa. Ozanyan's birth name was Fermun Çırak. He later adopted a great number
Nubar_Ozanyan
Offensive
goal of recapturing the Maskanah Plains from ISIL and advancing into the Raqqa Governorate. Between January and April 2017, the Syrian Army conducted an
Maskanah_Plains_offensive
Syrian journalist and activist
Hamoud Al-Mousa (born in Raqqa; 5 February 1993) is a Syrian journalist and activist. He is the co-founder and spokesperson for Raqqa is Being Slaughtered
Hamoud_Al-Mousa
Syrian politician and businessman (born 1971)
businessman, and former military commander who has served as Governor of Raqqa Governorate since 2026. He previously served as Secretary-General to the
Abdul_Rahman_Salama
Historic site in Raqqa, Syria
The Citadel of Raqqa was a medieval fortress located at the southwestern corner of al-Rāfiqa, the Abbasid-era section of Raqqa, Syria. Likely built in
Citadel_of_Raqqa
Russian-Canadian documentary filmmaker (born 1987)
Russians at War, Her War: Women vs. ISIS, Victims of ISIS, The Road to Raqqa, Congo, My Precious and others. Anastasia Trofimova was born in Moscow,
Anastasia_Trofimova
Clashes between the SDF and the Syrian government
of Suwayda and areas under the control of the DAANES, namely Hasakah and Raqqa, for "safety reasons". In response, the DAANES affirmed that the planned
SDF–Syrian transitional government clashes (2025–present)
SDF–Syrian_transitional_government_clashes_(2025–present)
Syrian journalist (born 1991)
(sometimes Aziz Alhamza, Abdul Aziz Al-Hamza, Abdel Aziz al-Hamza; born in Raqqa, 1991), is a Syrian journalist, human rights defender activist and IT trainer
Abdalaziz_Alhamza
Syrian military commander (1977–2017)
his parents from ISIL rule in August 2016, and the Raqqa campaign, including the Battle of Raqqa, where he was killed in action on 29 August 2017. Adnan
Adnan_Abu_Amjad
Turkmen Free Syrian Army militia
that it originated as remnant of a rebel group that had been active in Raqqa Governorate until being subsumed by the al-Nusra Front and ISIS in 2013
Muntasir_Billah_Brigade
University in Syria
mainly in Deir ez-Zor, which hosts the medical school, and has campuses in Raqqa and Al-Hasakah. Before 2011 it was the smallest public university in Syria
Al-Furat_University
English Kurdish militia member
member of the YPJ's combat media team and was present at the Battle of Raqqa in 2017. Kimberley Taylor was born in 1989. Her father Phil is a former
Kimmie_Taylor
Emirate of Aleppo dynasty from 1014 to 1080
By 1022, he expanded this realm to include the twin Euphrates cities of Raqqa and al-Rafiqa. Aziz al-Dawla was killed that year and a period of chaos
Mirdasid_dynasty
Country in West Asia
IS's capital Raqqa suffered extensive damage during the battle of Raqqa in June–October 2017
Syria
Terrorist attack in Sydney, Australia
Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar) Al-Shaddadi Khanasir Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr) Palmyra (Mar) N Aleppo (Mar–Jun) Hīt Tipo-Tipo Sirte Ar-Rutbah N Raqqa Fallujah (May–Jun)
2025_Bondi_Beach_shooting
Canyon in Raqqa Governorate, Syria
Suluk Subdistrict, Tell Abyad District, Raqqa Governorate, Syria. It is about 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of Raqqa and circa 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast
Houtat_Sulūk
born 1950) is a Syrian bureaucrat and politician who served as Governor of Raqqa from 2012 to 2013. Jalali was born in Ayn al-Tineh, Quneitra Governorate
Hassan_Jalali
Syrian rebel group
Liwa Umana al-Raqqa, also known as the "Brigade of the Trustees of Raqqa" was an armed Syrian rebel group participating in the Syrian Civil War established
Liwa_Umana_al-Raqqa
American intervention in the Syrian civil war and conflict
Raqqa offensive. In March 2017, the Trump administration deployed an additional 400 US Marines to Syria to expand the fight against ISIL in the Raqqa
United States intervention in Syria
United_States_intervention_in_Syria
American aid worker and ISIS captive (1988–2015)
Delta Force and 75th Ranger Regiment) raided an abandoned oil refinery near Raqqa in an unsuccessful attempt to find reporter James Foley (whom ISIS later
Kayla_Mueller
Town in Raqqa, Syria
Al-Karamah (Arabic: الكرامة) is a Syrian town located in Raqqa District, 26 km east of Raqqa city. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics
Al-Karamah,_Raqqa_Governorate
supported the Syrian Democratic Forces in the attack on the ISIS base in Raqqa. Photos showing TQILA masked militants holding a banner reading "These faggots
LGBTQ_rights_in_Kurdistan
(Islamic religious police) Abu Jandal al-Masri, Chief of Information in Raqqa, Egyptian. Abu Suleyman al-Firansi - Moroccan, former soldier of the French
List_of_Islamic_State_members
British volunteer with the Kurdish YPG militia
militia who fought against ISIL in Syria from August 2017 until his death in Raqqa on 25 November 2017 while clearing mines from the city. Hall, who was 24
Oliver_Hall_(YPG_fighter)
Italian soldier and author
participating in the Siege of Kobanê and serving as a commander in the Battle of Raqqa (2017). Karim Marcello Franceschi was born in Morocco to an Italian father
Karim_Franceschi
Theater in the Syrian civil war
Islamist-controlled areas in the governorate of al-Hasakah and some parts of Raqqa and Aleppo governorates after al-Qaeda in Syria used those areas to attack
Rojava–Islamist_conflict
Football club
Syrian football club based in Raqqa. It was founded in 1962. They play their home games at the Raqqa Stadium. In 2016 Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently
Al-Shabab_SC_(Syria)
International leftist guerilla forces in Syria
Forces Mehmet Kurnaz (Ulaş Bayraktaroglu), who was killed in combat on the Raqqa Front while fighting the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. They define
International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces
International_Revolutionary_People's_Guerrilla_Forces
Syrian jihadi (1973–2018)
Levant governor of Raqqa, Syria as of July 2015. He used to be governor of Aleppo province. Abu Luqman was born in as-Sahl village in Raqqa province. He studied
Abu_Luqman
This is a list of MPs elected of the People's Assembly for the 2024 term, following the parliamentary elections held on 15 July 2024. The election took
List of members of the People's Assembly, 2024–2025
List_of_members_of_the_People's_Assembly,_2024–2025
positions of Islamic State (ISIL) cells in the Al-Rusafa desert, north-east of Raqqa. A Syrian government military convoy comprising at least 100 soldiers of
Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)
Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)
Castle in Raqqa Governorate, Syria
Turkish: Caber Kalesi) is a castle on the left bank of Euphrates Lake in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. Its site, formerly a prominent hill-top overlooking
Qal'at_Ja'bar
American journalist (1973–2014)
drones. When Delta Force commandos landed in the eastern Syrian city of Raqqa, they were met with gunfire, and it became apparent that the hostages had
James_Foley_(journalist)
Mainly-Kurdish militia in Syria
into the war effort. In 2016–2017, the SDF's Raqqa campaign led to the liberation of the city of Raqqa, the Islamic State's de facto capital. Several
People's_Defense_Units
Stoic philosopher, Roman emperor from 161 to 180
The Euphrates River near Raqqa, Syria
Marcus_Aurelius
Islamic Shrine in Raqqa, Syria
ٱلْقَرَنِيّ, romanized: Masjid ʾUways al-Qaranīy) was a Twelver Shi'a mosque in Raqqa, Syria, until it was demolished by the Islamic State on May 31, 2014. As
Uwais_al-Qarni_Mosque
2024 mass shooting and explosion in Krasnogorsk, Russia
Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar) Al-Shaddadi Khanasir Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr) Palmyra (Mar) N Aleppo (Mar–Jun) Hīt Tipo-Tipo Sirte Ar-Rutbah N Raqqa Fallujah (May–Jun)
Crocus_City_Hall_attack
Jordanian pilot murdered by ISIL in 2015
fighter aircraft crashed over Syria. Al-Kasasbeh's fighter jet crashed near Raqqa, Syria, on 24 December 2014 during the military intervention against the
Muath_al-Kasasbeh
government in Damascus to reassert control over Al-Hasakah, Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa Governorates. 19 January – Around 120 members of Islamic State held in al-Aqtan
2026_in_Syria
British volunteer with the Kurdish YPG militia (1993-2017)
militia who fought against ISIL in Syria from January 2015 until his death in Raqqa on 23 October 2017 while clearing mines from the city. Holmes was a former
Jac_Holmes
2014 IS offensive in northern Syria during the Syrian Civil War
control of a few dozen villages it seized in the northwestern part of the Raqqa Governorate. In late June 2015, IS launched a new offensive against the
Siege_of_Kobanî
Subdistrict in Raqqa, Syria
Nahiyah (Subdistrict) located in Tabqa District in Raqqa Governorate, situated south-west of Raqqa and the Euphrates river. The subdistrict is bounded
Al-Mansurah Subdistrict, Raqqa
Al-Mansurah_Subdistrict,_Raqqa
Town in Raqqa, Syria
Ma'adan (Arabic: معدان) is a Syrian town in Raqqa District, Raqqa. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ma'adan had a population
Ma'adan
Yazidi militia formed in Iraq in 2007
15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016. "Şengal's YJŞ: heading for al-Raqqa to liberate Yazidi women". Hawar News Agency. 3 July 2017. Archived from
Sinjar_Resistance_Units
De facto autonomous region in Syria
and Jazira regions as well as the local civil councils in the regions of Raqqa, Tabqa, and Deir ez-Zor. In December 2023, the region adopted a new constitution
Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Democratic_Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria
Cooperation and assistance given to ISIS
to take Raqqa by the Syrian Democratic Forces, whose main component is the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG), some Syrian Arabs in Raqqa sided with
Collaboration with the Islamic State
Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State
Large-scale military campaign to recapture Mosul from the Islamic State
of Mosul was concurrent with the Battle of Sirte (2016) in Libya and the Raqqa campaign (2016–17) conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against
Battle_of_Mosul_(2016–2017)
Syrian journalist
filmmaker, editor and both a co-founder and filmmaker for the organization Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently in Gaziantep, Turkey. He was known for his
Naji_al_Jerf
Syrian former commander
campaign to capture Raqqa from ISIL. In May 2017, he led the negotiations with Jabhat Thuwar al-Raqqa to get them to join the Raqqa campaign. After promising
Hussam_Awak
Town in Raqqa, Syria
Al-Mansurah (Arabic: المنصورة) is a Syrian town located in Al-Tabqah District, Raqqa. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Mansurah
Al-Mansurah, Raqqa Governorate
Al-Mansurah,_Raqqa_Governorate
rural areas: 11 Al-Quneitura: 14 Daraa: 15 As-Suweyda': 16 Aleppo: 21 Ar-Raqqa: 22 Idlib: 23 Homs: 31 Hamah: 33 Latakia: 41 Tartous: 43 Deir Az-Zour: 51
Telephone_numbers_in_Syria
2017 battle of the Syrian civil war
(al-Thawrah), Tabqa Airbase, and the surrounding countryside during the 2016–2017 Raqqa campaign of the larger Rojava-Islamist conflict of the Syrian civil war
Battle_of_Tabqa
RAQQA
RAQQA
RAQQA
RAQQA
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Enclosure
Male
Turkish
Turkish name ENGIN means "vast."
Boy/Male
Irish
Dark wisdom.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shanmitha | ஷநà¯à®®à¯€à®¤à®¾
Wife of yavati
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful lady
Girl/Female
Tamil
Girl
Girl/Female
American, British, Chinese, Christian, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Romanian, Swedish
Pure; Form of Catherine; Virginal
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Succeed
Boy/Male
Australian, Hebrew
Peace
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shilavatia | ஷிலாவதியா
River
RAQQA
RAQQA
RAQQA
RAQQA
RAQQA