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Telecommunications performance metric
In antenna theory, radiation efficiency is a measure of how well a radio antenna converts the radio-frequency power accepted at its terminals into radiated
Radiation_efficiency
How efficiently a source produces visible light
luminous efficiency of a source, overall luminous efficiency or lighting efficiency. The main difference between the luminous efficacy of radiation and the
Luminous_efficacy
Telecommunications performance metric
performance parameter which combines the antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency. The term power gain has been deprecated by IEEE. In a transmitting
Gain_(antenna)
Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by the thermal motion of particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute
Thermal_radiation
Degree to which a process minimizes waste of resources
In thermodynamics: Energy conversion efficiency, measure of second law thermodynamic loss Radiation efficiency, ratio of radiated power to power absorbed
Efficiency
Directional variation in strength of radio waves
An antenna radiation pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) is the directional (angular) dependence of the field strength (sometimes also the
Radiation_pattern
Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
gap of that cell, and with 6000 K blackbody radiation coming from all directions. However, the 95% efficiency thereby achieved means that the electric power
Solar-cell_efficiency
Measure of how much of an antenna's signal is transmitted in one direction
An antenna's directivity is greater than its gain by an efficiency factor, radiation efficiency. Directivity is an important measure because many antennas
Directivity
Type of radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil
small loop antennas have small radiation resistance which is dwarfed by ohmic losses, resulting in a poor antenna efficiency. They are thus mainly used as
Loop_antenna
Extent to which an antenna is uniformly excited
It is not to be confused with radiation efficiency or antenna efficiency. Antenna [aperture] illumination efficiency is defined as "The ratio, usually
Illumination_efficiency
Antenna constructions for different applications
Halos' radiation pattern is mostly in-plane and nearly omnidirectional, about the same as small loops' radiation pattern. Halos' radiation efficiency is intermediate
Antenna_types
Ecological metric
optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in a maximum overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6%
Photosynthetic_efficiency
Surface on an antenna in electromagnetics
power P R {\displaystyle P_{\text{R}}} received by an antenna by the radiation efficiency η {\displaystyle \eta } of the antenna. P R {\displaystyle P_{\text{R}}}
Aperture_(antenna)
Ratio between the useful output and the input of a machine
mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat. The resulting value, η (eta), ranges between 0 and 1. Energy conversion efficiency depends on the usefulness
Energy_conversion_efficiency
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
light) is proportional to the blackbody radiation Qc. This rate of recombination plays a negative role in the efficiency. Shockley and Queisser calculate Qc
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Rhombus-shaped antenna
along the length of the conductors. Typical radiation efficiency is in the order of 40–50%. The low efficiency significantly reduces gain for a given main
Rhombic_antenna
Lower bound on the quality factor of small radio antennae
shrinks and radiation resistance becomes smaller compared to loss resistances that may be present, thus reducing the radiation efficiency. For users this
Chu–Harrington_limit
Instrument for measuring ionizing radiation
in radiation protection, assay of radioactive materials and physics research because they can be made inexpensively yet with good quantum efficiency, and
Scintillation_counter
Radio signal transmission equipment
not all of, the shortwave spectrum with good radiation efficiency and minimal compromise of the radiation pattern. Most practical broadband antennas compromise
Shortwave_broadband_antenna
Form of electromagnetic radiation
An X-ray is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays
X-ray
Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye
electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light (or simply light)
Visible_spectrum
Type of radio antenna
frequencies, even a 'T'-antenna can have very low radiation resistance, often less than 1 ohm, so the efficiency is limited by other resistances in the antenna
T-antenna
Device used to produce electricity from light
example infrared detectors), to detect light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible light range, as well as to measure light intensity. The
Solar_cell
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Ultraviolet radiation (UV; sometimes called ultraviolet light) is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 100–400 nanometers, shorter than that of
Ultraviolet
Topics referred to by the same term
stomach into the esophagus G = e R D {\displaystyle G=e_{R}\,D} : in radiation efficiency General Electric Research Laboratory, Schenectady, New York State
Gerd
Radio antenna; long wire suspended above the ground
where conventional impedance matching schemes are adequate. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is not changed, despite high resistance; if the antenna
Random_wire_antenna
Instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation
defense Geiger counters, handheld radiation monitors, both G-M and ion chambers Counting efficiency the ratio of radiation events reaching a detector and
Geiger_counter
Radio antenna on a vehicle for wireless keys
multi-antenna systems (shark-fin design). These antenna types differ in radiation efficiency, bandwidth, sensitivity to the ground plane, and suitability for
Automotive RKE receiver antenna
Automotive_RKE_receiver_antenna
British audio equipment manufacturer
benefits such as a controlled directivity pattern and increased radiation efficiency. Uniform Dispersion (UD) Waveguide II: Building on the UD Waveguide
Monitor_Audio
Range of light usable for photosynthesis
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms
Photosynthetically active radiation
Photosynthetically_active_radiation
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than
Infrared
Quality metric for imaging detectors
the radiation dose efficiency of a detector since the required radiation exposure to a patient (and therefore the biological risk from that radiation exposure)
Detective_quantum_efficiency
Part of a Geiger counter
generation of avalanches. Too low a pressure and the efficiency of interaction with incident radiation is reduced. Too high a pressure, and the “mean free
Geiger–Müller_tube
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted in this manner are called
Photoelectric_effect
Antenna with a fractal shape
structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Such fractal antennas are
Fractal_antenna
measurement of ionising radiation the counting efficiency is the ratio between the number of particles or photons counted with a radiation counter and the number
Counting_efficiency
Type of electrical resistance from an antenna
antenna efficiency, the radiation resistance and loss resistance must be referred to the same point on the antenna, often the input terminals. Radiation resistance
Radiation_resistance
SI unit of luminous intensity
emits one candela, but does not specify the luminous efficiency function for weighting radiation at other frequencies. Such a source could then be used
Candela
Set of multiple antennas which work together
pattern synthesis. Additional issues to be considered are matching, radiation efficiency and bandwidth. The design of an electronically steerable antenna
Antenna_array
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm
Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves but longer than infrared waves. Its wavelength ranges
Microwave
Class of antennas
arrays. Metamaterial, high-impedance groundplanes can also improve radiation efficiency and axial ratio performance of low-profile antennas located close
Metamaterial_antenna
Omnidirectional circular bent dipole antenna
distinct from the small-loop antenna in size, radiation resistance, and efficiency, but their radiation patterns are nearly the same. A halo antenna is
Halo_antenna
Solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface
Diffuse sky radiation, is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates
Diffuse_sky_radiation
Use of sunlight for water heating with a solar thermal collector
its environment, due to heat loss from conduction, convection and radiation. Efficiency (the proportion of heat energy retained for a predefined time period)
Solar_water_heating
Type of antenna
reflector is concave (ellipsoidal) in shape. Aperture efficiency over 70% can be achieved. The radiation pattern of the feed antenna has to be tailored to
Parabolic_antenna
Device that emits light via optical amplification
of electromagnetic radiation. The word laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The first laser was
Laser
Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz –
Terahertz_radiation
Making devices resist ionizing radiation
malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high-energy electromagnetic radiation), especially for environments in outer
Radiation_hardening
Devices generating electricity from radioisotope decay
Henry Moseley first demonstrated a current generated by charged-particle radiation. Since RCA's initial nuclear research and development in the early 1950s
Atomic_battery
Monopole antenna
frequency range, achieving efficiencies of 70-80% where other VLF antenna designs have efficiency of 15-30% due to the low radiation resistance of the very
Umbrella_antenna
Light with 15-1000 μm wavelength
specific range within the infrared spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. It encompasses radiation with wavelengths ranging from 15 μm (micrometers) to 1 mm
Far_infrared
1954 U.S. thermonuclear weapon test in the Marshall Islands
caused local radiation decoupling and hence poor radiation reflection by the hohlraum. Radiation decoupling in turn reduced locally the efficiency of the ablation
Castle_Bravo
use other formulations such as energy modes, radiation modes, stored energy modes or radiation efficiency modes. Garbacz, R.J. (1965). "Modal expansions
Characteristic_mode_analysis
Device designed to create radiative heat
through electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the temperature of the emitter, the wavelength of the peak of the infrared radiation ranges from 750 nm to
Infrared_heater
Two-conductor flat cable used to carry radio frequency signals
with rigid aluminum or copper pipe. As a transmission line, transmission efficiency will be maximum when the impedance of the antenna, the characteristic
Twin-lead
Device for concentrating solar radiation using luminescence
concentrating radiation, solar radiation in particular, to produce electricity. Luminescent solar concentrators operate on the principle of collecting radiation over
Luminescent solar concentrator
Luminescent_solar_concentrator
Measurement for ionizing radiation
been measured as decayed. The efficiency of the radiation detector and its relative position to the source of radiation must be accounted for when relating
Counts_per_minute
Transmission of sound through indirect pathways in buildings
measuring or predicting radiation efficiency, including both resonant and non-resonant components, as well as the radiation efficiency generated by airborne
Flanking_transmission
Maximum energy available for use
to the conversion of radiation fluxes, and in particular, solar radiation. For example, Bejan stated that “Petela’s efficiency is no more than a convenient
Exergy
Regions of an electromagnetic field
of radiation scattering off an object. Non-radiative near-field behaviors dominate close to the antenna or scatterer, while electromagnetic radiation far-field
Near_and_far_field
{\displaystyle (1-|\Gamma _{a}^{t}|^{2})} . Since antennas in general have radiation efficiency 0 ≤ ϵ ≤ 1 {\displaystyle 0\leq \epsilon \leq 1} , the normalized
Total active reflection coefficient
Total_active_reflection_coefficient
phones, and various other electronic devices, emit radiation which consists of non-ionising radiation or radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF)
Wireless device radiation and health
Wireless_device_radiation_and_health
antenna radiation efficiency. Impedance Z A , m o n o = 1 2 Z A , D i p o l e {\displaystyle Z_{A,mono}={\frac {1}{2}}Z_{A,Dipole}} Radiation Resistance
Dual-band_blade_antenna
Energy released in nuclear weapons explosions
is the amount of energy released such as blast, thermal, and nuclear radiation, when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated. It is usually expressed
Nuclear_weapon_yield
Physical quantity of hot and cold
efficiency in terms of temperature: For TC = 0 K the efficiency is 100% and that efficiency becomes greater than 100% below 0 K. Since an efficiency greater
Temperature
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, transfer of energy by phase changes, and evaporative cooling. Engineers
Heat_transfer
Undesirable presence of radioactive substances
concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted, the type of radiation, and the proximity of the contamination to organs of
Radioactive_contamination
Telecommunications device
ohms, for which the transmitter is optimally designed for power output, efficiency, and low distortion. If the load seen by the transmitter departs from
Antenna_tuner
High-frequency radio antenna
inherent conductor loss in dielectric resonators. This leads to high radiation efficiency of the antenna. This feature is especially attractive for millimeter
Dielectric_resonator_antenna
gain Directivity Efficiency Electrical length Equivalent radius Factor Friis transmission equation Gain Height Radiation pattern Radiation resistance Radio
Antenna_rotator
Type of radiological weapon
rain of radioactive material from a typical fission bomb, a dirty bomb's radiation can be dispersed only within a few hundred meters or a few miles of the
Dirty_bomb
Heat from a current in an electric conductor
lattice oscillations). The oscillations of the ions are the origin of the radiation ("thermal energy") that one measures in a typical experiment. Joule heating
Joule_heating
Quantitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources
beta-radiation. Thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) has two principal advantages: It can be produced in large crystals, yielding good efficiency, and
Gamma_spectroscopy
Pakistani Guided MLRS family
also stated that "The training fire was conducted to enhance operational efficiency of the troops and validate technical parameters of various sub-systems
Fatah (multiple rocket launcher)
Fatah_(multiple_rocket_launcher)
Radio frequency not deliberately created
gain Directivity Efficiency Electrical length Equivalent radius Factor Friis transmission equation Gain Height Radiation pattern Radiation resistance Radio
Spurious_emission
Wireless specification for communication between medical devices
Maxim; Karban, Pavel; Sauleau, Ronan (2018-02-28). "Electromagnetic Radiation Efficiency of Body-Implanted Devices". Physical Review Applied. 9 (2) 024033
Medical Device Radiocommunications Service
Medical_Device_Radiocommunications_Service
Surface with certain thermo-radiative properties
temperature and/or efficiency. The selectivity is defined as the ratio of solar radiation absorption (αsol) to thermal infrared radiation emission (εtherm)
Selective_surface
Atmospheric heat retention
shortwave radiation (sunlight) that passes through greenhouse gases to heat the Earth's surface. In response, the Earth's surface emits longwave radiation that
Greenhouse_effect
Research apparatus for particle physics
magnetic field emit very bright and coherent photon beams via synchrotron radiation. It has numerous uses in the study of atomic structure, chemistry, condensed
Particle_accelerator
Radio aerial composed of directly-connected and passive elements
electromagnetically with the driven element, and serve to modify the radiation pattern of the antenna, directing the radio waves in one direction, increasing
Driven_and_parasitic_elements
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
laboratory to have demonstrated a fusion energy gain factor above one, but efficiencies orders of magnitude higher are required to reach engineering breakeven
Fusion_power
Acoustics of Friction
roughness noise. This noise is largely broad-band near the surface, and radiation efficiency and material geometry dictates which frequency content is radiated
Friction_Acoustics
Property of photosensitive devices
The quantum efficiency (QE) of a photodetector is a measure of its electrical response to light. Another name for it is incident photon to converted electron
Quantum_efficiency
Radiation detector
detectors are radiation detection instruments used in particle physics to detect the presence of ionizing particles, and in radiation protection applications
Gaseous_ionization_detector
Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero
pressure (see Gay-Lussac's law), or the wavelength of its emitted black-body radiation. Absolute temperature is also useful when calculating chemical reaction
Thermodynamic_temperature
Passive solar building
efficiency of the system is comparable to a good active solar heating system. PV, Photovoltaic for electrical production converts 15%-20% radiation to
Trombe_wall
Use of multiple antennas in radio
recent technology is holographic MIMO to realize high energy and spectral efficiency with very high spatial resolution. Holographic MIMO is a key conceptual
MIMO
Maximum possible efficiency of electrical power from sunlight
black-body radiation, the theoretical maximum efficiency is 43% whereas for a solar cell powered by the Sun's full concentrated radiation, the efficiency limit
Thermodynamic efficiency limit
Thermodynamic_efficiency_limit
2011 nuclear accident in Japan
of Atomic Radiation, "no adverse health effects among Fukushima residents have been documented that are directly attributable to radiation exposure from
Fukushima_nuclear_accident
Genus of bacteria
bacterium from the genus of Solibacillus which has been isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system from the International Space Station
Solibacillus_kalamii
Technology using sunlight for heat
The efficiency of heat engines increases with the temperature of the heat source. To achieve this in solar thermal energy plants, solar radiation is concentrated
Solar_thermal_energy
Practical physics application
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) produce light (or infrared radiation) by the recombination of electrons and electron holes in a semiconductor, a process
Light-emitting_diode_physics
New nuclear reactor technologies under development
generation IV reactors. The designs target improved safety, sustainability, efficiency, and cost. The World Nuclear Association in 2015 suggested that some might
Generation_IV_reactor
SI derived unit of illuminance
percentage known as the luminous efficiency. For example, a typical incandescent light bulb has a luminous efficiency of only about 2%. In reality, individual
Lux
Closed vessel in which fluid is heated
(indirect method) Direct method of boiler efficiency test is more usable or more common. Boiler efficiency = power out / power in = Q × (Hg − Hf) / (q
Boiler
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
radio waves into a beam or other desired radiation pattern. Strong directivity and good transmitting efficiency when transmitting are hard to achieve with
Antenna_(radio)
Type of heat exchanger; radiant body through water or other liquids
radiators transfer the bulk of their heat via convection instead of thermal radiation.[citation needed] The Roman hypocaust is the early example of a type of
Radiator
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
pressures are desirable for the best thermal efficiency. Nuclear thermal rockets are capable of higher efficiencies, but have low thrust, thanks to the low
Rocket_engine
Solar power cell with multiple band gaps from different materials
and atomic displacement. Still, MJ cells offer higher radiation resistance, higher efficiency and a lower temperature coefficient. Renewable energy portal
Multi-junction_solar_cell
Type of nuclear battery which generates electric current
isotope tritium. Unlike most nuclear power sources which use nuclear radiation to generate heat which then is used to generate electricity, betavoltaic
Betavoltaic_device
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
Girl/Female
Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Girl/Female
Danish, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Hindu
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Indian
Intercession, Mediation
Girl/Female
Hindu
Radiation from the diamonds
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Variation
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Tradition
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ratnaprabha | ரதà¯à®¨à®ªà¯à®°à®ªà®¾
Radiation from the diamonds
Ratnaprabha | ரதà¯à®¨à®ªà¯à®°à®ªà®¾
Boy/Male
Hindu
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Muslim
Mediation. Advocacy.
Girl/Female
Gaelic, Indian, Kannada
Tradition
Boy/Male
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intercession, Mediation
Boy/Male
Muslim
Mediation. Advocacy.
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Iranian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Oriya, Parsi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Angel; Fairy; Charitable Princess
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Name of an Old Sage; Lord of Heart
Female
Arthurian
, shapely (?)
Boy/Male
Vietnamese
Song.
Girl/Female
Indian
Moonlight
Female
Persian/Iranian
Persian name ARZU means "desire."
Female
Hebrew
(קֶש×ֶת) Hebrew name KESHET means "rainbow."
Boy/Male
Sikh
Life, Soul
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; possibly a habitational name from Witsett Farm near Leominster, Herefordshire.
Female
Polish
Polish form of German Ishild, IZOLDA means "ice battle."
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
n.
The disposition of the roots of a plant.
n.
The measurement of the force of solar radiation.
n.
Mediation.
n.
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing; modification; alternation; mutation; diversity; deviation; as, a variation of color in different lights; a variation in size; variation of language.
n.
Variety; gradation; degree.
adv.
By tradition.
n.
That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator.
n.
The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.
n.
The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.
n.
Emission of radiance.
n.
The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.
v. t.
To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down.
a.
Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.
n.
The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat.
n.
Eradication.
a.
Radiating; radiant.
adv.
Without variation.
a.
Pertaining to mediation; used in mediation; as, mediative efforts.
n.
The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the radication of habits.
n.
Radiation of light.