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quantum information theory, the quantum double model, proposed by Alexei Kitaev, is a lattice model that exhibits topological excitations. This model
Quantum_double_model
Physics experiment
beyond classical physics and take into account the quantum nature of light. A low-intensity double-slit experiment was first performed by G. I. Taylor
Double-slit_experiment
Quantum mechanical model
point, it is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics. Furthermore, it is one of the few quantum-mechanical systems for which an exact
Quantum_harmonic_oscillator
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
disciplines, including quantum chemistry, quantum biology, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe
Quantum_mechanics
Mathematical model for a quantum system
The quantum rotor model is a mathematical model for a quantum system. It can be visualized as an array of rotating electrons which behave as rigid rotors
Quantum_rotor_model
Non-mathematical introduction
Quantum mechanics is the study of matter and matter's interactions with energy on the scale of atomic and subatomic particles. By contrast, classical
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Process by which a quantum system takes on a definitive state
the Copenhagen interpretation, wave function collapse connects quantum to classical models, with a special role for the observer. By contrast, objective-collapse
Wave_function_collapse
Application of quantum theory mathematics to cognitive phenomena
Quantum cognition uses the mathematical formalism of quantum probability theory to model psychology phenomena when classical probability theory fails.
Quantum_cognition
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a real or theoretical computer that exploits quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement in an essential way. It is widely
Quantum_computing
Concept in quantum mechanics
energy spectrum for them. Semiconductor quantum wells can be realized in double heterostructures. The double heterostructure concept was proposed in 1963
Quantum_well
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
Topological quantum error correcting code
model translational invariance, which is useful for analytic study. The toric code is the simplest and most well studied of the quantum double models
Surface_code
Predecessor to modern quantum mechanics (1900–1925)
on Arnold Sommerfeld's enhancements to the Bohr model of the atom. The main tool of the old quantum theory was the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization condition
Old_quantum_theory
Model of quantum computing
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence
Quantum_circuit
Quantum mechanical phenomenon
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or
Quantum_tunnelling
Description of gravity using discrete values
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks unification of the theory of gravity with the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals
Quantum_gravity
Model in quantum optics
In quantum optics, the Jaynes–Cummings model (sometimes abbreviated JCM) is a theoretical model that describes the system of a two-level atom interacting
Jaynes–Cummings_model
Mathematical model in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes the movement of a free
Particle_in_a_box
Quantum physics thought experiment
demonstrates that no particle-propagation model consistent with relativity explains quantum theory. Like the double-slit experiment, Wheeler's concept has
Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment
Wheeler's_delayed-choice_experiment
Fringe hypothesis
The quantum mind or quantum consciousness is a group of hypotheses proposing that local physical laws and interactions from classical mechanics or connections
Quantum_mind
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the
Quantum_number
Physics phenomenon
Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others
Quantum_entanglement
Russian-American physicist (born 1963)
code and related quantum-double models provide toy models realizing anyons and long-range entanglement. His Kitaev honeycomb model is an exactly solvable
Alexei_Kitaev
Extension of the Bohr model
to formulate a model of the hydrogen atom which explained its line spectrum. In the next few years Arnold Sommerfeld extended the quantum rule to arbitrary
Bohr–Sommerfeld_model
Interdisciplinary research area
Quantum machine learning (QML) is the study of quantum algorithms for machine learning. It often refers to quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks
Quantum_machine_learning
Theory of the strong nuclear interactions
are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A large body of
Quantum_chromodynamics
Basic circuit in quantum computing
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit
Quantum_logic_gate
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
three-dimensional particle in a box model. The quantum dot absorption and emission features correspond to transitions between discrete quantum mechanically allowed energy
Quantum_dot
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
Type of monoidal category
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}(G)} corresponds to the anyons in Kitaev's quantum double model with input group G {\displaystyle G} . Associated to every compact
Modular_tensor_category
Classification scheme of hadrons
the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers
Quark_model
Quantum optical theoretical system
In quantum optics, the Tavis–Cummings model is a theoretical model to describe an ensemble of identical two-level atoms coupled symmetrically to a single-mode
Tavis–Cummings_model
Mathematics of a particle physics model
The Standard Model of particle physics is a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
quantum gravity, and cosmology. Supersymmetry has also been applied to high-energy physics, where a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model is
Supersymmetry
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max
Copenhagen_interpretation
Model of an energy potential in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics the delta potential is a potential well mathematically described by the Dirac delta function - a generalized function. Qualitatively
Delta_potential
Study of matter-light interactions at small scales
Bohr model to Hydrogen, and numerous other reasons, lead to an entirely new mathematical model of matter and light: quantum mechanics. Early models to explain
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic,_molecular,_and_optical_physics
Interdisciplinary theory behind quantum computing
Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science
Quantum_information_science
Loss of quantum coherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence due to a collapse of its wave function. It involves generally a loss of information of a system to
Quantum_decoherence
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that asserts that the universal wavefunction is objectively real, and that
Many-worlds_interpretation
of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. The major chapters of this history begin with the emergence of quantum ideas
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Concept in quantum mechanics
Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that fundamental entities of the universe, like photons and electrons, exhibit particle or wave
Wave–particle_duality
Dissipation in quantum systems
applications. In quantum dissipation, it is used as a simple model to study the dynamics of a dissipative particle confined in a double-well potential.
Quantum_dissipation
Straddle roller coaster at Six Flags New England
New England officially announced Quantum Accelerator on August 15, 2024. It is billed as New England's first double-launch straddle coaster. The coaster
Quantum Accelerator (roller coaster)
Quantum_Accelerator_(roller_coaster)
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
the Standard Model was driven by theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory for
Standard_Model
Type of quantum mechanics theory
hidden-variable theory is a deterministic model which seeks to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional, possibly
Hidden-variable_theory
Quantum chromodynamics on a lattice
Lattice QCD is a well-established non-perturbative approach to solving the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theory of quarks and gluons. It is a lattice gauge
Lattice_QCD
Elementary particle or quantum of light
φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such
Photon
Landau–Zener models The Luttinger liquid (the only exact quantum mechanical solution to a model including interparticle interactions) List of quantum-mechanical
List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions
List_of_quantum-mechanical_systems_with_analytical_solutions
Concept in theoretical mathematical physics
In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily
Quantum_spacetime
Deviations from local realism
theoretical physics, quantum nonlocality refers to the phenomenon by which the measurement statistics of a multipartite quantum system do not allow an
Quantum_nonlocality
Mathematical entity to describe the probability of each possible measurement on a system
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution
Quantum_state
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem
Quantum_cryptography
Formulation of quantum mechanics
The path integral formulation of quantum mechanics generalizes the action principle of classical mechanics. It replaces the classical notion of a single
Path_integral_formulation
2008 James Bond film by Marc Forster
Quantum of Solace is a 2008 action spy film and the twenty-second in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. Directed by Marc Forster and written
Quantum_of_Solace
Quantum mechanics taking into account particles near or at the speed of light
In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré-covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive
Relativistic quantum mechanics
Relativistic_quantum_mechanics
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
a process of asymptotic relaxation from quantum non-equilibrium to quantum equilibrium (ρ →|ψ|2). The double-slit experiment is an illustration of wave–particle
De_Broglie–Bohm_theory
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
known as spontaneous collapse models or dynamical reduction models, are proposed solutions to the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. As with other interpretations
Objective-collapse_theory
Mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics
relating the model to a non-interacting fermionic quantum field theory. In dimensions greater than four, the phase transition of the Ising model is described
Ising_model
Force resulting from the quantisation of a field
In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises
Casimir_effect
Basic unit of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit
Qubit
Theory in the philosophy of mind
entanglement, being "a particular type of acausal quantum correlations", was plausibly taken by Pauli as "a model for the relationship between mind and matter
Double-aspect_theory
Theoretical problem in quantum physics
In quantum mechanics, the measurement problem is the problem of definite outcomes: quantum systems have superpositions but quantum measurements only give
Measurement_problem
System in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics and scattering theory, the one-dimensional step potential is an idealized system used to model incident, reflected and transmitted
Step_potential
British and American actor and martial artist (born 1987)
Singwah Tan (born February 4, 1987) is a British actor, martial artist and model. He is known for his roles as Kung Jin in Mortal Kombat X: Generations,
Lewis_Tan
Quantum physics of light and matter in a cavity
applied to the development of quantum computers. Circuit quantum electrodynamics Superconducting radio frequency Dicke model Herbert Walther; Benjamin T
Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Cavity_quantum_electrodynamics
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
subject to quantum-level disorder—and not a fundamental interaction. The theory, based on string theory, black hole physics, and quantum information
Entropic_gravity
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
associated with situations A and B. The best known example of quantum interference is the double-slit experiment. In this experiment, matter waves from electrons
Wave_interference
Area of physical and philosophical debate
interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Quantum mechanics
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
Interpretations_of_quantum_mechanics
The timeline of quantum mechanics is a list of key events in the history of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry. The initiation
Timeline_of_quantum_mechanics
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their
Zero-point_energy
Idea that small causes can have large effects
predictability limit was originally estimated based on a doubling time of five days in real-world models. Since then, this finding has been documented in Charney
Butterfly_effect
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
In quantum computing, a quantum memory is the quantum-mechanical version of ordinary computer memory. Whereas ordinary memory stores information as binary
Quantum_memory
Study of categorified structures
field theory, there exist quantum categories. and quantum double groupoids. One can consider quantum double groupoids to be fundamental groupoids defined
Higher-dimensional_algebra
Quartic potential in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, the double-well potential is one of a number of quartic potentials for the exploration of various physical phenomena or mathematical
Double-well_potential
Class of theories in quantum mechanics
predictions of quantum mechanics, for which a few toy models have been proposed. In addition to being deterministic, superdeterministic models also postulate
Superdeterminism
Method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics
Hartree–Fock (HF) models to the Schrödinger equation. Molecular orbital theory and valence bond theory are the foundational theories of quantum chemistry. In
Molecular_orbital_theory
British ultralight trike
which it presumably crashed into the ocean. Quantum 462 Rotax 462 water cooled engine. Quantum 503 The base model, without a cockpit fairing and powered by
Pegasus_Quantum
Model of the atomic nucleus
less than the last one. This observation that there are specific magic quantum numbers of nucleons (2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126) that are more tightly
Nuclear_shell_model
2016 video game
Quantum Break is a 2016 action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by Remedy Entertainment and published by Microsoft Studios. The game
Quantum_Break
Branch of physics seeking to explain chaotic dynamical systems in terms of quantum theory
Quantum chaos is a branch of physics focused on how chaotic classical dynamical systems can be described in terms of quantum theory. The primary question
Quantum_chaos
Scientific field of study
spintronics and quantum computers. In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to appear
Physics
Quantum physics concept
In physics, complementarity is a conceptual aspect of quantum mechanics that Niels Bohr regarded as an essential feature of the theory. The complementarity
Complementarity_(physics)
Japanese-American nobel-winning physicist
Nambu–Goldstone bosons. This theorem became a central feature of many quantum field theories and models of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In 1965, within a short
Yoichiro_Nambu
Thought experiment in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment concerning quantum superposition. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat in a closed
Schrödinger's_cat
Quantum mechanical state change
transitions cannot be modeled with a classical electromagnetic field, even with quantum-mechanical treatment of the atom. The stationary quantum states of an atom
Spontaneous_emission
Relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation
M. D. (2014). Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107034730. Davydov, A.S. (1976). Quantum Mechanics. Pergamon
Dirac_equation
Quantum mechanics principle
In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e., fermions) cannot simultaneously
Pauli_exclusion_principle
Class of quantum field theory models
In quantum field theory, a nonlinear σ model describes a field Σ that takes on values in a nonlinear manifold called the target manifold T. The non-linear
Non-linear_sigma_model
Apparent lack of definite state before measurement of quantum systems
reduced by better equipment or accounted for by statistical error models. In quantum mechanics, however, indeterminacy is of a much more fundamental nature
Quantum_indeterminacy
frequently used in quantum mechanics and have any meaning. Rectangular potential barrier Delta potential (aka "contact potential") Double delta potential
List of quantum-mechanical potentials
List_of_quantum-mechanical_potentials
Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained
mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are those mathematical formalisms that permit a rigorous description of quantum mechanics. This mathematical
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
interpretation of quantum mechanics, a local hidden-variable theory is a hidden-variable theory that satisfies the principle of locality. These models attempt to
Local_hidden-variable_theory
Similar behavior of quantum systems to droplets bouncing on a fluid
In physics, the hydrodynamic quantum analogs refer to experimentally-observed phenomena involving bouncing fluid droplets over a vibrating fluid bath
Hydrodynamic_quantum_analogs
One of two foundational theories of quantum chemistry
molecular orbital (MO) theory, that were developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to describe chemical bonding. It focuses on how the atomic orbitals
Valence_bond_theory
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter (quantum optics). As in
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. It is named after
Schrödinger_equation
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
philosophy of physics, QBism (pronounced "cubism") is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that takes an agent's actions and experiences as the central
QBism
Fermion that is its own antiparticle
operator γ j † {\displaystyle \gamma _{j}^{\dagger }} creates a fermion in quantum state j {\displaystyle j} (described by a real wave function), whereas
Majorana_fermion
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
Boy/Male
Latin Biblical
Born fourth.
Biblical
fourth
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a variant of the medieval personal name Tebald, Tibalt (see Theobald).
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : variant of Double.In some cases, probably an altered spelling of South German Dobel or Döbel, a topographic name for someone who lived in a gorge or deep valley, Middle High German southern dialect tobel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Wombwell in South Yorkshire, named with the Old English byname Wamba meaning ‘belly’ (or this word used in a transferred topographical sense) + Old English well(a) ‘spring’, ‘stream’.
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, French, German, Latin, Shakespearean, Swedish
Born Fifth
Girl/Female
Christian, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Money
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Dibble.Altered spelling of German Deibel or Deubel.
Male
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Latin nobilis, NOBLE means "noble."
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fourth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a variant of Goble or Gobel.Perhaps an Americanized spelling of French Gobeil.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval personal name Dobbe, one of several pet forms of Robert in which the initial letter was altered. Compare Hobbs.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Dubhghall, DOYLE means "black stranger."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Calm
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname from Old French doubel ‘twin’ (literally ‘double’, from Late Latin duplus, classical Latin duplex, from du(o) ‘two’ + plek, a root meaning ‘fold’).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dowdell.Possibly an altered spelling of German Daudel, Dautel, variants of Dietz.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Coble.Americanized spelling of German Kobel.
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a reduced form of the Germanic personal name Hildo (see Hildebrand, Houde).French : habitational name from any of several places in Normandy called La Houle or Les Houles, named in Old French with the singular or plural of houle ‘cave’.English : variant of Hole.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Money; Russian Currency
Boy/Male
Hindu
Born during the rainy season, Money
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Friendly
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
God of wine.
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Latin, Spanish, Swedish
Of the Heavens; Heavenly; Divine; Of Sky
Biblical
plenitude; circumcision;full;God does fill; fulfilling; plenitude;
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Small; Humble
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Dawn
Male
English
 Middle English name HAIG means "to cut, to chop." Compare with another form of Haig.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Latin
Form of Tea; Tailor
Girl/Female
Hindu
Graceful
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Durga
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
QUANTUM DOUBLE-MODEL
n.
That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold.
imp. & p. p.
of Double
v. t.
To load with a double charge, as of gunpowder.
v. t.
To double the natural darkness of (a place).
adv.
Twice; doubly.
adv.
In twice the quantity; to twice the degree; as, doubly wise or good; to be doubly sensible of an obligation.
adv.
In a double degree; doubly.
a.
Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.
n.
One who, or that which, doubles.
n.
The state of being double or doubled.
n.
Double-quick time, step, or march.
n.
A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for doubles.
a.
To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; to double a sum of money; to double a number, or length.
n.
Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet, 2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred.
n.
The act of one that doubles; a making double; reduplication; also, that which is doubled.
n.
Double beer; strong beer.
pl.
of Quantum
a.
To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.