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Historical racial classification
In the colonial societies of the Americas and Australia, a Quadroon (/kwɑːˈdruːn/ kwah-DROON) or Quarteron (Quarter-Caste in the United Kingdom and Australia)
Quadroon
Civil union in French slave colonies
formalized form of plaçage as well as the famous quadroon balls to New Orleans. Monique Guillory writes about quadroon balls that took place in New Orleans, the
Plaçage
Short story by Lydia Maria Child
"The Quadroons" is a short story written by American writer Lydia Maria Child (1802–1880) and published in The Liberty Bell in 1842. The influential short
The_Quadroons
Persons of partial African and European descent who were not enslaved
woman of mixed European and African ancestry would attend dances known as "quadroon balls" to meet white gentlemen willing to provide for her and any children
Free_people_of_color
Biblical curse imposed on Canaan
painting depicts a black grandmother, mulatta mother, white father and their quadroon child, hence three generations of racial hypergamy through whitening.
Curse_of_Ham
Islands and coastal region surrounded by the Caribbean Sea
populations of mixed racial origin (including Mulatto-Creole, Dougla, Mestizo, Quadroon, Cholo, Castizo, Criollo, Zambo, Pardo, Chindian, Cocoa panyols, and Eurasian)
Caribbean
1859 play by Dion Boucicault
Both were anti-slavery works. Boucicault adapted the play from the novel Quadroon (1856) by Thomas Mayne Reid. It explores the lives of free whites, and
The_Octoroon
Racial classification
Mixed Dominicans, also referred to as mulatto, mestizo or historically quadroon, are Dominicans who are of mixed racial ancestry. Dominican Republic has
Mulatto
Interbreeding of different races or ethnic groups
painting depicts a black grandmother, mulatta mother, white father and their quadroon child, hence three generations of hypergamy through racial whitening.
Miscegenation
Type of biracial person
1937 refer to it in various terms, including as a person with less than quadroon blood. Following the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901, Attorney-General
Half-caste
Stereotypical fictional character in 19th and 20th century American literature
critique the social and moral consequences of slavery. The female tragic quadroon was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a light-skinned woman
Tragic_mulatto
Historic American term; light-skinned person with white and black ancestors
Mixed-race Racial isolates in the United States One-drop rule Passing Quadroon Redbone Sambo Dalzell, Tom (2009). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American
High_yellow
American actress and singer (born 1956)
in Jamaica who bequeathed his entire property “Ginger Hall” to his free quadroon wife, Mary Robinson, and their children. She was raised between Mandeville
Sheryl_Lee_Ralph
Ideology in Brazil, prominent from 1889–1914
painting depicts a black grandmother, mulata mother, white father and their quadroon child, hence three generations of racial hypergamy though whitening.
Racial_whitening
French general (1842–1922)
French forces during the First and Second Franco-Dahomean War. As both a quadroon and Métis, he was famed in the African diaspora at the beginning of the
Alfred-Amédée_Dodds
Trinidadians and Tobagonians of African descent
colonial era, terms such as Mulatto, Creole, Dougla, Zambo, Maroon, Pardo, Quadroon, Octoroon, and Hexadecaroon (Quintroon) were used to classify people based
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Afro–Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians
Slavery with the intention of using the slaves for sex
" Noël Voltz (May 2008). Black Female Agency and Sexual Exploitation: Quadroon Balls and Plaçage Relationships (PDF) (Senior Honors thesis). The Ohio
Sexual_slavery
State of living together as spouses while unmarried
Free woman of color with her quadroon daughter; late 18th century collage painting, New Orleans
Concubinage
American painter
York City Turkey Pasture in Kentucky, 1878 The Dandelion Girl, 1879 The Quadroon, 1880, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art New York City The Gathering
George_Fuller_(painter)
Mother of Ronald Reagan (1883-1962)
plays. In 1913, she performed in Lizzie May Elwyn's melodrama Millie, the Quadroon; or, Out of Bondage, an historical drama set in the Antebellum south. Nelle
Nelle_Wilson_Reagan
African-American sex slaves
250, $1,250, and $1,500, while a Dominie DeVerbois paid $1,800 for "A quadroon, Chloe, aged twelve and warranted a slave for life". Advertisements for
Fancy_girl
including mulatto, mulatress, mulâtress créole, free person of color, and quadroon. The pope's paternal grandfather from Italy, and paternal grandmother from
Family_of_Pope_Leo_XIV
11th US national census
relationship to head of family race, described as white, black, mulatto, quadroon, octoroon, Chinese, Japanese, or Indian sex age marital status married
1890_United_States_census
Slave of Thomas Jefferson (c. 1773–1835)
true, Hemings was of 3/4 European and 1/4 African descent, making her a quadroon according to contemporary American racial classification. This aligns with
Sally_Hemings
the prominent Grandissime family of New Orleans Honoré Grandissime, the quadroon half-brother of the white Honoré Grandissime Joseph Frowenfeld, a Philadelphia
The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life
The_Grandissimes:_A_Story_of_Creole_Life
British novelist and tutor (1818–1883)
the Himalayas, and Jamaica. He was an admirer of Lord Byron. His novel Quadroon (1856), an anti-slavery work, was later adapted as a play entitled The
Thomas_Mayne_Reid
People of multiple races
Coloured, Dougla, half-caste, Melungeon, mestizo, Métis, mulatto and pardo, quadroon and octoroon, sacatra, sambo/zambo, and so on. A number of these once-acceptable
Multiracial_people
Mixed-race individuals in the Spanish Empire
Caucasian Amerindian Casta White Latin American Spaniards Cholo Mestizo Quadroon Peninsulares Pronunciation in Latin American Spanish: [kasˈtiso] Vinson
Castizo
American actress, television personality, comedian (born 1954)
business partner in Shear Enterprises. They live in St. Petersburg, Florida. Quadroon (1971) J.D.'s Revenge (1976) Galaxina (1980) Party Games for Adults Only
Rhonda_Shear
Racial ideology favouring white skin
painting depicts a black grandmother, mulatta mother, white father and their quadroon child, hence three generations of racial hypergamy through whitening.
Blanqueamiento
Ethnic group
Ricans who are "evenly mixed" can accurately be described as "Mulatto", "Quadroon", or Tri-racial, very similar to mixed populations in Cuba and the Dominican
Puerto_Ricans
Self-identification collected by the US census
questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", "Quadroon", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or "Indian". During 1900, the "Color
Race and ethnicity in the United States census
Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census
1910 comic opera by Rida Johnson Young and Victor Herbert
bound for New Orleans. Étienne's father shares in his profits, and his quadroon slave mistress Adah knows Étienne's secret. Captain Dick Warrington and
Naughty_Marietta_(operetta)
Historical American social class
Free woman of color with quadroon daughter (also free); late 18th-century collage painting, New Orleans.
Free_Blacks
Free-born African American kidnapped by slave-traders
principle of partus sequitur ventrem. Solomon described his mother as a quadroon, meaning that she was one-quarter African, and three-quarters European
Solomon_Northup
Decennial census mandated by the US Constitution
174) New York, NY (1,515,301) Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Black, Mulatto, Quadroon, Octaroon, White Because it was believed that the frontier region of the
United_States_census
American actor
Witness 1965 High Yellow Joseph 1971 Fairplay Jefferson Washington 1971 Quadroon Jacques 1973 Don't Look in the Basement Sam 1973 The Pickle Goes in the
William_McGhee
American actress (born 1954)
instant regional pop/R&B hit. McKee wrote the title song for the film Quadroon, in which her sister Katherine McKee starred, when she was fifteen. Several
Lonette_McKee
Enchanted Evening on the Auction Block: The Cultural Legacy of the New Orleans Quadroon Balls, PhD dissertation, New York University Sublette, Ned; Sublette, Constance
Slavery_in_the_United_States
American businesswoman and housekeeper (died 1884)
Mary Lincoln. American poet Carl Sandburg described Smith as "a comely quadroon with Caucasian features and a skin of light-gold tint, a Roman Catholic
Lydia_Hamilton_Smith
French-born actress and dancer
Duval as mixed-race and identified as métisse, mulatto, creole or negress, quadroon. Jeanne Duval was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti on 18 November 1818 under
Jeanne_Duval
American dramatist
centuries. Her plays addressed slavery and temperance. Her play Millie the Quadroon is set in the Southern United States before the abolition of slavery, and
Lizzie_May_Elwyn
Short story by Kate Chopin
Eventually they realize that the baby's skin is the same color as that of a quadroon (one-quarter African)—the baby has African ancestry. Because of Désirée's
Désirée's_Baby
Ethnic group
was classified as mulatto, with one black grandparent and three white as quadroon, and with one black great-grandparent and the remainder white as octoroon
Multiracial_Americans
When a person classified as one race is accepted as another
be mixed-race) bore mixed-race children who were deemed "mulattos", "quadroons", "octoroons", or "hexadecaroons" based on their percentage of "black
Passing_(racial_identity)
American nun
of mixed race: her father was a white man from France, her mother was a quadroon, and her maternal grandfather was a white man from Spain. Henriette DeLille
Henriette_DeLille
1826 historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper
"descended, remotely" from slaves. Scholars have sometimes termed Cora a quadroon, but Cooper may have imagined her with even less African ancestry. Diane
The_Last_of_the_Mohicans
quantity, quantum quart- fourth Latin quartus inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte, quarter, quartermaster, quartet
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Socially prominent black and mixed-race people
Meacham Gould, University of Georgia Press, 1998. "Tripod Mythbusters: Quadroon Balls and Plaçage". wwno.org. Retrieved October 11, 2020. Graham, Lawrence
Black_elite
Poem by Walt Whitman
to the surgeon's table, What is removed drops horribly in a pail; The quadroon girl is sold at the auction-stand, the drunkard nods by the bar-room stove
Song_of_Myself
American actor and songwriter (1896–1990)
"My Pretty Quadroon" Round-Up Time in Texas (1937) – writer: "When the Bloom Is on the Sage" Jezebel (1938) – writer: "My Pretty Quadroon" Western Jamboree
Fred_Howard_Wright
American-born French novelist and playwright (1817–1874)
Saint-Domingue (today's Haiti), and Eloisa Philippe Ferrand, a New Orleans-born quadroon. His parents were wealthy and had him educated in a private school. There
Victor_Séjour
Haitian army officer and statesman (1807–18)
wealthy French father and Ursula, a free mulatto woman, which made him a quadroon (a quarter African ancestry). Like other gens de couleur libres (free people
Alexandre_Pétion
American politician
first person of color to hold both offices and despite his mixed heritage (quadroon), he was one of the few people of color to serve in the bureaucracy of
Alexander_Dimitry
black, a Sambo. The child of a white and a mulatto was a quadroon; the combination of quadroon and a white was a mustee. The child of a mustee by a white
Colorism_in_the_Caribbean
2008 novel by Amitav Ghosh
Ibis. The next key figure is Zachary Reid, an American sailor born to a quadroon mother and a white father. Escaping racism, he joins the Ibis on its first
Sea_of_Poppies
sixteen, is deemed to be an aboriginal". The Chief Protector described a "quadroon" as the "offspring" of a half-caste woman, by a "white, &c." (presumably
Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897
Aboriginals_Protection_and_Restriction_of_the_Sale_of_Opium_Act_1897
African American artist
Chicago. As listed in the show's catalog, the three paintings were The Quadroon Madonna, Brother and Sister, and Searchlights. The exhibition ran from
Charles_C._Dawson
Perception of oneself as Aboriginal Australian
(but not of an Aboriginal father and other than Aboriginal mother), a "quadroon", or had a "strain" of Aboriginal blood you were forced to live on Reserves
Australian Aboriginal identity
Australian_Aboriginal_identity
Nicaraguans of African descent
enslaved people. Thus emerged middle classes formed by Zambo, mulatto and quadroon (those with a quarter African blood) and other mixtures. By 1820, persons
Afro-Nicaraguans
1975 film
was screened at the Plaza in Detroit in June 1975, and was doubled with Quadroon, which explored the status of mixed-race women in early 1800s New Orleans
Black_Lolita
20th-century racial discrimination practice in Black oral history
Mulatto One-drop rule Passing (racial identity) Pencil test (South Africa) Quadroon School Daze Pilgram, David (February 2014). "Brown Paper Bag Test". Jim
Brown_paper_bag_test
American abolitionist propaganda using white-looking slaves
character of Eliza in the 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was described as a quadroon slave (one-quarter black ancestry), whose child also appeared to be "all-but-white"
White_slave_propaganda
Indigenous Australian children forcibly acculturated into White Australian society
proliferation of mixed-descent children (labelled "half-castes", "crossbreeds", "quadroons", and "octoroons", terms now considered derogatory to Indigenous Australians)
Stolen_Generations
American jazz musician and composer (1939–2014)
of 75. At the time of his death, Sample had been working on a project, "Quadroon," with singer-songwriter Jonatha Brooke. Joe Sample was Catholic, and supported
Joe_Sample
1993 American TV series or program
another slave there, warns Queen about the difficulties awaiting mulattoes, quadroons, and octoroons in the new free society. Mr. Henderson, the former overseer
Alex_Haley's_Queen
Colonial and Early Arkansas people group
woman of mixed European and African ancestry would attend dances known as "quadroon balls" to meet white gentlemen willing to provide for her and any children
Arkansas_Creoles
quantity, quantum quart- fourth Latin quartus inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte, quarter, quartermaster, quartet
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/Q
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/Q
Jamaican-British nurse and businesswoman (1805–1881)
biographer Jane Robinson speculates that she may technically have been a quadroon. Seacole emphasises her personal vigour in her autobiography, distancing
Mary_Seacole
American historian and biographer (1915–1981)
a reported sexual relationship between Jefferson and Sally Hemings, a quadroon slave said to be the half-sister of his late wife. The topic was timely
Fawn_M._Brodie
Puerto Rican actress and filmmaker (1935–2021)
Tamayo y Baus Joanna of Castile Centro de Bellas Artes Actress 1988 The Quadroon by Alejandro Tapia y Rivera The Countess Teatro Tapia Actress 1989 Steel
Sandra_Rivera
mixed-race offspring of black and white people such as mulattos and quadroons were often denominated to whichever race had the lower status, an example
Interracial marriage in the United States
Interracial_marriage_in_the_United_States
Former legal doctrine of slavery by birth
children of white ancestry, sometimes classified as mulattoes (half Black), quadroons (one-quarter Black), and octoroons (one-eighth Black). They were fathered
Partus_sequitur_ventrem
French-American ornithologist (1785–1851)
his mixed-race housekeeper, Catherine "Sanitte" Bouffard (described as a quadroon, meaning she was three-quarters European in ancestry). Following Jeanne
John_James_Audubon
Theory of American immigrant integration
groups (1850 to 1920) White Black/Negro Mulatto Chinese Indian Japanese Quadroon Octoroon Filipinos Hindus Koreans Other 1850 Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N 1860
Becoming_white_thesis
Former theater in New Orleans, Louisiana
which was known to employ quadroon actresses, among them the famous Minette et Lise, who may have been among those quadroon actresses employed at the
Theatre de la Rue Saint Pierre
Theatre_de_la_Rue_Saint_Pierre
Act of the United States Congress
Solomon did not name his mother but described her as of mixed race and a quadroon.) In 1841, Northup was tricked into going to Washington, DC, where slavery
Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1793
History of efforts to improve human genetic quality
Australia, labeled as "half-castes" (or alternatively "crossbreeds", "quadroons", and "octoroons") should develop within their respective communities
History_of_eugenics
Laws on Native American status
American self-determination Native American tribal rolls One-drop rule Quadroon Tribal disenrollment Tribal sovereignty Walter Plecker Charles Hudson,
Blood_quantum_laws
American politician (1782–1858)
Memphis, Benton returned from the War of 1812 "with a beautiful French quadroon girl, with whom he lived some two or three years." This was Marie Louise
Thomas Hart Benton (politician)
Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)
Historical racial classification rule
Métis Mestizo Miscegenation Mischling Mixed Race Day Passing Pencil test Quadroon Racial hygiene Pocahontas exception "Who is a Jew?" In 1855, John Bigelk
One-drop_rule
Historical debate
age 39 in 1782. He never remarried and died in 1826. Sally Hemings, a "quadroon" (3⁄4 white), was his much younger slave and a likely half-sister of his
Jefferson–Hemings_controversy
Confederate States Army general (1818–1893)
Williams, p. 5. Emily Clark (2013). The Strange History of the American Quadroon Free Women of Color in the Revolutionary Atlantic World. United States
P._G._T._Beauregard
Alleged mine in Southwestern United States
by an acquaintance named Julia Thomas (she was usually described as a quadroon). Waltz was buried in Phoenix at what is now called the Pioneer and Military
Lost_Dutchman's_Gold_Mine
United States ethnic group originating from Louisiana
ISBN 9781508483670. Clark, Emily (2013). The Strange History of the American Quadroon: Free Women of Color in the Revolutionary Atlantic World. The University
Creoles_of_color
19th-century Haitian free woman of colour
St. Louis Cathedral, in New Orleans. He was shown as a legitimate, free quadroon. That year, statutes were passed which forbade interracial marriage and
Elisabeth_Dieudonné_Vincent
2007 novel by L. A. Meyers
slaves in the fashion of Patty Cannon. Jacky herself attempts to pass for quadroon or octoroon as a disguise at one point, in an inversion of the usual trick
Mississippi_Jack
Ethnic group of Louisiana, USA
Margaret Media, Inc. Clark, Emily (2013). The Strange History of the American Quadroon: Free Women of Color in the Revolutionary Atlantic World. The University
Louisiana_Creole_people
Jamaican activist and orator (1887–1940)
brown middle-classes, comprising those who were classified as mulattos, quadroons, and octoroons. They were generally hostile to Garvey, regarding him as
Marcus_Garvey
and ocean-sailing craft than today; of the institution of slavery, the quadroon balls, the medley of Latin tongues, the disorder and carousing of the river-men
History_of_New_Orleans
Jamaican planter and politician (1739–1813)
people of color. One of his mixed-race mistresses was Grace Donne, a "quadroon" who lived with him for more than thirty-years, and was the mother of at
Simon_Taylor_(sugar_planter)
American politician
Representatives from 1874 to 1877 and in 1882 and 1883. Described as a quadroon in a contemporary newspaper report, he was educated by missionaries. He
Weldon_W._Edwards
Southern African ethnic group
Indonesian descent are called Blaster(an). Griqua people Oorlam people Métis Quadroon High yellow Hans Beukes Diergaardt v. Namibia Rhineland Bastard "Namibia
Basters
Assuming the socially higher ancestry
(which includes whites and over 90% of Hispanics) and "non-Hispanic white". Quadroon One-drop theory Racial segregation Racialism Racial purity Doris Pilkington
Hyperdescent
Pseudoscientific justification for racism
ancestry, stating "pure negroes, negroes three-fourths pure, mulattoes and quadroons have, roughly, 60, 70, 80 and 90 percent, respectively, of white intellectual
Scientific_racism
of society, with appearance-based terms such as mulatto, terceroes, and quadroon defining individuals. English women were seen as "refined and virtuous"
Women_in_Guyana
Jamaican-British estate owner (1833–1925)
his estate, and of cohabiting with and impregnating a sixteen-year-old ‘quadroon’ girl. Mary Sarah’s mother was a free black woman called Margaret Cross
Mary_Sarah_Oates
was a free person of colour born out of wedlock in Jamaica to the "free Quadroon" Mary Gauntlett and the slave owner Charles Rowe, Sr., making him an "Octoroon"
Nix_family
†quadrellus quadrell- quartus quart- fourth inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarter, quartet, quartic, quartile
List of Latin words with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_words_with_English_derivatives
Assuming the socially lower ancestry
prohibited marriage between a white and anyone considered a negro, mulatto, quadroon (one-fourth black), octoroon (one-eighth black), Mongolian, or member of
Hypodescent
QUADROON
QUADROON
QUADROON
QUADROON
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Goddess Parvathi
Male
English
Variant spelling of English/Scottish Jamieson, JAMISON means "son of Jamie."
Girl/Female
Arthurian Legend
A queen.
Boy/Male
French
Rule of the peop]e.
Girl/Female
Native American
My home.
Boy/Male
Muslim
King of roses
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wealth
Girl/Female
Indian
Pretty
Boy/Male
Hindu
Prince
Girl/Female
Hindu
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
QUADROON
QUADROON
QUADROON
QUADROON
QUADROON
n.
The offspring of a mulatto and a white person; a person quarter-blooded.
n.
The offspring of a white person and a quadroon; -- so called in the West Indies.
n. f.
The offspring of a white person and a quadroon; an octoroon.
n.
A quadroon.
n.
The offspring of a quadroon and a white person; a mestee.