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Communication of additional meaning, nuance, or emotion in speech
Paralanguage, also known as vocalics, is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning, or convey emotion, by using suprasegmental
Paralanguage
Transmission of information
erotic closeness. Paralanguage, also known as vocalics, encompasses non-verbal elements in speech that convey information. Paralanguage is often used to
Communication
Sound made by a throat
Throat clearing is forcibly, sometimes mutedly, expelling air from one's lungs, sometimes to clear mucus, sometimes to attract attention to something.
Throat_clearing
Interpersonal communication through wordless (mostly visual) cues
(kinesics), social distance (proxemics), touch (haptics), voice (prosody and paralanguage), physical environments/appearance, and use of objects. When communicating
Nonverbal_communication
Sound made by a human being using the vocal tract
(communication) List of voice actors Lombard effect Manner of articulation Paralanguage: nonverbal voice cues in communication Phonation Phonetics Puberphonia
Human_voice
Concept in communication theory
linguistic structure and may vary from each deaf community around the world. Paralanguage is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced
Symbolic_communication
Symbols for emotional cues in text
tone in messages. Emoji tend not to have their own meaning but act as a paralanguage, adding meaning to text. Emoji can add clarity and credibility to text
Emoji
British diplomat and author
Machiavelli (Ebury, 1988, ISBN 0712623906) Personal Impact: Presence, Paralanguage and the Art of Good Communication (Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993, ISBN 1856192571)
Michael_Shea_(diplomat)
Korean phrase
as "eye-measure". Nunchi is closely related to the broader concept of paralanguage but also relies on an understanding of one's status relative to the person
Nunchi
Study of human use of space and the effects that population density has on behavior
communication, including haptics (touch), kinesics (body movement), vocalics (paralanguage), and chronemics (structure of time). Edward T. Hall, the cultural anthropologist
Proxemics
Topics referred to by the same term
HUH in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Huh or HUH may refer to: Huh? (paralanguage), a universal expression requesting an explanation huH (magazine), a
Huh
American linguist (1906–1992)
Hockett, and Ray Birdwhistell. Trager's project was the development of paralanguage, while Birdwhistell worked on kinesics and Hall worked on proxemics.
George_L._Trager
Pictorial representation of a facial expression
Janet (1988) [1987]. "Appendix C: Face Symbols and ASCII Character Set". Paralanguage in Electronic Mail: A Case Study (PhD thesis). New York: Columbia University
Emoticon
Study of signs
the distance between speakers to express their degree of familiarity. Paralanguage encompasses non-verbal elements of linguistic messages. For instance
Semiotics
Speech characteristics common among gay men
Crystal, David. English Tone of Voice: Essays in Intonation, Prosody and Paralanguage. London: Edward Arnold, 1975. Kulick, Don (2000). "Gay and Lesbian Language"
Gay_male_speech
Negative emotional state
Emotion, Affect and Personality in Speech: The Bias of Language and Paralanguage. SpringerBriefs in Speech Technology. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-28047-9
Sadness
X-linked dominant genetic disorder
dilation Olfaction Posture Proxemics Speech Affect Emotional prosody Paralanguage Intonation Loudness Prosody Rhythm Stress Tone Voice quality Social context
Fragile_X_syndrome
Transfer of the meaning of something in one language into another
Translation Mission (NTM) Neural machine translation Ontological commitment Paralanguage Pseudotranslation Register (sociolinguistics) Rule-based machine translation
Translation
Primary organ of the respiratory system
providing air and airflow for the creation of vocal sounds, and other paralanguage communications such as sighs and gasps. Research suggests a role of the
Lung
American linguist (1922–2013)
contextualization cues (overlapping terms by other scholars include paralanguage and kinesics). His publications and courses given include work in the
John_J._Gumperz
American anthropologist
linguistics as a model for not only proxemics but also kinesics and paralanguage. Symbolic interactionism Hall, Edward T.; Trager, George Leonard (1954)
Edward_T._Hall
Interpretation of body motion communication
Cold reading Eye contact Facial expression Gesture Posture Proxemics Paralanguage Danesi, M (2006). "Kinesics". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics
Kinesics
Language used to describe another language
semantic description Nested quotation – Quotations within quotations Paralanguage – Communication of additional meaning, nuance, or emotion in speech Self-reference –
Metalanguage
Set of features that characterize human language
loudness expressed with words like whisper and shout are considered paralanguage. Displacement refers to the idea that humans can talk about things that
Hockett's_design_features
Common children's chant
chant is, at least in origin, an example of communication entirely by paralanguage. Context-meaningful words are sometimes applied ad hoc, however, such
Nyah_nyah_nyah_nyah_nyah_nyah
Sound made while inhaling by the nose or mouth
Fernando (2002). Nonverbal Communication across Disciplines: Volume 2: Paralanguage, kinesics, silence, personal and environmental interaction. John Benjamins
Ingressive_sound
Enticing a person to sexual behaviour
increased articulation in the first meeting. However, whilst seducing, the paralanguage will alter gradually. His voice will eventually become softer with lower
Seduction
Communication about how information is meant to be interpreted
where any signal (regardless of level) can be deceitful. Meta message Paralanguage Prosody (linguistics) "Mind, Nature, and Consciousness: Gregory Bateson
Meta-communication
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
unable to comprehend changes in voice and body language. English prosody Paralanguage Phonological hierarchy Prosodic construction Prosodic unit Prosody (poetry)
Prosody_(linguistics)
Type of nonverbal communication
3.239. Pennycook, Alastair (1985). "Actions speak louder than words: Paralanguage, communication, and education". TESOL Quarterly. 19 (2): 259–282. doi:10
Body_language
Academic journal
covering the study of nonverbal communication. Specific topics include paralanguage, proxemics, facial expressions, eye contact, face-to-face interaction
Journal_of_Nonverbal_Behavior
Array of every physical action and observable emotion associated with humans
language, typically through speech or writing. Nonverbal communication and paralanguage can modify the meaning of communications by demonstrating ideas and intent
Human_behavior
Variation in pitch
theory". The English tone of voice: essays in intonation, prosody and paralanguage. Edward Arnold. ISBN 9780713158014. Crystal, David; Quirk, Randolph (1964)
Intonation_(linguistics)
message is interpreted by the reader, and the letterer can suggest the paralanguage of dialogue by varying the weight, size and shape of the lettering. A
Glossary of comics terminology
Glossary_of_comics_terminology
Viewed social effects of communications technology
skills Timely Response 2 Assertive/Acquiescent Use of emoticons and paralanguage Communication Styles 3 Informal/formal Characteristics of real-time discussion
Social_presence_theory
Northern Tiwa dialect spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
American Linguistics, 20 (3), 173–180. Trager, George L. (1960). Taos III: Paralanguage. Anthropological Linguistics, 2 (2), 24–30. Trager, George L. (1960)
Taos_language
System of communication in an organization
styles are oral, written, face-to-face, nonverbal, physical nonverbal, paralanguage and visual. A better understanding of these methods and styles will help
Communications_management
British linguist and writer (born 1941)
(1975). The English Tone of Voice: Essays in Intonation, Prosody and Paralanguage. London: Edward Arnold. Crystal, David, Fletcher, Paul and Garman, Michael
David_Crystal
Discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social groups
layout). For example, space communicates power in the US and Germany. Paralanguage refers to how something is said, rather than the content of what is said—e
Intercultural_communication
Theory that people adjust speech style to listeners
proxemics (personal space), oculesics (the study of eye behavior), paralanguage (vocal qualities), to more similarly mirror the style of the person with
Communication accommodation theory
Communication_accommodation_theory
American anthropologist
Raven McDavid Jr., and William Offenkrantz. The Chicago team focused on paralanguage (non-lexical aspects of voice, including intonation), while the Pennsylvania
Ray_Birdwhistell
Research interview technique
presupposition, framing, priming, tacit metaphor and nonverbal aspects such as paralanguage and gesture that may compromise the authenticity of the data collected
Clean_language_interviewing
2009 crime novel by Marianne Delacourt
Tara Sharp can see people's auras. After she graduates from Mr Hara's Paralanguage School she takes on a job for a high-flying lawyer, only to find that
Sharp_Shooter_(novel)
Study of nonverbal communication via the eyes
Oculesics – the study of eye behavior Olfactics – the study of scent Paralanguage – the study of voice communication outside of language Proxemics – the
Oculesics
Field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate
each language is unique. The one difficulty that comes into play is paralanguage, how something is said. In the view of Australian linguists, such as
Cross-cultural_communication
Communication using graphic elements
and nonverbal, physical means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, by using writing. Communication is defined as a
Graphic_communication
Use of alcoholic beverages by Native Americans
humor, establishing rapport) and non-verbal signals (eye contact, touch, paralanguage, boundaries of personal space). Such etiquette varies between and within
Alcohol_and_Native_Americans
Communication theory
Journal of Man Machine Studies, 34, 283–301. Lea, M., & Spears R. (1992). Paralanguage and social perception in computer-mediated communication. Journal of
Social identity model of deindividuation effects
Social_identity_model_of_deindividuation_effects
Specialized speech style
2026-04-21. Caporael, Linnda R. (May 1981) [Received August 18, 1980]. "The paralanguage of caregiving: Baby talk to the institutionalized aged". Journal of Personality
Elderspeak
Application of linguistics to forensics
traditional linguistics. Individuals may employ a variety of methods to convey paralanguage in order to better communicate tone of voice, volume, and expression
Forensic_linguistics
language Trager, George Leonard (United States, 1906–1992), phonemics, paralanguage, semantics Trask, Robert Lawrence (United States, 1944–2004), Basque
List_of_linguists
2017 book
twenty-first-century communication. As such, the argument is that Emoji is a paralanguage, facilitating better emotional resonance in digital communication, making
The_Emoji_Code
Australian linguist and researcher
Painter, C., Smith, B., & Zappavigna, M. (in preparation). Modelling Paralanguage Using Systemic Functional Semiotics: Theory and Application. London:
Michele_Zappavigna
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Tamil
Victory; Honest Image; True Image; Truth
Boy/Male
Muslim
Just, True, Sincere, Truthful, Upright
Male
Japanese
(ç‰) Japanese name HITOSHI means "even-tempered; level."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Lord Shiva
Female
Chinese
beautiful autumn.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lotus
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Jain
Sweet
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Son of Adam; Acceptor; Next; Able; Another Name for God; Efficient; Skilful
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Land of Sun
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Fragrant Flower; Modern Variant of Jasmine
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE
PARALANGUAGE