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Operating expenses as percent of revenue
In finance, the operating ratio is a company's operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. This financial ratio is most commonly used for industries
Operating_ratio
Fares collected versus operating expenses in public transport
recovery ratio (also called fare recovery ratio, fare recovery rate or other terms) of a passenger transportation system is the fraction of operating expenses
Farebox_recovery_ratio
Ratio of operating income to net sales
operating margin—also known as operating income margin, operating profit margin, EBIT margin and return on sales (ROS) - is the ratio of operating income
Operating_margin
Financial metric assessing ability to cover debt payments
coverage ratio, you first need to determine the entity's net operating income (NOI). NOI is the difference between gross revenue and operating expenses
Debt_service_coverage_ratio
Financial metric
price–earnings ratio, also known as P/E ratio, P/E, or PER, is the ratio of a company's share price to the company's earnings per share. The ratio is used for
Price–earnings_ratio
Numerical value to determine the financial condition of a company
A financial ratio or accounting ratio states the relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements.
Financial_ratio
Canadian Class I freight railway company
most-improved railroad in terms of productivity and the lowering of its operating ratio, acknowledging the fact the company is becoming increasingly profitable
Canadian_National_Railway
Measure of a security's administration costs
is calculated by operating expenses. Generally, unlike future performance, expenses are predictable. Funds with high expense ratios tend to continue to
Expense_ratio
minimizing efficiency ratios (reducing expenses and increasing earnings). The concept typically applies to banks. It relates to operating leverage, which measures
Efficiency_ratio
Financial ratio comparing stock price to company book value
The price-to-book ratio, or P/B ratio, (also PBR) is a financial ratio used to compare a company's current market value to its book value (where book value
P/B_ratio
Accounting
maintaining several months of operating cash or a percentage of their annual income, called an operating reserve ratio. There are different types of reserves
Reserve_(accounting)
Financial metric comparing stock price to cash flow per share
The price/cash flow ratio (also called price-to-cash flow ratio or P/CF), is a financial ratio used to compare a company's market value to its cash flow
Price-to-cash_flow_ratio
SEPTA Regional Rail line
lines in SEPTA's Regional Rail network. In FY 2024, it had the highest operating ratio (27%) on the SEPTA Regional Rail network. Manayunk/Norristown Line
Manayunk/Norristown_Line
Accounting concept
operating liquidity available. Crisis liquidity ratio. A number of Bulgarian academic and accounting publications discuss the "crisis liquidity ratio"
Liquidity_ratio
Operating system for mobile devices
released in 2008, Android is the world's most widely used operating system; and most used operating system for smartphones. The latest version, released on
Android_(operating_system)
Canadian property and casualty insurer
noted an adjusted combined operating ratio of 97.3% (adjusted for transformation investments). The company also operates the Gore Mutual Foundation,
Gore_Mutual_Insurance_Company
Measure of how revenue growth translates into growth in operating income
Operating leverage is a measure of how revenue growth translates into growth in operating income. It is a measure of leverage, and of how risky, or volatile
Operating_leverage
Measure of the profitability of a business venture
a company's operating income to non-operating income and then subtracting off taxes. The net profit margin percentage is a related ratio. This figure
Net_income
Liabilities of the business that are to be settled in cash
payables and accruals for employee and operating costs are considered part of working capital in an entity’s normal operating cycle and are classified as current
Current_liability
Ratio of losses to gains
premiums, then its loss ratio is 60% with a profit ratio/gross margin of 40% or $40. Some portion of those 40 dollars must pay all operating costs (things such
Loss_ratio
Freight railroad operations approach
result is an often substantial decrease in railroad operating ratios and other financial and operating metrics at the cost of less-reliable service (particularly
Precision_railroading
Engineering ratio
Turndown ratio refers to the width of the operational range of a device, and is defined as the ratio of the maximum capacity to minimum capacity. For
Turndown_ratio
Set of detailed instructions to assist in workplace safety
(documented as standard operating procedures) used in any manufacturing process that could affect the quality of the product. Standard Operating Procedures are
Standard_operating_procedure
Type of regulation on commercial banks
International Banking Act of 1978, the same reserve ratios would apply to branches of foreign banks operating in the United States. The United States removed
Reserve_requirement
Activity fraction of a periodic system
system is active. Duty cycle is commonly expressed as a percentage or a ratio. A period is the time it takes for a signal to complete an on-and-off cycle
Duty_cycle
Class I railroad system in the United States
freight railroad company operating in the Eastern United States and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Operating about 21,000 route miles (34
CSX_Transportation
Mathematical ratios used to quantify concentration of market shares in industries
concentration ratios are used to quantify market concentration and are based on companies' market shares in a given industry. A concentration ratio (CR) is
Concentration_ratio
Mechanical transmission using multiple gears
motor(s) which generally have a broader range of operating speeds, they are typically equipped with a single-ratio reduction gear set instead. The second common
Gear_train
Use of borrowed funds in the purchase of an asset
is near zero. Degree of Operating Leverage = E B I T + F i x e d C o s t s E B I T {\displaystyle {\text{Degree of Operating Leverage}}={\frac {\mathrm
Leverage_(finance)
Fraction of net income a firm pays to its stockholders in dividends
declined from 90% of operating earnings in 1940s to about 30% in recent years. For smaller, growth companies, the average payout ratio can be as low as 10%
Dividend_payout_ratio
Overview of corporate finance and corporate finance-related topics
value of the asset securing it Operating ratio – Operating expenses as percent of revenue P/B ratio – Financial ratio comparing stock price to company
Outline_of_corporate_finance
Assets held for less than a fiscal year
liability is referred to as trade working capital. The quick ratio, or acid-test ratio, measures the ability of a company to use its near-cash or quick
Current_asset
Ratio of freestream speed to tip speed
the operating advance ratio by utilizing high lift coefficient airfoils. Currently, single rotor helicopters are practically limited to advance ratios less
Advance_ratio
A spare ratio or spares ratio is the percentage of unused vehicles operated by a public transport operator during peak service periods. It is calculated
Spare_ratio
Financial metric assessing cash flow relative to total debt
The cash flow to debt ratio is a financial ratio that measures a company's ability to cover its total debt with its operating cash flow. It is calculated
Cash-flow-to-debt_ratio
gearing and other accounting ratios. The determination of whether a lease is a finance (also called capital) lease or an operating lease from an accounting
Operating_lease
Proportion of observed intensity to ideal intensity, in astronomical imaging
The Strehl ratio is a measure of the quality of optical image formation, originally proposed by Karl Strehl, after whom the term is named. Used variously
Strehl_ratio
Former railway line in Hokkaido, Japan
fell to one-third of its peak. Following the huge drop in users and operating ratio hitting 2,785, the line was listed as one of the Deficit 83 Lines movement
Shinmei_Line
Measure of profitability relative to invested capital
company is at turning capital into profits. The ratio is calculated by dividing the after tax operating income (NOPAT) by the average book-value of the
Return_on_capital
Design parameter of gas turbines
In aeronautical engineering, overall pressure ratio, or overall compression ratio, is the amount of times the pressure increases due to ram compression
Overall_pressure_ratio
Cooling output divided by electricity input, as a standard for HVAC systems
the cost per operating hour is: 0.5 kW × $0.20/(kW·h) = $0.10/h The energy efficiency ratio (EER) of a particular cooling device is the ratio of output cooling
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio
Seasonal_energy_efficiency_ratio
range of operating speeds. A close-ratio type of transmission is designed to allow an engine to remain in this relatively narrow range of operating speeds
Close-ratio_transmission
Specialized financial model
here, the most important of which is arguably the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) - the financial metric that measures the ability of a project to
Project_finance_model
Device to couple energy between circuits
transformer, with voltage ratio and winding turns ratio both being inversely proportional to the corresponding current ratio. The load impedance referred
Transformer
Subway system in Greater Tokyo, Japan
passing through a ticket gate. It is one of only two rapid transit systems operating on 3 track gauges, the other being the Barcelona Metro, Spain, using narrow
Toei_Subway
Topics referred to by the same term
crystal from infinitely-separated ions Lewis number, a dimensionless number ratio in physics Ligand efficiency, a measure of the binding energy of a ligand
LE
Ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required
because a heat pump is a heat engine operating in reverse. Similarly, the COP of a refrigerator or air conditioner operating at maximum theoretical efficiency
Coefficient_of_performance
Drivetrain transmitting propulsion power
single, or fixed, gear ratio or it can have variable ratios; a variable-ratio transmission can have multiple discrete gear ratios or be continuously variable
Transmission (mechanical device)
Transmission_(mechanical_device)
Measurement used for wind turbines
tip-speed ratio. By extension, the efficiency of the wind turbine is a function of the tip-speed ratio. Ideally, one would like to have a turbine operating at
Tip-speed_ratio
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
The ROC is also known as a relative operating characteristic curve, because it is a comparison of two operating characteristics (TPR and FPR) as the
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Commonly used display resolutions
to a wider aspect ratio, first to the 16:10 ratio. The 16:10 ratio allowed some compromise between showing older 4:3 aspect ratio broadcast TV shows
Display_resolution_standards
Measure of how efficiently a firm collects credit sales from customers
Receivable turnover ratio or debtor's turnover ratio is an accounting measure used to measure how effective a company is in extending credit as well as
Receivables_turnover_ratio
Economic Concept
In economics, the wage ratio refers to the ratio of the top salaries in a group (company, city, country, etc.) to the bottom salaries. It is a measure
Wage_ratio
Financial ratio assessing long-term financial soundness
while coverage ratios compare earnings or operating profit with interest and other fixed charges. Common examples include the debt ratio (total liabilities
Solvency_ratio
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
electric motor) operating within a pipe, which is connected to a propelling nozzle. It is fairly obvious, the higher the fan pressure ratio (fan discharge
Turbofan
Logarithmic unit expressing the ratio of physical quantities
the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a power ratio of
Decibel
Ratio in aeronautics
In aeronautics, the thickness-to-chord ratio, sometimes simply chord ratio or thickness ratio, compares the maximum vertical thickness of a wing to its
Thickness-to-chord_ratio
Dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a propelled vehicle
Thrust-to-weight ratio is a dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a reaction engine or a vehicle with such an engine. Reaction engines include jet
Thrust-to-weight_ratio
Compression ratio adjustment technology
Variable compression ratio (VCR) is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. This
Variable_compression_ratio
Principle/rule of thumb in construction
1:5:200 ratio) is a rule of thumb that states that: If the initial construction costs of a building is 1, then its maintenance and operating costs over
1:5:200
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of
Standing_wave_ratio
Ability of a circuit to increase the power or amplitude of a signal
refers to forward current transfer ratio, either hFE ("beta", the static ratio of Ic divided by Ib at some operating point), or sometimes hfe (the small-signal
Gain_(electronics)
List of Android operating system versions
emulation as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system. Both the operating system itself and the SDK were released along with their
Android_version_history
Measurement of resource allocation
efficiency is a measurement of resource allocation and can be defined as the ratio between an output gained from the business and an input to run a business
Operational_efficiency
Liquid component of blood
could stay fresh for around four hours. The Blood for Britain program operated successfully for five months, with total collections of almost 15,000 people
Blood_plasma
Social media platform owned by Meta
distinguished by allowing content to be framed only in a square (1:1) aspect ratio of 640 pixels to match the display width of the iPhone at the time. In 2015
Limit of the lowest low gear ratio for offroading
In off-road driving, crawl ratio is the lowest overall gear ratio that a vehicle's drivetrain is capable of, i.e. the slowest vehicle speed for the same
Crawl_ratio
Overview of finance and finance-related topics
Profit margin Gross margin Net margin Cost of goods sold Operating expenses Operating ratio Cost driver Fixed cost Variable cost Overhead cost Value chain
Outline_of_finance
Statistical ratio; proportion of a working age population that is employed
Employment rate, also called the employment-to-population ratio, is a statistical ratio that measures the proportion of a country's working age population
Employment_rate
is jointly controlled by municipal governments and private "operating partners" operating partners must meet ambitious targets ensuring that coverage
Water privatization in Colombia
Water_privatization_in_Colombia
Calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources
Power-to-weight ratio (PWR, also called specific power, or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to
Power-to-weight_ratio
Video or display resolutions with a width of around 4,000 pixels
256:135 (1.9:1) aspect ratio; for digital television, it is 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD), typically with a 16:9 (1.78:1) aspect ratio. The 4K television market
4K_resolution
Numbers obtained by adding the two previous ones
within nature. See also Golden ratio § Music. In software development, Fibonacci numbers are often used by agile teams operating under the Scrum framework
Fibonacci_sequence
Ratio between turnover and profit
calculated as: Operating Profit Margin = 100 ⋅ Operating Income Revenue {\displaystyle {\text{Operating Profit Margin}}={100\cdot {\text{Operating Income}}
Profit_margin
Eurovent standards for air conditioner performance depending on time of year
integrated energy efficiency ratio (IEER). The ESEER is calculated by combining full and part load operating Energy Efficiency Ratios (EER), for different seasonal
European seasonal energy efficiency ratio
European_seasonal_energy_efficiency_ratio
American truckload transportation company
grown from over 13 million in 1991 to over $866 million in 2011, with operating ratios at or near 80% year after year. They have grown from a few associates
Knight-Swift
Canadian railroad executive
a result, Mongeau's bonus was reduced. During his overall tenure, operating ratio declined from 63.6% to 55.9%. He stepped down in 2016 due to throat
Claude_Mongeau
Unit selling price minus its variable cost
focuses on contribution margin (mean) per operating room hour in the operating room and how it relates to operating room efficiency. A surgical suite can
Contribution_margin
Shortline railroad in Minnesota
consistent success. According to some reports, the railroad had an abysmal operating ratio of 147%. It persisted in operation until less than a week after the
Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway
Minneapolis,_Northfield_and_Southern_Railway
Class II railroad of the Canadian Pacific Railway
$290 million projected in 2007 and $340 million for 2008. Its operating ratio (the ratio of operating expenses to revenues) declined to 70.2% in 2006 and was
Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad
Dakota,_Minnesota_and_Eastern_Railroad
Expression which breaks ROE (return on equity) into three parts
leverage. [EBT/EBIT] The company's operating income margin or return on sales (ROS) is (EBIT ÷ Revenue). This is the operating income per dollar of sales. [EBIT/Revenue]
DuPont_analysis
Ratio used in computer memory
A memory divider is a ratio which is used to determine the operating clock frequency of computer memory in accordance with front side bus (FSB) frequency
Memory_divider
Measure of a debtor's ability to pay their debts as/when they mature
rather than through asset sales, so; The operating cash flow ratio can be calculated by dividing the operating cash flow by current liabilities. This indicates
Accounting_liquidity
Automotive transmission technology
limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant angular velocity
Continuously variable transmission
Continuously_variable_transmission
In a synchronous generator, the short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produce rated armature voltage at the open circuit to the
Short circuit ratio (synchronous generator)
Short_circuit_ratio_(synchronous_generator)
Railway line in Queensland, Australia
1962, enabling tonnage to reach ~300,000 in 1967. Despite having an operating ratio of 43.9% in 1969, the tramway was seen as a non-core asset by QR and
North Coast railway line, Queensland
North_Coast_railway_line,_Queensland
to DWASA management, cover about 25% more than the operating costs of the utility (operating ratio of 0.79). However, a recent study shows that for domestic
Water_management_in_Dhaka
Exhaust-powered forced-induction device for engines
variable-nozzle turbochargers) are used to alter the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger as operating conditions change. This is done with the use of adjustable
Turbocharger
Likelihood ratios used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test
likelihood ratio (LR+, likelihood ratio positive, likelihood ratio for positive results) and negative likelihood ratio (LR–, likelihood ratio negative,
Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
Likelihood_ratios_in_diagnostic_testing
Dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics
[max]), is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. It is named
Mach_number
Pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratios are an attempt to find a balance between providing assistance to the practicing pharmacist in operating the pharmacy while maintaining
Pharmacist-to-pharmacy technician ratio
Pharmacist-to-pharmacy_technician_ratio
Type of rental fee
"Top 10 Reasons to Implement a Ratio Utility Billing System (RUBS)". Shift from Net Operating Expense to Net Operating Revenue. 2023-10-12. Retrieved
Ratio_Utility_Billing_System
Work done divided by heat provided
is less than fully open), the effective compression ratio is less than when the engine is operating at full throttle, due to the simple fact that the incoming
Engine_efficiency
Color used in designing web pages
which are color names whose values are taken from the operating system, picking the operating system's highlighted text color, or the background color
Web_colors
Large-screen film format
very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (about 1.43:1) and steep stadium seating. More recently the aspect ratio has mostly become 1.90:1 (slightly wider
IMAX
Australian retired businessman and corporate (born 1940)
Prescott's Chairmanship the company grew significantly. The company's operating ratio[clarification needed] improved from 91% in 2010 to 74% in 2015 and
John_B._Prescott
Railway section
$4.3 million, with an additional $424,000 in passenger revenue. The operating ratio was 90.1 percent. Iron Road Railways Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway
Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine
Canadian_Pacific_Lines_in_Maine
Named Amtak trains in USA
arguing that the Department of Transportation had calculated the operating ratio incorrectly, and won at the district court level. This decision was
Silver_Palm_(train)
Former rail station in Zenda, Wisconsin, US
and February 2, 2001, due to equipment shortages, and had the worst operating ratio of any Amtrak route. It became a Saturday-only train on March 24, 2001
Lake_Geneva_station
Sum of all earnings before taxes
sold)/net sales] × 100%. Operating profit = gross profit – total operating expenses Net income (or net profit) = operating profit – taxes – interest
Gross_income
OPERATING RATIO
OPERATING RATIO
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Great Happiness
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Light-hearted; Pledged to God
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from the village of Brattle, near Ashford in Kent.Thomas Brattle (c.1624–83) was reckoned, at the time of his death, to be the wealthiest man in New England. His son, also called Thomas Brattle (1658–1713), treasurer of Harvard College from 1693 to 1713, was a man noted for his rationality and humanism, which included opposition to the Salem withccraft trials of 1692.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English, Old French sur(ri)gien (from a derivative of Late Latin chirurgia ‘handiwork’), hence an occupational name for a person who performed operations, mostly amputations. Before the advent of anaesthetics, only crude surgery was possible, and the calling was often combined with that of the barber or bath house attendant.French : topographic name for someone who lived close to a gushing spring.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : nickname for a lordly, impressive, or sharp-eyed man, from Middle English egle ‘eagle’ (from Old French aigle, from Latin aquila).English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Laigle in Orne, France, the name of which ostensibly means ‘the eagle’, although it is possible that the recorded forms result from the operation of early folk etymology on some unknown original. Matilda de Aquila is recorded in 1129 as the widow of Robert Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland.Jewish : translation into English of Adler.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Boy/Male
Indian
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Method; Way; Mode; Manner; Operation; Process
Boy/Male
Indian
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and French
English, Scottish, and French : nickname for an intelligent person, from Middle English, Old French raison ‘reasoning’, ‘intellectual faculty’ (Latin ratio, genitive rationis).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Male
French
French form of Celtic Gahareet, GAHARIET means "old." In Arthurian legend, this is the name of a Knight of the Round Table, a son of King Lot of Orkney. He was brother to Agravaine, Gareth, Gawaine, and half-brother to Mordred. He was squire to Gawaine before being knighted and is noted for being very good at moderating Gawain's fiery temper. He murdered his own mother, Morgause, after catching her in flagrante with young Lamorak.Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Boy/Male
Indian
Rationale, Intelligent, Rightly-guided, Having the true faith
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Girl/Female
German, Greek
Noble; Kind; Rational
Surname or Lastname
German and Dutch
German and Dutch : from Middle High German bloch, Middle Dutch blok ‘block of wood’, ‘stocks’. The surname probably originated as a nickname for a large, lumpish man, or perhaps as a nickname for a persistent lawbreaker who found himself often in the stocks.English : possibly a metonymic occupational name for someone who blocks, as in shoemaking and bookbinding, from Middle English blok ‘block’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : Americanized spelling of Bloch (see Vlach).Adriaen Coertsz Block was a Dutch-born merchant-explorer who traded along the CT coast and Long Island shortly after Hudson’s voyage to the region in 1609. Block Island, between the north fork of Long Island and RI, which he used as a base of operations, is named after him.
OPERATING RATIO
OPERATING RATIO
Male
Greek
(Ἰοῦστος) Greek form of Latin Justus, IOUSTOS means "fair, just." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a Christian at Corinth with whom Paul lodged.Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Lord Krishna; Song
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
The good
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a diminutive of Grand. See also Grant.Italian : from a derivative of Grande.English : possibly a variant of Crandon or Craden (see Grandon).
Biblical
who humbles thee; who answers thee
Girl/Female
Hindi
Lily.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord of all gods
Female
French
Pet form of French Honorée, HONORINE means "honor, valor."
Male
Babylonian
, the fourth antediluvian king of Babylon.
Girl/Female
Indian
Durga
OPERATING RATIO
OPERATING RATIO
OPERATING RATIO
OPERATING RATIO
OPERATING RATIO
a.
Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious; as, an operative dose, rule, or penalty.
a.
Based upon, or consisting of, an operation or operations; as, operative surgery.
n.
That which is operated or accomplished; an effect brought about in accordance with a definite plan; as, military or naval operations.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Onerate
a.
Mutually assisting or operating; helping.
a.
Having the power of acting; hence, exerting force, physical or moral; active in the production of effects; as, an operative motive.
n.
The act of cooperating, or of operating together to one end; joint operation; concurrent effort or labor.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Iterate
a.
Operating together; as, cooperant forces.
n.
A skilled worker; an artisan; esp., one who operates a machine in a mill or manufactory.
a.
Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.
n.
Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or symbols.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Tolerate
n.
The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral.
n.
Any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, to produce a curative or remedial effect, as in amputation, etc.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Operate
n.
The act of operating or working; operation.
n.
The method of working; mode of action.
a.
Operating in any way.
n.
Effect produced; influence.