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Biological fluid sampling technique
within the body. The microdialysis technique requires the insertion of a small microdialysis catheter (also referred to as microdialysis probe) into the tissue
Microdialysis
methods are used to reach that state such as vapor diffusion, microbatch, microdialysis, and free-interface diffusion. Developing protein crystals is a difficult
Protein_crystallization
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
al., 1996; Dolder et al., 2017). In vivo measurement of dopamine by microdialysis was used in rats and NHPs to evaluate these time-dependent effects.
MDMA
SSRI antidepressant
release in rat hypothalamus as measured by tissue levels of MHPG-SO4 and microdialysis in conscious rats". Journal of Neural Transmission. 104 (8–9): 953–966
Fluoxetine
Central nervous system stimulant
characterization of locally applied dopamine uptake inhibitors by striatal microdialysis". Synapse. 6 (1): 106–12. doi:10.1002/syn.890060113. PMID 1697988. Hart
Methylphenidate
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
xenon on extracellular dopamine levels in the rat nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 103 (6): 1459–1463. doi:10.1213/01.ane
Xenon
Stimulant drug
and metabolism of dopamine in the striatum of freely moving rats. A microdialysis study". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 119 (3): 294–296
Bromantane
Central nervous system stimulant
RhoA and PKA activity, respectively (Underhill et al. 2021). ... Using microdialysis showed that TAAR1 knockout mice showed higher AMPH-triggered dopamine
Amphetamine
Study of cognition leading to behaviour
record single-unit activity from individual neurons. Techniques such as microdialysis allowed researchers to sample neurotransmitter concentrations in living
Behavioural_sciences
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
Three methods of preparing crystals, A: Hanging drop. B: Sitting drop. C: Microdialysis
X-ray_crystallography
Brain Molecule
solutes) are prohibited from membrane diffusion. Commercially available microdialysis probes typically have molecular weight cutoffs that range from 1,000
Molecular_weight_cut-off
Chemical compound
"Extracellular events induced by gamma-hydroxybutyrate in striatum: a microdialysis study". Journal of Neurochemistry. 56 (3): 938–944. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159
Γ-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms
(N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (Lambe and Aghajanian, 2006). In particular, microdialysis in rats confirmed that systemic hallucinogen administration leads to
Psilocybin
Westerink, B.H.C.; Justice, J.B. (1991), "Microdialysis compared with other in vivo release models", Microdialysis in the Neurosciences, Elsevier, pp. 23–43
Push–pull_perfusion
Uncomfortable skin sensation
than histamine induce pruritus in atopic dermatitis patients: a dermal microdialysis study". The British Journal of Dermatology. 142 (6): 1114–1120. doi:10
Itch
Metabolism involving breakdown of lipids
Not Influence Lipolysis in Abdominal Adipose Tissue as Assessed by Microdialysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 86 (5): 2085–2089
Lipolysis
Medication used to treat ADHD
>85% of neural NET and SERT, respectively. However, both mouse and rat microdialysis studies have failed to find an increase in extracellular serotonin in
Atomoxetine
Fatty tissue composed of white adipocytes
not influence lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue as assessed by microdialysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (5): 2085–9
White_adipose_tissue
Injury of the brain from an external source
devices that help to monitor brain injury and facilitate research. Microdialysis allows ongoing sampling of extracellular fluid for analysis of metabolites
Traumatic_brain_injury
Chemical compound
effects of TBZ at doses that increase extracellular DA as measured by microdialysis, including CT-005404 (Rotolo et al. 2021), and the modafinil analogs
CE-158
Ethnobotanist
vole (Clethrionomys glareolus): ethopharmacology and intra-cerebral microdialysis". From 2000 until 2002, Vandebroek worked as a postdoctoral researcher
Ina_Vandebroek
Organic acid
cerebrospinal fluid, being much richer with lactate, as was found in microdialysis studies. Some evidence suggests that lactate is important at early stages
Lactic_acid
Complex group of fibers in the brain
technique that was used in determining the function of the MFB was microdialysis. Reinforcing electrical stimulation of the MFB using this method has
Medial_forebrain_bundle
Hungarian scientist
of nicotine on extracellular levels of neurotransmitters assessed by microdialysis in various brain regions: Role of glutamic acid (co-author, 1992) Science
Szilveszter_E._Vizi
Condition of uncontrolled writhing movements
dopaminergic neuron system in the rat striatum as studied by in vivo brain microdialysis". Journal of Neurochemistry. 57 (3): 997–1002. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159
Athetosis
Medical procedure
to introduce fluids directly to the brain or to implant cannulae and microdialysis probes. Site specific central microinjections are used when rodents
Stereotactic_surgery
American neurosurgeon, psychiatrist, and neuroethicist
the first to be able to make in vivo neurochemical measurements using microdialysis from the human basal ganglia while study participants engaged in memory
Robert_Joseph_Buchanan
Chemical compound
enhances extracellular levels of adenosine and induces sleep: an in vivo microdialysis study". Sleep. 26 (8): 943–947. doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.943. PMID 14746372
Adenosine
Technique to study brain metabolism
brain biochemistry detection techniques. Unlike push-pull cannula, microdialysis and in vivo voltammetry, fMRS is a non-invasive method for studying
Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain
Functional_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy_of_the_brain
Medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease
in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of the rat--a pharmacokinetic microdialysis study". European Journal of Pharmacology. 262 (1–2): 21–26. doi:10
Memantine
Medical tubes inserted in the body to extract or administer substances
(January 2019). "Comparison of cerebral Open Flow Microperfusion and Microdialysis when sampling small lipophilic and small hydrophilic substances". Journal
Catheter
Chemical compound
induces an increased release of IL-6 in mouse striatum: an in vivo microdialysis study". Journal of Neurochemistry. 105 (3): 904–9. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159
MRS-1706
transporters, and can elevate extracellular levels of DA as measured by microdialysis without stimulating DA release. In the present studies, CT-005094 and
List of modafinil analogues and derivatives
List_of_modafinil_analogues_and_derivatives
Primary cholinesterase in the body
protection from nerve agent weapons. Studying acetylcholine levels using microdialysis and HPLC-ECD, researchers at the University of South Carolina School
Acetylcholinesterase
Reaction to specific stumuli
conditioned fear on serotonin and freezing behavior in rats. Through in vivo microdialysis, certain concentrations of extracellular serotonin in the rat brain
Freezing_behavior
CNS stimulant and isomer of amphetamine
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships revealed by striatal microdialysis in freely-moving rats with simultaneous determination of plasma drug
Dextroamphetamine
Type of drug
nitric oxide-facilitated dopamine efflux in the rat striatum: an in vivo microdialysis study". Neurosci. Lett. 230 (1): 21–4. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00465-5
Reuptake_inhibitor
Process of separating molecules
therefore a post-treatment is necessary. Electrodialysis Haemodialysis Microdialysis Osmosis Peritoneal dialysis AutoAnalyzer Reed, R (2007). Practical Skills
Dialysis_(chemistry)
Medication
female rats modulates monoamines differentially across brain areas: a microdialysis study". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (5): 1757–1767. doi:10.1111/j
Flibanserin
Chemical compound
ring-substituted amphetamines on rat brain: a comparative study using in vivo microdialysis". Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 24 (8): 1362–1370. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro
4-Methylthioamphetamine
Sexual phenomenon
mesolimbic dopamine system on their sexual behaviour. In their experiment, microdialysis was used to monitor dopamine efflux from the nucleus accumbens during
Coolidge_effect
Chemical compound
receptor and autoreceptor preferring antagonists (+)-AJ76 and (+)-UH232; a microdialysis study". European Journal of Pharmacology. 242 (2): 151–63. doi:10
UH-232
Medical device
Syringe drivers can be used for electrospinning, electrospraying, microdialysis, microfluidics, dispensing/dilution, tissue perfusion, and fluid circulation
Syringe_driver
Nicotinic receptor involved in pain regulation
role of the alpha5 nAChR subunit and cognition. Studies have performed microdialysis in subjects as they formed attention tasks and found significantly increased
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5
Neuronal_acetylcholine_receptor_subunit_alpha-5
Chemical compound
ring-substituted amphetamines on rat brain: a comparative study using in vivo microdialysis". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 24 (8): 1362–1370. doi:10.1016/j
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine
Chemical compound
Valentini V, Frau R, Bordi F, Borsini F, Di Chiara G (March 2011). "A microdialysis study of ST1936, a novel 5-HT6 receptor agonist". Neuropharmacology
ST-1936
Serotonin receptor protein distributed in the cerebrum and raphe nucleus
inhibitors increase extracellular serotonin concentration measured by brain microdialysis". Life Sciences. 55 (3): 163–167. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(94)00876-0.
5-HT1A_receptor
Chemical compound
dopaminergic neuronal activity via GABA mechanisms: a study with dual-probe microdialysis". Brain Research. 1021 (1): 82–91. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.06.053
SB-216641
Pharmaceutical compound
8-OH-DPAT assessed by measuring hippocampal extracellular 5-HT using microdialysis in rats". British Journal of Pharmacology. 119 (5): 845–850. doi:10
8-OH-DPAT
Brain region having polygonal, fusiform, piriform neurons
Median Raphe 5-Hydroxytryptamine Pathways in Forebrain of the Rat Using Microdialysis". Journal of Neurochemistry. 69 (2): 791–796. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159
Median_raphe_nucleus
Rat used for scientific research
laboratory mice. Laboratory rats are frequently subject to dissection or microdialysis to study internal effects on organs and the brain, such as for cancer
Laboratory_rat
Optical device for nano-scale imaging
spectrometry Extracting nanoquantities of neurochemicals via in vivo microdialysis Using gold-based metallic nanoprobes for Theranostics (therapeutic diagnostics)
Nanoprobe_(device)
Chemical compound
"Endogenous synthesis of N-methylnorsalsolinol in rat brain during in vivo microdialysis with epinine". Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Applications
N-Methylnorsalsolinol
Wakefulness-promoting drug/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
(S)-fluoro-analogs on mesolimbic extracellular dopamine assessed by voltammetry and microdialysis in rats". Eur J Neurosci. 50 (3): 2045–2053. doi:10.1111/ejn.14256.
Flmodafinil
Investigational drug being studied as a topical analgesic
"Determination of the dermal penetration of esterom components using microdialysis sampling". Pharmaceutical Research. 20 (11): 1827–34. doi:10.1023/B:PHAM
Esterom
Belgian neurologist (born 1968)
in Pharmaceutical Medicine working on pain and stroke using in vivo microdialysis and diffusion MRI in the rat (1997). Drawn by functional neuroimaging
Steven_Laureys
Pharmaceutical compound
Voehringer P, Cremers TI, Ferger B (September 2025). "Neurochemical in vivo microdialysis and postmortem tissue analysis of amygdala endocannabinoid levels after
Elcubragistat
Field of research
rats during restraint stress and ethanol withdrawal as measured by microdialysis. J Neurosci, 15, 5439– 5447. Starkman, B. G., Sakharkar, A. J., & Pandey
Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of alcoholism
Molecular_and_epigenetic_mechanisms_of_alcoholism
TRH analog with use for CNS disorders
analogue, into the brain after its systemic administration in rats: a microdialysis study". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 47 (10): 833–6. doi:10
Montirelin
Class of drugs
relative to baseline than was the case for SSRIs as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) such as reboxetine prevent
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor
Structure in the basal ganglia of the brain
involved in the regulation of operant lever pressing: pharmacological and microdialysis studies". Neuroscience. 119 (3): 759–766. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00117-9
Substantia_nigra
Neurochemical model
5-hydroxytryptamine release from the rat hippocampus measured by in vivo microdialysis". Brain Research. 613 (1): 74–79. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90456-w.
Functional Ensemble of Temperament
Functional_Ensemble_of_Temperament
Chemical compound
and aspartate release from rat prefrontal cortex studied in vivo with microdialysis". Brain Research Bulletin. 77 (2–3): 129–35. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull
Meclinertant
Stimulant and anorectic drug of the amphetamine class
reported. However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies showed that 4-methylamphetamine
4-Methylamphetamine
Chemical compound
ring-substituted amphetamines on rat brain: a comparative study using in vivo microdialysis". Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 24 (8): 1362–1370. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro
Para-Methoxyamphetamine
Chemical compound (polypeptide neurotransmitter)
CT (Nov 2005). "Neurokinin-1 receptor desensitization to consecutive microdialysis infusions of substance P in human skin". The Journal of Physiology.
Substance_P
Class of compounds
PMID 25870913. The sampling of extracellular fluids using in vivo microdialysis provides a direct way to study drug effects on synaptic efflux of a
Monoamine_releasing_agent
PNMT inhibitor
the norepinephrine metabolite MHPG in the hypothalamus as measured by microdialysis, and (3) blocked the stimulation of growth hormone secretion normally
LY-78335
Iranian-American neuroscientist
three-year postdoctoral studies. Moghaddam used the technique of in vivo microdialysis to look at the composition of extracellular dopamine in the rodent brain
Bita_Moghaddam
Use of a glucose monitor for testing the concentration of glucose in the blood
JB, DeVries JH (December 2005). "Comparison of a needle-type and a microdialysis continuous glucose monitor in type 1 diabetic patients". Diabetes Care
Blood_glucose_monitoring
Subspecialty of anesthesiology
experience with transcranial doppler, basic EEG interpretation and Licox/Microdialysis interpretation. Some institutions also allow the fellow to participate
Neurosurgical_anesthesiology
Pharmaceutical compound
ring-substituted amphetamines on rat brain: a comparative study using in vivo microdialysis". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 24 (8): 1362–1370. doi:10.1016/j
3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
Chemical compound
benzilate for muscarinic cholinergic receptors: a PET study with microdialysis in comparison with (+)N-[(11)C]methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate in the conscious
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl_benzilate
Chemical compound
transporters, and can elevate extracellular levels of DA as measured by microdialysis without stimulating DA release. In the present studies, CT-005094 and
CT-005404
Non-marketed drug of the amphetamine class
(fen-phen) on dopamine and serotonin release in rat striatum: in vivo microdialysis study in conscious animals". Brain Research. 813 (1): 67–72. doi:10
Levofenfluramine
Chemical compound
extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the rat striatum: microdialysis studies. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Nov 3;286(1):99-103. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00545-v
Vinconate
Stimulant and entactogen designer drug
ring-substituted amphetamines on rat brain: a comparative study using in vivo microdialysis". Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 24 (8): 1362–1370. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro
Para-Methoxymethamphetamine
Chemical compound
immobility in the tail suspension test, with an oral MED of 5 mg/kg. In microdialysis studies, amitifadine increased extracellular levels of serotonin, norepinephrine
Amitifadine
Chemical compound
dopaminergic function: a combined in vivo electrophysiological and microdialysis study". Neuroscience. 91 (2): 587–97. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00655-1
SB-206553
Chemical compound
in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study with cocaine". Neuropsychopharmacology. 33 (2): 237–46. doi:10
SB-242084
Experimental antiparkinsonian agent and adamantane derivative
hymantane, on levels of monoamines and their metabolites in rat striatum (a microdialysis study)]". Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia (in Russian)
Hemantane
Chemical compound
chronic administration of the high-efficacy 5-HT1A agonist, F13714: a microdialysis study in the rat". British Journal of Pharmacology. 149 (2): 170–178
WAY-100635
American chemist and academic
roaming animals. She has studied combined capillary electrophoresis with microdialysis to create sensors that can monitor for multiple analytes at the same
Susan_M._Lunte
Herb in Chinese medicine
chromatogram analysis of traditional Chinese medicines targeting DNA by microdialysis/HPLC". Journal of Chromatography A. 1076 (1–2): 118–26. doi:10.1016/j
Huang_Bai
Chemical compound
site increases 5-HT in the striatum and prefrontal cortex of rats: a microdialysis study". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 86 (1): 79–85. doi:10
ELB-139
Class of opioid peptides
al. showed that delivery of dynorphin A1-17 (a KOR agonist) through microdialysis into the PAG region induced hypothermia in rats. The authors found that
Dynorphin
American chemist and professor
Robert T. (March 2006). "In Vivo Measurements of Neurotransmitters by Microdialysis Sampling". Analytical Chemistry. 78 (5): 1391–1399. doi:10.1021/ac0693722
Robert_Kennedy_(chemist)
Class of compounds in the nervous system
Smith SL, Kulkarni RS, Rowley HL (August 2008). "New perspectives from microdialysis studies in freely-moving, spontaneously hypertensive rats on the pharmacology
Monoaminergic activity enhancer
Monoaminergic_activity_enhancer
Medical sampling method
needed] The first OFM sampling probe to be used as an alternative to microdialysis was described in an Austrian patent application filed by Falko Skrabal
Open_flow_microperfusion
Blood glucose measurement device
entrapped in a sealed microdialysis tube, in the same lab, namely of J Schultz, in 2001 another study was published using microdialysis fibres using a Fret
Fluorescent_glucose_biosensor
Pharmaceutical compound
endogenous modulator, interacts with dopamine release measured in vivo by microdialysis". European Journal of Pharmacology. 358 (2): 129–137. doi:10
5-HT-moduline
Professor of neuroscience
serotonergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus: a combined in vivo microdialysis/EEG study in rats". European Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (9). Federation
Astrid_Linthorst
Biopsychologist and neuroscientist
Louisville Behavioral Approaches to Brain Research (1983) ISBN 9780195032581 Microdialysis in the Neurosciences (1991) ISBN 9780444811943 Robinson, T. E., & Becker
Terry_Earl_Robinson
disease for the first time in India. He is known to have introduced microdialysis of brain and stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy for the first time
N._K._Venkataramana
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
vanoxerine showed an identical 2nM IC50 affinity for the DAT, in vivo microdialysis studies showed that PR-608 produced much more robust increases in extracellular
PR-000608
Serotonin 5-HT1B receptor antagonist
GABA in the frontal cortex and ventral hippocampus of awake rats: a microdialysis study". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (9): 580–586. doi:10.1016/j
NAS-181
Chemical compound
abnormal involuntary movements in rat: A chronic administration study with microdialysis measurements". Neuropharmacology. 105: 651–660. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm
Befiradol
Protein metabolic pathway
maintained in the absence of muscle acidosis: insights from muscle microdialysis in humans with McArdle's disease". The Journal of Physiology. 537 (Pt
Purine_nucleotide_cycle
Type of physiotherapy
collagen changes in human peritendinous connective tissue determined by microdialysis". Journal of Applied Physiology. 102 (1): 214–220. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol
Mechanotherapy
dopaminergic function: a combined in vivo electrophysiological and microdialysis study. Neuroscience. 1999;91(2):587-97. Mccafferty C, David F, Venzi
Giuseppe_Di_Giovanni
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS
Boy/Male
Tamil
Greece
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Weapon
Female
English
Short form of French Nicolette, COLETTE means "victor of the people."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Male
Native American
(Chas-chunk-a) Native American Winnebago name CHASCHUNKA means "wave."
Female
English
 Feminine form of English Aden, ADENA means "fire."Â
Female
English
Feminine form of English Jacob, JACOBINA means "supplanter."
Girl/Female
German, Greek, Shakespearean
Universal; Complete; Well Born; Stone; Earthly; Of the Earth
Girl/Female
Hindu
Friendly
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Protector of Love
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS
MICRODIALYSIS