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Jain monk and scholar
Merutuṅga was a medieval scholar from present-day Gujarat in India and was a Śvētāmbara Jain monk of the Achal Gaccha. He is presently most well-known
Merutunga
King of Malwa from 1010 to 1055
Munshi states, dates are "the weakest point in Merutunga's narratives". A. K. Warder, who dismisses Merutunga as "completely unreliable" and his narratives
Bhoja
Prithvi-Vallabha
972 CE. According to Prabandha-Chintamani by the 14th century writer Merutunga, Munja was an adopted child of the king Simhadantabhatta (Siyaka). The
Vakpati_Munja
14th century collection of biographical narratives from India
1304 CE, in the Vaghela kingdom of present-day Gujarat, by Jain scholar Merutunga. The book is divided into five prakashas (parts): Prakasha I Vikramarka
Prabandha-Chintamani
Hindu-Jain temple in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, India (12th-century)
such. Centuries later, Bhoja remained a revered figure as evidenced by Merutuṅga's Prabandhacintāmaṇi, completed in Gujarat in the early fourteenth century
Bhojshala
King of Gujarat from 1022 to 1064
Sindh. This claim has also been repeated by the 14th-century chronicler Merutuṅga. Hemacandra's account of Bhīma's war against Sindh goes like this: one
Bhima_I
King of Gujarat from 1092 to 1142
killed. Merutunga claims that Khangara defeated Jayasimha 11 times, but the Chaulukya king emerged victorious in the 12th battle. Merutunga's claim cannot
Jayasimha_Siddharaja
Marble Jain figure
among the Jains, as we learn from episodes in the Prabandhacintāmaṇi of Merutunga. The inscription is dated Vikrama year 1091 (1034-35 CE), with king Bhoja
Ambika_Statue_from_Dhar
Temple in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, India
form of this goddess. This is confirmed by the Prabandhacintāmaṇi of Merutunga, a text of the early 1300s, that records how the Jain savant Dhanapāla
Kamal_Maula_Mosque
Dynasty of ancient India
of Chavdas. The Prabandhachintámaṇi and Vicháraśreṇi were written by Merutunga. The Prabandhachintámaṇi is a short historical compilation; the Vicháraśreṇi
Chavda_dynasty
Queen of Chaulukyas
again. Her earlier life is not known, according to Prabandhachintamani of Merutunga, she was daughter of Paramardi. One theory identifies this Paramardi as
Naiki_Devi
King of Gujarat from 1143 to 1172
Mahaviracharita), Prabhachandra, Somaprabha (Kumarapala-Pratibodha), Merutunga (Prabandha-Chintamani), Jayasimha Suri, Rajashekhara and Jina-Mandana
Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)
Kumarapala_(Chaulukya_dynasty)
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Patan, India
Allauddin Khilji in 1298. Prabandha-Chintamani, composed by the Jain monk Merutunga in 1304, mentions: "Udayamati, the daughter of Naravaraha Khengara, built
Rani_ki_Vav
Dynasty of Avanti
Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years. According to 'Visarasreni' of Merutunga, Palaka was the son of Pradyota who have ruled from c. 659–635 BCE. He
Pradyota_dynasty
Ruling dynasty of Magadha (c. 345–322 BCE)
Merutunga's writings—lasted from 467 BCE to 312 BCE. According to historian R. C. Majumdar, while all the chronological details provided by Merutunga
Nanda_Empire
Hindu temple in Madhya Pradesh, India
construction of a Saraswati temple to him (see Bhoj Shala). The Jain writer Merutunga, in his Prabandha-Chintamani, states that Bhoja constructed 104 temples
Bhojeshwar_Temple
1178 battle in India
Majumdar criticised the writing of Merutunga who used mythical stories to fascinate his readers. In any case, Merutunga is dismissed as "completely unreliable"
Battle_of_Kasahrada
only one Bhadrabahu. Two 14th-century texts by Śvetāmbara authors - Merutunga's Prabandha Chintamani and Rajashekhara-suri's Prabandha Kosha (Chaturvimsati
Bhadrabahu_III
Dynasty of medieval India (1244–1304)
from the Chaulukya dynasty. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, the earliest known member of the Vaghela family – "Dhavala" – married
Vaghela_dynasty
King of Gujarat from 1171 to 1175
Hemachandra's Dvyashraya in the 13th century. The 14th-century chronicler Merutunga also repeats this claim in his Theravali, but describes Ajayapala as a
Ajayapala_(Chaulukya_dynasty)
Town in Gujarat, India
important place of pilgrimage for the followers of Jainism. Jain Acharya Merutunga called it Shankhpur in his works. A temple is described as being built
Shankheshwar
King of Gujarat from 1064 to 1092
corroborated by any historical evidence. The 14th century chronicler Merutunga states that Bhima's three sons were Mularaja, Karna and Haripala. Of these
Karna_I
Most populous city in Gujarat, India
early Bhil tribal group settlement was known as Ashaval. According to Merutunga, Karna, the Chaulukya (Solanki) ruler of Anhilvada (modern Patan), successfully
Ahmedabad
Nainsi in his chronicle Nainsi ri Khyat, the 14th-century Jain scholar Merutuṅga, author of the Prabandha-Chintāmaṇi, described the Yadava kings of Junagadh–Girnar
Sarvaiya
Indian mathematician-astronomer-astrologer (505–587)
historically inaccurate legends about the ancestry of Varāhamihira: Jain writers Merutunga (14th century) and Rajashekhara-Suri claim that his original name was
Varāhamihira
King of Gujarat from 1296 to 1304
is known about his reign. According to medieval chronicles (such as Merutunga's Vichara-shreni and Padmanābha's Kanhadade Prabandha), Karna had abducted
Karna_II
King of Gujarat in 1008
Vachinidevi appointed Vallabha as the new king. The 14th-century writer Merutunga, on the other hand, claims that Vallabha ascended the throne after his
Vallabharaja
attributed to Ramachandra, disciple Hemachandra, in Prabandha-Chintamani of Merutunga, Jayasimha is referred as Giridurgamalla, i. e. the "Champion of the Giridurga
Navaghana (late 11th century king)
Navaghana_(late_11th_century_king)
Shunga Emperor from 185 to 149 BCE
last Mauryan emperor Brihadratha Maurya. According to Vicarasreni of Merutunga, Pushyamitra or Pushpamitra got his throne in 204 BC. Subsequently, he
Pushyamitra_Shunga
King of Ajmer from 1177 to 1192
city's temples. Prabandha Chintamani by the 14th-century Jain scholar Merutunga states that Prithviraj cut off the ears of one of his ministers, who guided
Prithviraj_Chauhan
Ibrāhīmī) by Firishta Tārīkh-i-Firuz Shāhī by Ziauddin Barani Vicāraśreṇī by Merutunga Akbarnama by Abul Fazl Tughlaq Nama by Amir Khusrau[citation needed] Padshahnama
Historiography_of_India
King of Chavda dynasty
to the Cālukya king Vijayāditya, who was also known as Bhuvanāśraya. Merutuṇga, the author of the Prabandhachintāmaṇi, tells a story that Rupasundarī
Vanaraja_Chavda
comes from legendary accounts, including Hemachandra (12th century), Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani (14th century), Rajavallabha's Bhoja-Charitra (15th
Military_career_of_Bhoja
King of Gujarat from 941 to 996
hand, identifies it with modern Mathura. The 14th century chronicler Merutunga states that Mularaja was so named, because he was born under the auspices
Mularaja
Indian dynasty that ruled Gujarat from 940 to 1244
Paramara king Bhoja around 1055 CE. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhima and Lakshmi-Karna invaded Bhoja’s kingdom of Malwa from two opposite
Chaulukya_dynasty
Indian dynasty (948–1305)
king Karna attacked his kingdom. According to the 14th-century author Merutunga, Bhoja died of a disease at the same time the allied army attacked his
Paramara_dynasty
attributed to Ramachandra, disciple Hemachandra, in Prabandha-Chintamani of Merutunga, Jayasimha is referred as Giridurgamalla, i. e. the "Champion of the Giridurga
Khengara_(12th_century_king)
Genre of medieval Indian Sanskrit literature
century collection Puratana Prabandha Samgraha Valabhi-Bhanga prabandha in Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani is also copied from Prabandhavali. The Padaliptacharya
Prabandha
10th Century Paramaran King
brother Munja as the Paramara king. According to the 14th-century poet Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani, Sindhuraja was the biological son of Simhadantabhatta
Sindhuraja
King of Haihayas kingdom
Abhira Ranaka, in Hemachandra's reference to Graharipu in Dvyashraya. Merutunga claims in his prose that Abhira Ranaka, Navaghana defeated Jayasimha eleven
Kartavirya_Arjuna
Tourist place and lake in Ahmedabad, India
various versions of its origin. According to the 14th-century chronicler Merutunga, Chaulukya ruler Karna built a temple dedicated to the goddess Kochharba
Kankaria_Lake
King of Ujjain
kidnapped the sister of Kalakacharya II (a Jain monk). According to Merutunga's Vicarasreni, he rose to power in 74 BCE and was defeated by Sakas in
Gardabhilla
Legendary emperor of Ujjain, India
Somaprabha's Kumara-Pala-Pratibodha (1184) Kalakacharya-Katha (before 1279) Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani (1304) Jinaprabhasuri's Vividha-Tirtha-Kalpa (1315)
Vikramaditya
King of Gujarat from 1008 to 1022
powerful kings by Durlabha also seems implausible. The 14th century writer Merutunga claims that after his retirement, Durlabha passed through Malwa on his
Durlabharaja (Chaulukya dynasty)
Durlabharaja_(Chaulukya_dynasty)
Jain author
had much influence on the court of the Paramāra rulers. According to Merutunga, Dhānapāla was the leading paṇḍit in the kingdom. Dhanapāla is best known
Dhanapāla
King of Malwa from 1133 to 1142
Prabandha-Chintamani by the 14th century author Merutunga mentions a different cause for the war. According to Merutunga, Yashovarman invaded the Chaulukya capital
Yashovarman_of_Malwa
Abhinava-Siddharaja Saptama-Chakravarti Bala-Narayana
and another near Mount Abu. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhima's general Jagaddeva Pratihara was defeated in a battle against
Bhima_II
King of Sapadalaksha
Chahamanas over the Gurjaras. However, the Gujarat-based 14th century poet Merutunga gives a different account of events. According to his Prabandha-Chintamani
Vigraharaja_II
Central Indian dynasty (675–1212)
simultaneously from opposite directions. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhoja died just as the two kings attacked Malwa. Lakshmikarna seized
Kalachuris_of_Tripuri
Founder of the Western Chalukya Empire
inscriptions and literary works. According to the 14th century Jain scholar Merutunga, whose Prabandha-Chintamani account of Munja is based on a now-lost Apabhramsa
Tailapa_II
King of Gujarat from 1175 to 1178
life in a battle at Kakaḍādaha. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Naikidevi fought the Muslims at Gāḍarāraghaṭṭa. This appears to be same
Mularaja_II
considered miraculous. It is mentioned in Prabandha-Chintamani written by Merutunga. The tank kept finding its reference and mentions citing Siddharaja since
Brahma_Kund
Hundred Year War between the Chalukya and Chola Empires
Retrieved 13 July 2025. Chalukya wiki-Chalukya "Prabandha-Chintamani" of Merutunga Vijnanesvara's " Mitakshara" Kirthi Verma's "Govaidya " "Ajitapurana and
Chola–Chalukya_Wars
Chalukyas of Lar Desha or Lata region
have been made the governor of the Lata region by Tailapa. According to Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani, Barappa and the ruler of Sapadalaksha (the Chahamana
Chalukyas_of_Lata
Original name of Ahmedabad, India
Chaulukya(Solanki) king Karna (r. c. 1064–1092 CE). The 14th century chronicler Merutunga states that Karna established the city of Karnavati after this victory
Ashaval
Place in Madhya Pradesh, India
The attribution of the temple to Bhoja is based on the testimony of Merutuṅga, who reports in the Prabandhacintāmaṇi that Bhoja bestowed on the poet
Bhojpur,_Madhya_Pradesh
King of Malwa from 1210 to 1215
invaded the kingdom of the Chaulukyas of Gujarat. The 14th century writer Merutunga calls him the "destroyer of Gujarat". Arjuna defeated Jayanta-simha (or
Arjunavarman
King of Malwa from 948 to 972
inscription; some scholars believe that Siyaka I is a fictional person. Merutunga, in his Prabandha-Chintamani, names the king as Simha-danta-bhata (alternatively
Siyaka
only one Bhadrabahu. Two 14th-century texts by Śvetāmbara authors - Merutunga's Prabandha Chintamani and Rajashekhara-suri's Prabandha Kosha (Chaturvimsati
Bhadrabahu_II
Maharajadhiraja-Parameshvara
Dvyashraya, Kumarapala Charita, and Prabandha-Chintamani. According to Merutunga, the author of Prabandha Chintamani, Arnoraja attacked Gujarat because
Arnoraja
City in Gujarat, India
mentioned in Nimbavati story of Dashakumaracharita, Ācārāṅga Sūtra, Merutunga's Prabandhachintamani (1305 CE), Puratana-prabandha-sangraha (before 15th
Kheda
Jain temple on Girnar hill in Gujarat, India
prabandhas mentioning the reconstruction with minute variations. According to Merutunga's Prabandhachintamani, Sajjana opted to use three years worth of revenue
Neminath_Jain_Temple,_Girnar
16th Tirthankara in Jainism in current cycle of Jain cosmology
praising Ajitnatha and Shantinatha. Mahapurusha Charitra, compiled by Merutunga in the 13th—14th centuries, talks about Shantinatha. Santikara was compiled
Shantinatha
1866 Gujarati historical novel by Nandshankar Mehta
Many contemporary Jain chronicles such as the Prabandhachintamani of Merutunga (1305), Dharmaranya (written between 1300 and 1450), and Tirthakalpataru
Karan_Ghelo
Indian king from the Paramara dynasty
Lata region (southern Gujarat). According to the 14th century writer Merutunga, Subhatavarman retreated from the Gujarat border after a minister of the
Subhatavarman
Cluster of abandoned temples in Sindh, Pakistan
completed by his son Mahio. The image was formally reconsecrated by Acharya Merutunga Suri of Anchala Gachchha, thus establishing the Gori Parshvanth Tirth
Nagarparkar_Jain_temples
King of Malwa from 1094 to 1133
Naravarman. However, other chroniclers such as Hemachandra, Arisimha, and Merutunga state that the Chalukya king imprisoned Naravarman's successor Yashovarman
Naravarman
the end of the thirteenth century. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 60, 65. Merutunga Ācārya (1901). The Prabandhacintāmani or Wishing Stone or Wishing Stone
History_of_Ahmedabad
1299–1304 Khalji military campaign
the Muslim chroniclers). According to the 14th century Jain chronicler Merutunga's Vichara-shreni, Karna's Nagara minister Madhava brought the invaders
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat
Alauddin_Khalji's_conquest_of_Gujarat
Ruler of Tripuri (c. 1041–1073)
Lakshmikarna attacked it from the east. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhoja died just as the two kings attacked Malwa. Bhima and Lakshmikarna
Lakshmikarna
13th century Vaghela prime minister
Vastupala-prashasti, and Udayaprabha's Vastupala-stuti mention his activities. Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani (1305 CE); Rajashekhara's Prabandha-kosha (1349
Vastupala
Śvetāmbara Jain temple in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
brought to Nagarparkar, where it was formally reconsecrated by Acharya Merutunga Suri of Anchala Gachchha. Later, according to instructions he received
Godiji
British educator and translator (1837–1922)
(Vol I online) (Vol II online) Kathākoça (1895) — Jain stories (online) Merutunga: Prabandhacintāmaṇi (1899-1901) — Jain stories (online) Thomas, F. W.
Charles_Henry_Tawney
13th-century king who ruled the present-day Mumbai area
Keshideva II. The chronicles of Gujarat, such as Hemachandra's Dvyasśaya and Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani, which record the achievements of Chaulukya monarchs
Bhima_of_Mahikavati
Chudasama king from 941 to 996
Mularaja and Laksha has also been mentioned by the 14th century writer Merutunga in Prabandhachintamani. According to this version, Laksha (or Lakha) was
Graharipu
King of Tripuri from 1015 to 1041
retreat. The Kalvan inscription, the Udaipur Prashasti inscription and Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani state that Bhoja defeated the ruler of Chedi. Parijata-Manjari
Gangeyadeva
12th century queen of Saurashtra, India
the Chaulukya era chronicles such as Puratana-prabandha-sangraha or Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani but instead they give name Sonaladevi and Sunaladevi
Ranakadevi
Literature in the Gujarati language of India
poems of this period include Śrīdhara's Raṇamalla Chhanda (1398 AD), Merutunga's Prabandhachintamani, Padmanābha's Kānhaḍade Prabandha (1456 AD) and Bhīma's
Gujarati_literature
MERUTUNGA
MERUTUNGA
MERUTUNGA
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Short form of Hindi Kapila, KAPIL means "reddish-brown."
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