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Edge that connects a node to itself
In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a buckle) is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending
Loop_(graph_theory)
Vertices connected in pairs by edges
In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some
Graph_(discrete_mathematics)
Graph with oriented edges
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a directed graph (or digraph) is a graph that is made up of a set of vertices connected by directed
Directed_graph
Directed graph with no directed cycles
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it
Directed_acyclic_graph
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
Area of discrete mathematics
computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context
Graph_theory
Flow graph invented by Claude Shannon
signal-flow graph theory builds on that of directed graphs (also called digraphs), which includes as well that of oriented graphs. This mathematical theory of
Signal-flow_graph
Graph with nodes connected in a closed chain
In graph theory, a cycle graph or circular graph is a graph that consists of a single cycle, or in other words, some number of vertices (at least 3, if
Cycle_graph
Number of edges touching a vertex in a graph
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes
Degree_(graph_theory)
Set of edges without common vertices
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a matching or independent edge set in an undirected graph is a set of edges without common vertices. In
Matching_(graph_theory)
Graphical representation of a computer program or algorithm
In computer science, a control-flow graph (CFG) is a representation, using graph notation, of all paths that might be traversed through a function during
Control-flow_graph
Length of shortest path between two nodes of a graph
mathematical field of graph theory, the distance between two vertices in a graph is the number of edges in a shortest path (also called a graph geodesic) connecting
Distance_(graph_theory)
discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, mathematical logic, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Maximal subgraph whose vertices can reach each other
In graph theory, a component of an undirected graph is a connected subgraph that is not part of any larger connected subgraph. The components of any graph
Component_(graph_theory)
Graph with same nodes as but complementary connections to another
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the complement or inverse of a graph G is a graph H on the same vertices such that two distinct vertices are
Complement_graph
Graph generated by a random process
The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory. From a mathematical perspective, random graphs are used
Random_graph
Cycles going through a hierarchy
1999). "Simultaneous intersection representation of pairs of graphs". Journal of Graph Theory. 32 (2): 171–190. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0118(199910)32:2<171::AID-JGT7>3
Strange_loop
Topics referred to by the same term
Fediverse Control loop, a fundamental component of control systems Loop (algebra), a quasigroup with an identity element Loop (graph theory), an edge that
Loop
Appendix:Glossary of graph theory in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes
Glossary_of_graph_theory
Undirected, connected, and acyclic graph
In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by exactly one path, or equivalently, a connected
Tree_(graph_theory)
Graph representing faces of another graph
mathematical discipline of graph theory, the dual graph of a planar graph G is a graph that has a vertex for each face of G. The dual graph has an edge for each
Dual_graph
Study of graphs defined by geometric means
Geometric graph theory in the broader sense is a large and amorphous subfield of graph theory, concerned with graphs defined by geometric means. In a stricter
Geometric_graph_theory
3-regular graph with no 3-edge-coloring
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a snark is an undirected graph with exactly three edges per vertex whose edges cannot be colored with only three
Snark_(graph_theory)
Visualization of variable interrelationships
Causal loop – Type of temporal paradox Bayesian network – Probabilistic graphical representation of causal relationships Directed acyclic graph – Directed
Causal_loop_diagram
Branch of engineering and mathematics
Stability criterion in control theoryPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Signal-flow graph – Flow graph invented by Claude Shannons Stable
Control_theory
Form taken by the network of interconnections of a circuit
l. The term loop in this context is not the same as the usual meaning of loop in graph theory. The set of branches forming a given loop is called a tie
Circuit_topology_(electrical)
Subgraph with contracted edges
In graph theory, an undirected graph H is called a minor of the graph G if H can be formed from G by deleting edges and vertices and by contracting edges
Graph_minor
Square matrix used to represent a graph or network
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent a finite graph. The elements of the matrix indicate whether
Adjacency_matrix
of graph theory, the sphericity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the smallest dimension of Euclidean space required to realize the graph as
Sphericity_(graph_theory)
Model for a random simple path
mathematics, loop-erased random walk is a model for a random simple path with important applications in combinatorics, physics and quantum field theory. It is
Loop-erased_random_walk
Subgraph induced by all nodes linked to a given node of a graph
In graph theory, the neighbourhood of a vertex v in a graph G is the subgraph of G induced by all the vertices that are connected to v by an edge (vertices
Neighbourhood_(graph_theory)
Partition of a graph whose components are reachable from all vertices
In the mathematical theory of directed graphs, a graph is said to be strongly connected if every vertex is reachable from every other vertex. The strongly
Strongly_connected_component
Directed graph whose edges are labelled invertibly by elements of a group
In graph theory, a voltage graph is a directed graph whose edges are labelled invertibly by elements of a group. It is formally identical to a gain graph
Voltage_graph
Binary operation on graphs
graph theory, a graph product is a binary operation on graphs. Specifically, it is an operation that takes two graphs G1 and G2 and produces a graph H
Graph_product
Study of graphs as a representation of relations between discrete objects
science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these
Network_theory
In mathematics, especially abstract algebra, loop theory and quasigroup theory are active research areas with many open problems. As in other areas of
List of problems in loop theory and quasigroup theory
List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory
Mixing property of Markov chains and graphs
In theoretical computer science, graph theory, and mathematics, the conductance is a parameter of a Markov chain that is closely tied to its mixing time
Conductance_(graph_theory)
Graph divided into two independent sets
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint and independent sets
Bipartite_graph
Graph with sign-labeled edges
In the area of graph theory in mathematics, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has a positive or negative sign. A signed graph is balanced if
Signed_graph
Two closely related models for generating random graphs
the mathematical field of graph theory, the Erdős–Rényi models are two closely related models for generating random graphs and the evolution of a random
Erdős–Rényi_model
Infinite graph containing all countable graphs
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Rado graph, Erdős–Rényi graph, or random graph is a countably infinite graph that can be constructed (with
Rado_graph
Mathematical theory on behavior of connected clusters in a random graph
random graphs Fractal – Infinitely detailed mathematical structure Giant component – Large connected component of a random graph Graph theory – Area of
Percolation_theory
Automated method for solving mazes
once. Mazes containing no loops are known as "simply connected", or "perfect" mazes, and are equivalent to a tree in graph theory. Maze-solving algorithms
Maze-solving_algorithm
2002 science fiction novel by Australian author Greg Egan
spacetime. Quantum Graph Theory (QGT) is a fictional improvement of the real theory of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), with quantum graphs in the former being
Schild's_Ladder
Automated methods for the creation of mazes
there are regions of the graph that are wasted because they do not contribute to the search space. If the graph contains loops, then there may be multiple
Maze_generation_algorithm
Generalization of graph theory
hypergraph is a generalization of a graph in which an edge can join any number of vertices. In contrast, in an ordinary graph, an edge connects exactly two
Hypergraph
Matrix representation of a graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Laplacian matrix, also called the graph Laplacian, admittance matrix, Kirchhoff matrix, or discrete Laplacian
Laplacian_matrix
Graph modeling collaboration in a social network
graphs are useful in establishing and evaluating research networks. By construction, the collaboration graph is a simple graph, since it has no loop-edges
Collaboration_graph
Graph with multiple edges between two vertices
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called parallel edges)
Multigraph
Graph with at most one cycle per component
In graph theory, a pseudoforest is an undirected graph in which every connected component has at most one cycle. That is, it is a system of vertices and
Pseudoforest
Diagram of behavior of finite state systems
classic form of state diagram for a finite automaton (FA) is a directed graph with the following elements (Q, Σ, Z, δ, q0, F): Vertices Q: a finite set
State_diagram
Graph with tight clique-coloring relation
In graph theory, a perfect graph is a graph in which the chromatic number equals the size of the maximum clique, both in the graph itself and in every
Perfect_graph
Feynman diagram with only one cycle
together into an edge. Diagrams with loops (in graph theory, these kinds of loops are called cycles, while the word loop is an edge connecting a vertex with
One-loop_Feynman_diagram
Assignment of labels to elements of a graph
discipline of graph theory, a graph labeling is the assignment of labels, traditionally represented by integers, to edges and/or vertices of a graph. Formally
Graph_labeling
Methodic assignment of colors to elements of a graph
In graph theory, graph coloring is a methodic assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph. The assignment is subject to certain
Graph_coloring
Finiteness of sets of forbidden graph minors
graph theory, the Robertson–Seymour theorem (also called the graph minors theorem) states that the undirected graphs, partially ordered by the graph minor
Robertson–Seymour_theorem
one vertex and m {\displaystyle m} edges, all of which are self-loops. It is the graph-theoretic analogue of the topological rose, a space of m {\displaystyle
Bouquet_graph
In graph theory, edges incident/directed between the same vertices
In graph theory, multiple edges (also called parallel edges or a multi-edge), are, in an undirected graph, two or more edges that are incident to the same
Multiple_edges
Matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects
common graph representation in graph theory. It is different to an adjacency matrix, which encodes the relation of vertex-vertex pairs. In graph theory an
Incidence_matrix
Algorithm for finding the shortest paths in graphs
shortest path in the graph. The correctness of the algorithm can be shown by induction: Lemma. After i repetitions of for loop, if Distance(u) is not
Bellman–Ford_algorithm
On coloring the edges of graphs
In graph theory, Vizing's theorem states that every simple undirected graph may be edge colored using a number of colors that is at most one larger than
Vizing's_theorem
Describing a family of graphs by excluding certain (sub)graphs
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, many important families of graphs can be described by a finite set of individual graphs that do not belong to
Forbidden graph characterization
Forbidden_graph_characterization
geometric group theory, a graph of groups is an object consisting of a collection of groups indexed by the vertices and edges of a graph, together with
Graph_of_groups
Class of artificial neural networks
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are artificial neural networks designed for tasks whose inputs are graphs. Because graphs usually do not have a canonical
Graph_neural_network
Abstraction of linear independence of vectors
to a geometric lattice. Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction
Matroid
Logical formulation of graph properties
the mathematical fields of graph theory and finite model theory, the logic of graphs deals with formal specifications of graph properties using sentences
Logic_of_graphs
Concept in graph theory
In graph theory, a vertex is incident with an edge if the vertex is one of the two vertices the edge connects. An incidence is a pair ( u , e ) {\displaystyle
Incidence_(graph)
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
as a graph with the horizontal axis frequency ω and the vertical axis gain. In amplifiers, the loop gain is the difference between the open-loop gain
Feedback
automata theory and control theory, branches of mathematics, theoretical computer science and systems engineering, a noncommutative signal-flow graph is a
Noncommutative signal-flow graph
Noncommutative_signal-flow_graph
spectral graph theory, distributed computing, symbolic dynamics, graph neural networks, and category theory, under different names such as graph divisor
Fibrations_of_graphs
On degree sums and Hamiltonian cycles
theorem is a result in graph theory proved in 1960 by Norwegian mathematician Øystein Ore. It gives a sufficient condition for a graph to be Hamiltonian,
Ore's_theorem
Field of electrical engineering
graph. Graph signal processing presents several key points such as sampling signal techniques, recovery techniques and time-varying techiques. Graph signal
Signal_processing
Derived graph of higher chromatic number
In the mathematical area of graph theory, the Mycielskian or Mycielski graph of an undirected graph is a larger graph formed from it by a construction
Mycielskian
Python library for graphs and networks
open source software. Several Python packages focusing on graph theory, including igraph, graph-tool, and numerous others, are available. As of April 2024
NetworkX
Embedding of the circle in three dimensional Euclidean space
of mathematics that studies knots is known as knot theory and has many relations to graph theory. A knot is an embedding of the circle (S1) into three-dimensional
Knot_(mathematics)
Type of random graph
In statistical mechanics, probability theory, graph theory, etc. the random cluster model is a random graph that generalizes and unifies the Ising model
Random_cluster_model
On the number of spanning trees in a graph
mathematical field of graph theory, Kirchhoff's theorem or Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem is a theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph. It states
Kirchhoff's_theorem
Structure-preserving correspondence between node-link graphs
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a graph homomorphism is a mapping between two graphs that respects their structure. More concretely, it is a
Graph_homomorphism
Family of cubic graphs formed from regular and star polygons
In graph theory, the generalized Petersen graphs are a family of cubic graphs formed by connecting the vertices of a regular polygon to the corresponding
Generalized_Petersen_graph
Graph where most nodes are reachable in a small number of steps
network example Hubs are bigger than other nodes A small-world network is a graph characterized by a high clustering coefficient and low distances. In an
Small-world_network
Visual technique in topological graph theory
topological graph theory, a ribbon graph is a way to represent graph embeddings, equivalent in power to signed rotation systems and graph-encoded maps
Ribbon_graph
In graph theory, the Graham–Pollak theorem states that the edges of an n {\displaystyle n} -vertex complete graph cannot be partitioned into fewer than
Graham–Pollak_theorem
On forbidden minors in planar graphs
vertex. In some versions of graph minor theory the graph resulting from a contraction is simplified by removing self-loops and multiple adjacencies, while
Wagner's_theorem
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
cycles that exist in the graph: those cycles that do not contain other cycles within themselves. Because each exit point loops back to the entry point
Cyclomatic_complexity
Copy of a directed graph with redundant edges removed
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a transitive reduction of a directed graph D is another directed graph with the same vertices and as few edges
Transitive_reduction
H-infinity loop-shaping is a design methodology in modern control theory. It combines the traditional intuition of classical control methods, such as
H-infinity_loop-shaping
Mathematical group that can be generated as the set of powers of a single element
directional path on the graph, and the inverse generator defines a backwards path. A trivial path (identity) can be drawn as a loop but is usually suppressed
Cyclic_group
In algebraic topology and graph theory, graph homology describes the homology groups of a graph, where the graph is considered as a topological space.
Graph_homology
Pictorial representation of the behavior of subatomic particles
book-keeping device of covariant perturbation theory, the graphs were called Feynman–Dyson diagrams or Dyson graphs, because the path integral was unfamiliar
Feynman_diagram
Intersection graph for curves in the plane
graph theory, a string graph is an intersection graph of curves in the plane; each curve is called a "string". Given a graph G, G is a string graph if
String_graph
Algebraic encoding of graph connectivity
is a graph polynomial. It is a polynomial in two variables which plays an important role in graph theory. It is defined for every undirected graph G {\displaystyle
Tutte_polynomial
Method in electronic engineering
{b_{0}+b_{1}Z^{-1}+b_{2}Z^{-2}}{1+a_{1}Z^{-1}+a_{2}Z^{-2}}}\,} The signal flow graph has six loops. They are: L 0 = − β s M {\displaystyle L_{0}=-{\frac {\beta }{sM}}\
Mason's_gain_formula
Hypothetical physical concept
remaining problems of grand unified theories. In addition to explaining the forces listed in the graph, a theory of everything may also explain the status
Theory_of_everything
Graph which can be made planar by removing a single node
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, an apex graph is a graph that can be made planar by the removal of a single vertex. The deleted vertex is called
Apex_graph
Graphical method of determining the stability of a dynamical system
0) is exactly the number of unstable poles of the closed-loop system. However, if the graph happens to pass through the point − 1 + j 0 {\displaystyle
Nyquist_stability_criterion
Topological structure in loop quantum gravity
Group field theory Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity String-net liquid Perez, Alejandro (2004). "[gr-qc/0409061] Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity
Spin_foam
Mathematical object that generalizes the standard notions of sets and functions
vertices of the graph, and the morphisms are the paths in the graph (augmented with loops as needed) where composition of morphisms is concatenation of
Category_(mathematics)
Network whose degree distribution follows a power law
; Tanaka, R.; Doyle, J.C.; Willinger, W. (2005). "Towards a Theory of Scale-Free Graphs: Definition, Properties, and Implications (Extended Version)"
Scale-free_network
Mathematical category
category Grph of graphs and their associated homomorphisms is a topos whose final object 1 is the graph with one vertex and one edge (a self-loop), but is not
Topos
Operation on graphs
In graph theory, ΔY- and YΔ-transformations (also written delta-wye and wye-delta) are a pair of operations on graphs. A ΔY-transformation replaces a triangle
YΔ-_and_ΔY-transformation
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Girl/Female
Indian
Grape like
Male
Dutch
, Jehovah's gift (or grace).
Boy/Male
Arabic, Modern
Grape
Male
French
French form of Latin Lupus, LOUP means "wolf."
Boy/Male
Arabic
The Biblical Lot is the English Language Equivalent
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Telugu
Grape
Girl/Female
Hindu
Look, Blessed with beauty, Shape, Beauty
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Loop; Autumn
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle English coupe ‘tub’, ‘container’ (see Cooper). In some cases the surname may have been derived from a pub or house sign.Dutch : from koop ‘purchase’, ‘bargain’, hence a nickname for a haggler or a metonymic occupational name for a merchant.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Look, Blessed with beauty, Shape, Beauty
Boy/Male
British, English
Barrel Maker
Boy/Male
Indian
Grape
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Traditional
Look; Beauty; Appearance
Boy/Male
Dutch, German, Hebrew
God will Multiply; God will Add
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : from a short form of the Germanic personal name Robrecht.Altered spelling of German Rupp.English : variant spelling of Roope.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly from the Old Norse personal name Tópi, Túpi, a short form of a personal name formed with þórr, name of the Norse god of thunder (see Thor) + a second element with initial b-, for example björn ‘bear’, ‘warrior’. On the other hand, the name is found mainly in Dorset and Devon, which are far from areas of Scandinavian settlement.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Grape
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset)
English (Somerset) : habitational name from Look in Puncknowle, Dorset, named in Old English with lūce ‘enclosure’.English : possibly a variant of Luck 3.Northern English and Scottish : from a vernacular pet form of Lucas.Dutch (van Look) : topographic name from look ‘enclosure’ or habitational name from a place named with this word.Thomas Look (b. c. 1622) was in Lynn, MA, by 1646. His son, also called Thomas (b. 1646), moved to Martha’s Vineyard about 1670.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : habitational name from any of several places called Loose or Loosey.North German : from a short form of Nikolaus, German form of Nicholas.Dutch : nickname from the adjective loos ‘cunning’, ‘artful’, ‘guileful’.English : variant spelling of Loose.
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
Female
African
wonder.
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Ketil.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Perfect one
Male
Hebrew
(יַחְצְ×ֵל) Hebrew name YACHTSE'EL means "whom God allots." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Naphtali. the English form is Jahzeel.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Aroma; Fragrance
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bean.Probably a translation of German Bohne, which while singular in standard German is also a dialect plural (the singular form being Bohn), or an Americanized spelling of Binz.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Splendour; Radiant; Beauty; Clarity
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Lebanese, Swedish
Combination of Mary and Ellen; Bitterness; Wished for Child; Star of the Sea; Modern
Girl/Female
Muslim
Brave
Boy/Male
Tamil
Name of Lord Shiva, Good Deva
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
LOOP GRAPH-THEORY
v. t.
To let hang down; as, to lop the head.
n.
A curve of any kind in the form of a loop.
n.
The act of looking; a glance; a sight; a view; -- often in certain phrases; as, to have, get, take, throw, or cast, a look.
v. t.
To influence, overawe, or subdue by looks or presence as, to look down opposition.
v. t.
To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon.
v. t.
To beat in the game of loo by winning every trick.
n.
A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.
v. i.
To direct the attention (to something); to consider; to examine; as, to look at an action.
v. t.
To look at; to turn the eyes toward.
v. i.
To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance; as, the patient looks better; the clouds look rainy.
v. t.
To break over the poop or stern, as a wave.
pl.
of Trou-de-loup
n.
Expression of the eyes and face; manner; as, a proud or defiant look.
n.
See Loon, the bird.
v. t.
To make a loop of or in; to fasten with a loop or loops; -- often with up; as, to loop a string; to loop up a curtain.
n.
See 1st Loop.
n.
Hence; Appearance; aspect; as, the house has a gloomy look; the affair has a bad look.
v. t.
To express or manifest by a look.
v. t.
To confine in a coop; hence, to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; to cramp; -- usually followed by up, sometimes by in.