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Apparent oscillation of a minor body seen from the major body it orbits
In lunar astronomy, libration is the cyclic variation in the apparent position of the Moon that is perceived by observers on the Earth and caused by changes
Libration
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
Lagrange points (/ləˈɡrɑːndʒ/), also called the Lagrangian points or libration points, are points of equilibrium for small-mass objects under the gravitational
Lagrange_point
Quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point
In orbital mechanics, a libration point orbit (LPO) is a quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point. Libration is a form of orbital motion exhibited
Libration_point_orbit
Concentrations of dust in the Earth–Moon system
The Kordylewski clouds, sometimes called the lunar libration clouds, are concentrations of dust that exist at the L4 and L5 Lagrange points of the Earth–Moon
Kordylewski_cloud
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
to the different angles at which the Moon can appear in Earth's sky (libration), making parts of the far side of the Moon visible. The Moon has been
Moon
The Moon's circuit around Earth
be able to see one additional degree's worth of libration in latitude. Besides these "optical librations" caused by the change in perspective for an observer
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Slight rocking motion of an object
Libration (from the Latin verb librare "to balance, to sway"; cf. libra "scales") is a type of reciprocating motion in which an object with a nearly fixed
Libration_(molecule)
Shape of the Moon's sunlit portion as viewed from Earth
and perigee requires a more elaborate calculation. Also, due to lunar libration it is not uncommon to see up to 101% of the full moon or even up to 5%
Lunar_phase
Military junta of Ethiopia (1974–1987)
The Derg or Dergue (Amharic: ደርግ, lit. 'committee' or 'council'), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), and also often simply
Derg
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Libration point orbit – Quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point Robert Farquhar (1966). "Station-Keeping in the Vicinity of Collinear Libration Points
Halo_orbit
Edge of the visible surface of the Moon
Sidereus Nuncius. The lunar limb is not always the same: because of the libration of the Moon, i.e. small rotational movements as seen from Earth, its profile
Lunar_limb
Hemisphere of the Moon that always faces away from Earth
far side is occasionally visible from Earth due to oscillation and to libration. The remaining 82% remained unobserved until 1959, when it was photographed
Far_side_of_the_Moon
Orbit around Earth between 160 and 2000 km
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Low_Earth_orbit
Natural satellite orbiting Saturn
that at some point it was in a 1:4 forced secondary spin–orbit libration. This libration could have provided Enceladus with an additional heat source.
Enceladus
Situation in which an astronomical object's orbital period matches its rotational period
repeated observations from Earth, due to the phenomena of libration and parallax. Librations are primarily caused by the Moon's varying orbital speed due
Tidal_locking
Hemisphere of the Moon facing the Earth
orbit is both slightly eccentric and inclined to its equatorial plane, libration allows up to 59% of the lunar surface to be visible from Earth over the
Near_side_of_the_Moon
Russian astronomer
Moon's physical libration. He discovered and investigated the asymmetry of the Moon's visible disk and its dependence on optical libration (the "Yakovkin
Avenir_Yakovkin
Type of spacecraft maneuver
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Oberth_effect
Moon of Saturn
crater Herschel was considered to be a more likely explanation for the libration. In 2022, scientists at the Southwest Research Institute identified a
Mimas
Largest dwarf planet
perturbing body—in this case, Neptune. Relative to Neptune, the amplitude of libration is 38°, and so the angular separation of Pluto's perihelion to the orbit
Pluto
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Quasi-periodic orbital trajectory
is used as a transfer point for routine travel to and from the Moon. Libration point orbit Possibly a halo orbit. Sources disagree. Astronomy portal
Lissajous_orbit
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Transatmospheric_orbit
System for specifying positions of celestial objects
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Astronomical coordinate systems
Astronomical_coordinate_systems
Asteroid sharing the orbit of Jupiter
Lagrangian points; the average period of their libration is about 150 years. The amplitude of the libration (along the Jovian orbit) varies from 0.6° to
Jupiter_trojan
Low-energy trajectories in the Solar System
bodies in the solar system Archived 2007-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, Libration Point Orbits and Applications (Eds. G Gomez, M.W. Lo and J.J. Masdemont)
Interplanetary Transport Network
Interplanetary_Transport_Network
Dwarf planet with a ring and two moons
The libration of Haumea's nominal orbit in a rotating frame, with Neptune stationary (see 2 Pallas for an example of non-librating)
Haumea
Configuration of two or more astronomical objects
are several classes of co-orbital objects, depending on their point of libration. The most common and best-known class is the trojan, which librates around
Co-orbital_configuration
Concept in celestial mechanics
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Standard gravitational parameter
Standard_gravitational_parameter
Orbit around Earth
orbit. Named after the writer Arthur C. Clarke. Earth orbital libration points The libration points for objects orbiting Earth are at 105 degrees west and
Geocentric_orbit
2009 studio album by Blut Aus Nord
No. Title Length 1. "Acceptance (Aske)" 1:30 2. "Disciple's Libration (Lost in the Nine Worlds)" 9:06 3. "The Cosmic Echoes of Non-Matter (Immaterial
Memoria Vetusta II – Dialogue with the Stars
Memoria_Vetusta_II_–_Dialogue_with_the_Stars
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Epoch_(astronomy)
1968 photograph of Earth from lunar orbit
Earth-observable surface of the Moon (about 20% of the surface). Since a full libration cycle takes about 27 days, earthrises are very slow, and it takes about
Earthrise
Regular and periodic mutual gravitational influence of orbiting bodies
plutinos) 2:4 Tethys–Mimas (Saturn's moons). Not reduced to 1:2 because the libration of the nodes must be taken into account. 1:2 Dione–Enceladus (Saturn's
Orbital_resonance
Lunar phase when the Moon is fully illuminated
last occurred in 1977 (for the American time zones). A small horizontal libration is visible comparing their appearances. By the 19-year metonic cycle the
Full_moon
Theoretical description of motion of Earth's moon
Jeremiah Horrocks, who proposed a scheme involving an approximate 6 monthly libration in the position of the lunar apogee and also in the size of the elliptical
Lunar_theory
Trans-Neptunian object in a mean-motion orbital resonance with Neptune
(131696) 2001 XT254 is librating in a 3:7 resonance with Neptune. This libration can be stable for less than 100 million to billions of years. Emelʹyanenko
Resonant trans-Neptunian object
Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object
Pattern observed on the Moon's surface
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Man_in_the_Moon
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Robert Farquhar (1966). "Station-Keeping in the Vicinity of Collinear Libration Points with an Application to a Lunar Communications Problem". AAS Science
Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit
Type of co-orbital motion of a small orbiting body relative to a larger orbiting body
it to accelerate or decelerate, causing a change in its orbit known as libration. An example of a tadpole orbit is Polydeuces, a small moon of Saturn which
Horseshoe_orbit
Topics referred to by the same term
well-ordering in term rewriting (computer science) Libertarian Party of Ohio Libration point orbit Licensed Post Office Limited principle of omniscience London
LPO
Crater on the Moon
The position of this crater means that its visibility is subject to the libration of the Moon's visible face. In the 19th century, this briefly led to the
Alhazen_(crater)
Maintenance of a particular orbit
spacecraft are also possible around Lagrange points—also referred to as libration points—five equilibrium points that exist in relation to two larger solar
Orbital_station-keeping
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_inclination
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Delta-v
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Argument_of_periapsis
1966 NASA crewed spaceflight
by thruster firings. Earth-Moon Libration Region Photography: To investigate the regions of the L4 and L5 libration points of the Earth–Moon system to
Gemini_11
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_speed
spacecraft measurements of induced magnetic fields, tidal Love numbers, libration amplitudes, surface geology, and isotopic geochemistry. As of 2026, three
List of ocean worlds in the Solar System
List_of_ocean_worlds_in_the_Solar_System
Measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon with laser light
sky, the relative motion of Earth and the Moon, Earth's rotation, lunar libration, polar motion, weather, speed of light through various layers of the Earth
Lunar Laser Ranging experiments
Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiments
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Geosynchronous_orbit
Region in which an astronomical body dominates the attraction of satellites
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Hill_sphere
Circular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Geostationary_orbit
19 solar year recurrence of lunar phases
repeats on or near Christmas between 1711 and 2300. A small horizontal libration is visible comparing their appearances. A red color shows full moons that
Metonic_cycle
Propulsive maneuver used to arrive at the Moon
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Trans-lunar_injection
Time between successive new moons
Animation of the Moon as it cycles through its phases, as seen from the Northern Hemisphere. The apparent wobbling of the Moon is known as libration.
Lunar_month
Series of mathematical models of the Solar System
caused by the figure of the Earth and Moon, and a model of the lunar librations. The observational data in the fits has been an evolving set, including:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_Development_Ephemeris
Second crewed mission to Skylab
The student experiments performed on Skylab 3 included the study of libration clouds, X-rays from Jupiter, in-vitro immunology, spider web formation
Skylab_3
How large a sphere or circle appears
(2023-03-24). "Earth observations from the Moon's surface: dependence on lunar libration". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 16 (6). Copernicus GmbH: 1527–1537
Angular_diameter
Transfer manoeuvre between two orbits
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Description of the moon's motion
scientist of his time. Refinements of these laws to include physical librations have been made, and they have been generalized to treat other satellites
Cassini's_laws
Large trans-Neptunian object
The libration of 2010 JO179's nominal orbit, in a frame co-rotating with Neptune (click image to view animation)
(574372)_2010_JO179
Set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit
atmospheric and orbital interactions such as orbital resonances and libration. Individually major satellite objects are designated in Roman numerals
Satellite_system_(astronomy)
Lunar impact crater
the side by observers on the Earth, and its visibility is subject to libration effects. It was named by the IAU in 1964 for astronomer Lewis Boss. This
Boss_(crater)
Type of geocentric orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Sun-synchronous_orbit
Chinese lunar communications satellite
Retrieved 2008-07-16. Dunham, D.W. and Farquhar, R. W.: "Libration-Point Missions 1978-2000," Libration Point Orbits and Applications, Parador d'Aiguablava
Queqiao-1
Crater on the Moon
eastern limb of the Moon. In this location the crater is subject to lunar libration effects, and appears highly oval due to foreshortening. It is located
Carrillo_(crater)
Light that reaches Earth from the Moon
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Moonlight
Coordinate system used on the Moon
Anything past 90°E or 90°W would not be seen from Earth, except for libration, which makes 59% of the Moon visible. Longitude on the Moon is measured
Selenographic coordinate system
Selenographic_coordinate_system
Crater on the Moon
foreshortened when viewed from the Earth, and visibility is subject to libration. The outer rim of Gibbs is not quite circular, and an outward bulge to
Gibbs_(crater)
Time for Moon to complete one rotation on its axis
A full lunar day observed from the Earth, where orbital libration causes the apparent wobble.
Lunar_day
Asteroid orbiting the Sun near one of the stable Lagrangian points of Neptune
in resonance with the libration periods of Neptune trojans. This results in repeated perturbations that increase the libration of existing trojans causing
Neptune_trojan
Vector quantity in celestial mechanics
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Specific_angular_momentum
Either of two extreme points in a celestial object's orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Apsis
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
(930,000 mi). It was the first artificial object placed at a so-called "libration point", entering orbit there on 20 November 1978, proving that such a
International Cometary Explorer
International_Cometary_Explorer
Main-belt asteroid
over the next million years due to Polana transitioning into a strong libration period with Mars. "142 Polana". JPL Small-Body Database Browser. August
142_Polana
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_period
Japanese pop and trance duo
version 2007 Refine Progress (Scramble Heart opening theme) Heat Your Wave Libration Crisis (Scramble Heart opening theme) Never No Astray (Katakoi no Tsuki
FripSide
Lunar surface depression
appearance, and the location near the limb can limit visibility due to libration. The most favorable time for viewing this feature is near the full moon
Bailly_(crater)
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Earth's_orbit
Celestial coordinate system
the points are not, strictly speaking, unmoving: there is continuous libration about the mean orientation, because Io's orbit is slightly eccentric and
Poles_of_astronomical_bodies
Soviet Mars moon probe (1988–1989)
autonomous station) lander TV camera ALPHA-X Alpha-Proton-X-Ray Spectrometer LIBRATION Sun sensor (also known as STENOPEE) Seismometer RAZREZ anchor penetrometer
Phobos_2
Radio communications technique
signal. These "libration fading" amplitude variations are well correlated over the coherence bandwidth (typically a few kHz). The libration fading components
Earth–Moon–Earth communication
Earth–Moon–Earth_communication
Earth-centered orbit above low Earth orbit and below geostationary orbit
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Medium_Earth_orbit
Series of orbital maneuvers
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Space_rendezvous
Retrograde asteroid discovered in 2014
(9 March 2016). "A numerical investigation of coorbital stability and libration in three dimensions". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 125
514107_Kaʻepaokaʻāwela
Centaur
The failed libration (resonance motion) of Amycus.
55576_Amycus
Crater on the Moon
surface is subject to the effects of libration, and the crater can be hidden from sight during an unfavorable libration. Even when visible, however, the crater
Peek_(crater)
Failed Russian lunar lander
regolith STS-L, panoramic and local imaging Laser retroreflector, Moon libration and ranging experiments LINA-XSAN, a Swedish payload, was originally to
Luna_25
Parameter in the gravitational two-body problem
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Specific_orbital_energy
Concept in astrodynamics
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Hyperbolic_trajectory
Long-term human settlement on the Moon
Moonlight Earthlight Orbit Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Libration Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar
Moonbase
Phases of Earth as seen from the Moon
any noticeable movement in the Moon's sky. However, due to the Moon's libration, Earth does perform a slow and complex wobbling movement. Once a month
Earth_phase
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Orbital_eccentricity
Scenario for the dynamical evolution of the Solar System
disk to be captured. Objects in the trojan co-orbital region undergo libration, drifting cyclically relative to the L4 and L5 points. When Jupiter and
Nice_model
Laws describing planetary orbits
Areosynchronous Areostationary Lagrange points Distant retrograde Halo Lissajous Libration Lunar Sun Heliocentric Earth's orbit Mars cycler Heliosynchronous Other
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
the Lagrange points /ləˈɡrɑːndʒ/ (also Lagrangian points, L-points, or libration points) are points near two large orbiting bodies. Normally, the two objects
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Northern Somali clan
Gurgure Libration Front (IGLF) was active until 1991 it was led by an Abdiaziz Gurgure and later by Mr.Riyaale Ahmed Independent Gurgure Libration Front
Gurgura
Artificial satellite that relays radio signals
Other orbits are also planned to be used. Positions in the Earth-Moon-Libration points are also proposed for communication satellites covering the Moon
Communications_satellite
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
the Moon, and at selected surface locations near the Moon's limb, where libration carries the Earth slightly above and below the lunar horizon. Anders continued
Apollo_8
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Devotee of the Gods
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Ruler of Diamonds
Girl/Female
Muslim
Dew, Generosity, Liberality
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess Lakshmi, Foremost, Best, First, Night
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fluff
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Boy/Male
Muslim
Spear head
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
The Swedish Nation; Swan; Battle
Male
Babylonian
, the fifth antediluvian king of Babylon.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Truth, Morality, Justice, Good behavior
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
LIBRATION
v. t.
To find by logical processes; to explain or justify by reason or argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon.
n.
any one of five points in the plane of a system of two large astronomical bodies orbiting each other, as the Earth-moon system, where the gravitational pull of the two bodies on an object are approximately equal, and in opposite directions. A solid object moving in the same velocity and direction as such a libration point will remain in gravitational equilibrium with the two bodies of the system and not fall toward either body.
n.
The act or state of librating.
n.
A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.
n.
A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest.