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2002 graphic study guide to relativity theory by Bruce Bassett
Introducing Relativity is a 2002 graphic study guide to the theory of relativity and Albert Einstein written by Bruce Bassett and illustrated by Ralph
Introducing_Relativity
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
The theory of relativity comprises two physics theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity, proposed and published in 1905
Theory_of_relativity
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or simply special relativity, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert
Special_relativity
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published
General_relativity
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the known theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy
Albert_Einstein
Concept that simultaneity depends on choice of reference frame
a central idea in the special theory of relativity. According to the special theory of relativity introduced by Albert Einstein, it is impossible to say
Relativity_of_simultaneity
Hypothesis of language influencing thought
Linguistic relativity asserts that language influences worldview or cognition. One form of linguistic relativity, linguistic determinism, regards peoples'
Linguistic_relativity
Physics principle
of relativity is the idea that the laws of physics should remain consistent over time and from one place to another. Several principles of relativity have
Principle_of_relativity
1922 debate on physics and philosophy
debated the implications of the theory of relativity on the nature of time. Bergson argued that while relativity is valid within the domain of physics, it
Einstein–Bergson_debate
Feature seen when light is gravitationally lensed by an object
Gravitational lensing is predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Instead of light from a source traveling in a straight line (in three
Einstein_ring
Measured time difference as explained by relativity theory
clocks, either because of a relative velocity, a consequence of special relativity, or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations due
Time_dilation
Mathematical model combining space and time
to Relativity. Massachusetts: Harcourt/Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-417561-9. Ray d'Inverno; James Vickers (2022). Introducing Einstein's Relativity: A Deeper
Spacetime
United States historic place
Oxford Einstein on the Run Einstein's Cosmos I Am Albert Einstein Introducing Relativity Subtle is the Lord Family Mileva Marić (first wife) Elsa Einstein
Albert_Einstein_House
Meanings of mass in special relativity
The word "mass" has two meanings in special relativity: invariant mass (also called rest mass) is an invariant quantity which is the same for all observers
Mass_in_special_relativity
Generalization of special relativity
fixed in all inertial frames. First attempts to modify special relativity by introducing an observer-independent length were made by Pavlopoulos (1967)
Doubly_special_relativity
Criticism of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein was mainly expressed in the early years after its publication in the early twentieth century,
Criticism of the theory of relativity
Criticism_of_the_theory_of_relativity
Observatory
experiments and observations to validate (or disprove) Albert Einstein's relativity theory. Although Einstein never worked there, he supported the construction
Einstein_Tower
1979 graphic study guide to Einstein by Joseph Schwartz
Beginners, republished as Introducing Einstein, is a 1979 graphic study guide to Albert Einstein and the theory of relativity written by Joseph Schwartz
Einstein_for_Beginners
The history of special relativity consists of many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré
History_of_special_relativity
When studying and formulating Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, various mathematical structures and techniques are utilized. The main tools
Mathematics of general relativity
Mathematics_of_general_relativity
Concept in physics
Einstein derived the theory of special relativity in 1905, from principles now called the postulates of special relativity. Einstein's formulation only requires
Postulates of special relativity
Postulates_of_special_relativity
Theory of gravity by Albert Einstein
General relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915. The theory of general relativity says that the observed
Introduction to general relativity
Introduction_to_general_relativity
Upcoming film by Rawson Marshall Thurber
battle with Toei Company Ltd. over the movie rights. On August 17, 2008, Relativity Media entered negotiations with New Regency to finance and produce the
Voltron_(film)
Textbooks on the theory of relativity have been published by several notable physicists and mathematicians: The primary sources section of the latter article
List of textbooks on relativity
List_of_textbooks_on_relativity
Motion of an object with constant proper acceleration in special relativity
the motion of an object with constant proper acceleration in special relativity. It is called hyperbolic motion because the equation describing the path
Hyperbolic motion (relativity)
Hyperbolic_motion_(relativity)
Generalization of straight line to a curved space time
In general relativity, a geodesic generalizes the notion of a "straight line" to curved spacetime. Importantly, the world line of a particle free from
Geodesics in general relativity
Geodesics_in_general_relativity
Published papers of Albert Einstein in 1905
to accept the existence of atoms. The third paper introduced Einstein's special theory of relativity, which proclaims the constancy of the speed of light
Annus_mirabilis_papers
Proposed theories of gravity
relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition with Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Attraction of masses and energy
objects get farther away. Gravity is described by the general theory of relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, which describes gravity in terms
Gravity
Statement of spherically symmetric spacetimes
doi:10.1119/1.1830505. S2CID 119454232. D'Inverno, Ray (1992). Introducing Einstein's Relativity. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-859686-3. See section
Birkhoff's theorem (relativity)
Birkhoff's_theorem_(relativity)
Book by Albert Einstein
Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (German: Über die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie) is a popular science book by Albert
Relativity: The Special and the General Theory
Relativity:_The_Special_and_the_General_Theory
Notebook of Albert Einstein
in Zürich. It contains much of Einstein's foundational work on general relativity. John D. Norton. "Einstein's Zurich Notebook". sites.pitt.edu. Retrieved
Zurich_Notebook
Tests of general relativity serve to establish observational evidence for the theory of general relativity. The first three tests, proposed by Albert
Tests_of_general_relativity
Issue in science history
Albert Einstein presented the theories of special relativity and general relativity in publications that either contained no formal references to previous
Relativity_priority_dispute
Diagram of different points in spacetime
General Relativity. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-8053-8732-2. D'Inverno, Ray (1992). Introducing Einstein's Relativity (Repr ed
Penrose_diagram
both experimental and theoretical, of: Einstein’s special theory of relativity (SR), its predecessors like the theories of luminiferous aether, its early
Timeline of special relativity and the speed of light
Timeline_of_special_relativity_and_the_speed_of_light
Description of gravity using discrete values
based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which incorporates his theory of special relativity and deeply modifies the understanding of concepts
Quantum_gravity
Condition in which spacetime itself breaks down
exist in the theory of general relativity, the best theory of gravity available. A singularity in general relativity can be defined by the scalar invariant
Gravitational_singularity
French mathematician, physicist and engineer (1854–1912)
held that Poincaré and Lorentz were the true discoverers of relativity. Poincaré introduced group theory to physics, and was the first to study the group
Henri_Poincaré
Research institute in Germany
observatory that was built to perform checks of Einstein's theory of General Relativity; and the Great Refractor of Potsdam, which today belong to the Astrophysical
Albert_Einstein_Science_Park
Sub-area of scientific computing for solving General Relativity equations
Numerical relativity is one of the branches of general relativity that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems. To this end
Numerical_relativity
Facet of general relativity
In general relativity, the notion of mass is more subtle than in classical mechanics or special relativity. The theory itself does not single out a preferred
Mass_in_general_relativity
Theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
Einstein – German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics)
Outline_of_Albert_Einstein
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
1103/RevModPhys.21.378. ISSN 0034-6861. d'Inverno, R. (1992). Introducing Einstein's Relativity. Oxford University Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-19-859686-8
Speed_of_light
Mathematical description of spacetime used in relativity
theories of special relativity and general relativity and is the most common mathematical structure by which special relativity is formalized. While
Minkowski_spacetime
Field-equations in general relativity
In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution
Einstein_field_equations
Origins of Einstein's gravitation theory
General relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915
History_of_general_relativity
Graphic study guide to cosmology by Felix Pirani
Craig; Edney, Ralph (2001). Introducing Time. Icon Books. Bassett, Bruce; Edney, Ralph (2002). Introducing Relativity. Icon Books. ISBN 1840463724.
The_Universe_for_Beginners
Experiments probing the accuracy of special relativity's predictions
Special relativity is a physical theory that plays a fundamental role in the description of all physical phenomena, as long as gravitation is not significant
Tests_of_special_relativity
Framework of distances and directions
2022). Introducing General Relativity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-118-69824-2. Jagerman, Louis S. (2001). The Mathematics of Relativity for the
Space
Hypothetical travel into the past or future
phenomenon and is well understood within the framework of special relativity and general relativity. However, making one body advance or delay more than a few
Time_travel
Scientific phenomenon
dilation Gravitational time dilation Special relativity In his seminal paper of 1905 introducing special relativity, Einstein had already published an expression
Relativistic_Doppler_effect
2003 play by Vern Thiessen
Oxford Einstein on the Run Einstein's Cosmos I Am Albert Einstein Introducing Relativity Subtle is the Lord Family Mileva Marić (first wife) Elsa Einstein
Einstein's_Gift
Chronology of development from 1905
In special relativity, the history of the twin paradox chronicles the development of the famous thought experiment known as the twin paradox, which started
History_of_the_twin_paradox
Debate about credit for general relativity
Einstein's discovery of the gravitational field equations of general relativity and David Hilbert's almost simultaneous derivation of the theory using
General relativity priority dispute
General_relativity_priority_dispute
Defunct theory of electromagnetism
Poincaré's principle of relativity) Lorentz tried in 1899 and 1904 to expand his theory to all orders in v/c by introducing the Lorentz transformation
Lorentz_ether_theory
Einstein's committee of atomic scientists
Oxford Einstein on the Run Einstein's Cosmos I Am Albert Einstein Introducing Relativity Subtle is the Lord Family Mileva Marić (first wife) Elsa Einstein
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists
Emergency_Committee_of_Atomic_Scientists
Book written and illustrated by William Rankin
Craig; Edney, Ralph (2001). Introducing Time. Icon Books. Bassett, Bruce; Edney, Ralph (2002). Introducing Relativity. Icon Books. ISBN 978-1840463729
Newton_for_Beginners
Scientific biography of Albert Einstein by Abraham Pais
Einstein and Religion Einstein for Beginners I Am Albert Einstein Introducing Relativity McDowell, Edwin (14 April 1983). "American Book Awards announced"
Subtle_Is_the_Lord
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
term electromagnetic mass. Mass–energy equivalence arose from special relativity as a paradox described by the French polymath Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
Mass–energy_equivalence
Hypothetical FTL transportation by warping space
the Alcubierre metric is consistent with Einstein's equations, general relativity does not incorporate quantum mechanics. Some physicists have presented
Alcubierre_drive
Mathematical theory of the geometry of space and time
is the mathematical model in which, with Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity naturally arises, as opposed to being described as a fundamental
Curved_spacetime
Set of spacetime events, light-connected to a given event
In special and general relativity, a light cone (or null cone) is the path that a flash of light, emanating from a single event — localized to a single
Light_cone
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
identical times. The extended form by Albert Einstein requires special relativity to also hold in free fall and requires the weak equivalence to be valid
Equivalence_principle
Detail of the global positioning system
relativity introduces several effects that need to be taken into account when dealing with precise time measurements. According to special relativity
Error analysis for the Global Positioning System
Error_analysis_for_the_Global_Positioning_System
Concept in general relativity
In general relativity, the pp-wave spacetimes, or pp-waves for short, are an important family of exact solutions of Einstein's field equation. The term
Pp-wave_spacetime
The following is a timeline of gravitational physics and general relativity. 3rd century B.C. – Aristarchus of Samos proposes the heliocentric model. 1543
Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity
Timeline_of_gravitational_physics_and_relativity
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
Einstein field equations, and are consistent with the general theory of relativity. In 1995, Matt Visser suggested there may be many wormholes in the universe
Wormhole
Austrian physicist (1924–2019)
February 2019) was an Austrian physicist studying general relativity. He is known for introducing the term "event horizon" for the boundary of a black hole
Wolfgang_Rindler
Albert Einstein's hypothetical situations to argue scientific points
of light. For special relativity, he employed moving trains and flashes of lightning to explain his theory. For general relativity, he considered a person
Einstein's thought experiments
Einstein's_thought_experiments
Region in spacetime from which nothing can escape
temporarily but will return. In 1958, David Finkelstein used general relativity to introduce a stricter definition of a local black hole event horizon as a
Event_horizon
Agreed-upon meaning of a physical quantity being positive or negative
of the imaginary unit i and 2π, rather than just choices of sign. In relativity, the metric signature can be either (+,−,−,−) or (−,+,+,+). (Throughout
Sign_convention
Classical element
considered to be scientifically obsolete, as the development of special relativity showed that Maxwell's equations do not require the aether for the transmission
Aether_(classical_element)
Hypothetical faster-than-light particle
signals faster than light and into the past. According to the theory of relativity this would violate causality, leading to logical paradoxes such as the
Tachyon
Spacetime modeled by four pointwise-orthonormal vector fields
In general relativity, a frame field (also called a tetrad or vierbein) is a set of four pointwise-orthonormal vector fields, one timelike and three spacelike
Frame fields in general relativity
Frame_fields_in_general_relativity
Reference frame that undergoes acceleration with respect to an inertial frame
'reversed effective forces' or 'inertia forces'." In the theory of general relativity, the curvature of spacetime causes frames to be locally inertial, but
Non-inertial_reference_frame
1931 painting by Salvador Dalí
incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. Asked by Ilya Prigogine whether this was the
The_Persistence_of_Memory
The two-body problem in general relativity (or relativistic two-body problem) is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies
Two-body problem in general relativity
Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity
Fundamental principle of classical physics
However, this resulted in a limitation inherent in special relativity: the principle of relativity could only apply to inertial reference frames. To address
Inertia
Philosophical view rejecting objectivity
arguments run from premises about ethics to conclusions that assert the relativity of truth values, bypassing general claims about the nature of truth, but
Relativism
Thought experiment in special relativity
In physics, the twin paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity involving twins, one of whom takes a space voyage at relativistic speeds and
Twin_paradox
Paradox in special relativity
of relativity. In its original 1909 formulation as presented by Paul Ehrenfest in relation to the concept of Born rigidity within special relativity, it
Ehrenfest_paradox
Application of the theory of relativity to the universe as a whole
Albert Einstein in 1917. Shortly after completing the general theory of relativity, Einstein applied his new theory of gravity to the universe as a whole
Einstein's_static_universe
American physicist, writer, and Nobel Laureate (born 1940)
waves". With John A. Wheeler and Charles Misner, he coauthored the general relativity textbook Gravitation in 1973. He has also written popular science, notably
Kip_Thorne
German mathematician and physicist (1864–1909)
solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity. Minkowski is perhaps best known for his foundational work describing
Hermann_Minkowski
Velocity differential over time, as described in Minkowski spacetime
Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time. However, because of the
Acceleration (special relativity)
Acceleration_(special_relativity)
American aerospace engineer
(born 1992) is an American aerospace engineer and the Founding CTO of Relativity Space. He is now a General Partner at Embedded Ventures which he co-founded
Jordan_Noone
Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
information faster than the speed of light in vacuum (c). The special theory of relativity implies that only particles with zero rest mass (i.e., photons) may travel
Faster-than-light
British astrophysicist (1882–1944)
of articles that announced and explained Einstein's theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. World War I had severed many lines of scientific
Arthur_Eddington
Relationship between relativity and pre-quantum electromagnetism
The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. It gives formulas for how electromagnetic
Classical electromagnetism and special relativity
Classical_electromagnetism_and_special_relativity
Exact solution in general relativity
In general relativity, the Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost is an exact solution which models the spacetime of an observer moving towards or away from a spherically
Aichelburg–Sexl_ultraboost
Most basic type of physical force
the curvature of spacetime, described by Einstein's general theory of relativity. The other three are discrete quantum fields, and their interactions are
Fundamental_interaction
2023 film directed by Warren Skeels
premiered at the 2023 Newport Beach Film Festival and was released by Relativity Media in theaters on December 13, 2024. In the early 1970s, teenager Annie
The_Man_in_the_White_Van
Norwegian musical duo
Lemaitre has released a number of EPs, including the Relativity Series: Relativity 1, 2, 3 and Relativity by Nite; The Friendly Sound; and Singularity. The
Lemaitre_(band)
Branch of differential geometry
dimensions. It enabled the formulation of Einstein's general theory of relativity, made profound impact on group theory and representation theory, as well
Riemannian_geometry
Quadratic scalar invariant
context of applications to general relativity, the Kretschmann scalar is a quadratic scalar invariant. It was introduced by Erich Kretschmann. The Kretschmann
Kretschmann_scalar
Units defined only by physical constants
the predictions of the Standard Model, quantum field theory and general relativity are not expected to apply, and quantum effects of gravity are expected
Planck_units
Conceptual conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics
mechanics and general relativity. Quantum mechanics regards the flow of time as universal and absolute, whereas general relativity regards the flow of time
Problem_of_time
Indian mathematician-astronomer (476–550)
23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta. For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major early physicist. While there is
Aryabhata
2017 film directed by Ric Roman Waugh
Michel Litvak and Matthew Rhodes of Bold Films, and Waugh. In April 2015, Relativity Media acquired the U.S. rights to the film for $3 million with a wide
Shot_Caller_(film)
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
Boy/Male
Finnish, German, Swedish
Free Man; Carol; Man
Boy/Male
Indian
King
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Norwegian, Scandinavian
Divine Bear
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Guiler.German : variant of Gille 2.German : habitational name for someone from Gill near Neuss, in the Rhineland.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from the Yiddish male personal name Hiller, a variant of Hillel. The initial G is due to Russian influence, since Russian has no h and alters h to g in borrowed words.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Jairekha | ஜைரேகாÂ
Beautiful
Boy/Male
Tamil
The sound of the sacred syllable, One who has the form of Om
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Courageous
Boy/Male
English
Owns a farm.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Mountainous
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Atkin, one of the many pet forms of Adam. Compare Scottish Aitken.
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
INTRODUCING RELATIVITY
n.
The act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.
v. t.
To change by introducing novelties.
conj.
In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition.
n.
The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working it.
conj.
Unless; except; -- introducing a clause.
conj.
Save or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with or without that, and properly introducing a single fact or consideration.
n.
The act of introducing, or bringing to notice.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Introduce
v. t.
To change or alter by introducing something new; to remodel; to revolutionize.
n.
A privy; especially, a privy furnished with a contrivance for introducing a stream of water to cleanse it.
adv. & conj.
That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives so and such.
n.
To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface.
n.
The operation of introducing a catheter.
v. t.
To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing evidence.
n.
An instrument for measuring the volumes of gases or liquids by introducing them into a vessel of known capacity.
n.
The act of pouring into a vessel; specif. (Med.), the operation of introducing a substance into a blood vessel; as, intrafusion of blood.
a.
Characterized by, or introducing, innovations.
a.
Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary; rudimentary.
adv.
That is to say; to wit; videlicet; -- introducing a particular or specific designation.
n.
The act of introducing or inserting anything, especially that which is spurious or foreign.