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Matter and radiation in the space between the star systems in a galaxy
The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic
Interstellar_medium
Dust floating in space
in the outflows of carbon stars. or by processes occurring in the interstellar medium. Cosmic dust was once solely an annoyance to astronomers, as it obscures
Cosmic_dust
Void between celestial bodies
galaxy. Interstellar space contains an interstellar medium of sparse matter and radiation. The boundary between an astrosphere and interstellar space is
Outer_space
Interstellar cloud in the Milky Way Galaxy
Bubble, a low-density region of the galactic interstellar medium. Within this region is the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), an area of slightly higher hydrogen
Local_Interstellar_Cloud
NASA space probe launched in 1977
heliosphere and to begin exploring the interstellar medium. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space on August 25, 2012, making it
Voyager_1
Region of space dominated by the Sun
physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated" by plasma
Heliosphere
Hypothetical travel between stars or planetary systems
harvested from the interstellar medium, or projected over immense distances. A knowledge of the properties of the interstellar gas and dust through
Interstellar_travel
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
interplanetary medium between the bodies of the Solar System. At around 70–90 AU from the Sun, the solar wind is halted by the interstellar medium, resulting
Solar_System
Study of molecules in the Universe and their reactions
The term may refer to studies within both the Solar System and the interstellar medium. The investigation of elemental abundances and isotope ratios in
Astrochemistry
Ongoing NASA interstellar program
The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two interstellar probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. They were launched in 1977 to take advantage
Voyager_program
Material which fills the Solar System
comets, move. The IPM stops at the heliopause, outside of which the interstellar medium begins. Before 1950, interplanetary space was widely considered to
Interplanetary_medium
Interstellar absorption and scattering of light
kiloparsec. For Earth-bound observers, extinction arises both from the interstellar medium and the Earth's atmosphere; it may also arise from circumstellar
Extinction_(astronomy)
Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
it is truncated—possibly by an encounter with another galaxy. Its interstellar medium consists of diffuse gas enriched by elements emitted from evolved
Messier_87
Star at the centre of the Solar System
Helps Solve Interstellar Medium Mystery" (Press release). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. "Interstellar Mission"
Sun
NASA space probe launched in 1977
spacecraft is currently in its extended mission of studying the interstellar medium. It is at a distance of 143.05 AU (21.4 billion km; 13.3 billion mi)
Voyager_2
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
Infrared astronomy has detected methane in molecular clouds of the interstellar medium. The Curiosity rover has documented seasonal fluctuations of atmospheric
Methane
Accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in space
differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium, the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star
Interstellar_cloud
Study of the Milky Way galaxy and its contents
Interplanetary medium - interplanetary dust Interstellar space - Interstellar medium - interstellar dust Intergalactic space - Intergalactic medium - Intergalactic
Galactic_astronomy
Subfield of cosmology
the interstellar medium. Complex multi-phase structure, including relativistic particles and magnetic field, makes simulation of interstellar medium difficult
Galaxy formation and evolution
Galaxy_formation_and_evolution
This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes, grouped by the number of component atoms.
List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules
Ice that forms in the interstellar medium
Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles in the ice phase that form in the interstellar medium. Ice and dust grains form the primary material out
Interstellar_ice
Galaxy containing the Solar System
the space between the stars is a disk of gas and dust called the interstellar medium. This disk has at least a comparable extent in radius to the stars
Milky_Way
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
of spacecraft propulsion for interstellar travel. A fast moving spacecraft scoops up hydrogen from the interstellar medium using an enormous funnel-shaped
Bussard_ramjet
Chemical acid found in vinegar
has the distinction of being the first molecule discovered in the interstellar medium using solely radio interferometers; in all previous ISM molecular
Acetic_acid
Branch of astronomy
supernovae. The interstellar medium is a melting pot of gas and dust emitted from stars. The composition of the interstellar medium is the result of
Dust_astronomy
Interstellar cloud located next to the Local Interstellar Cloud
G-Cloud is part of the Very Local Interstellar Medium which begins where the heliosphere and interplanetary medium end. The G-Cloud was formed along with
G-Cloud
Chemical compound
ethylene oxide) to be detected in space. Its stability in the (dilute) interstellar medium shows that its tautomerization does not happen unimolecularly, a
Vinyl_alcohol
Chemical compound
passed through it. While cyanogen is believed to be abundant in the interstellar medium, it is not able to be directly detected via radio astronomy, as its
Cyanogen
Chemical compound
cylinders. Ammonia occurs in nature and has been detected in the interstellar medium. Ammonia boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere
Ammonia
Astrophysical phenomenon
light. This drives an expanding shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium, sweeping up an expanding shell of gas and dust observed as a supernova
Supernova
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
position of the pulsar, its proper motion, the electron content of the interstellar medium along the propagation path, the orbital parameters of any binary
Pulsar
American astrophysicist
Stanford Center for Decoding the Universe. Her work focuses on the interstellar medium. She was awarded the Helen B. Warner Prize for Astronomy in 2025
Susan_E._Clark
Gravitational process studied in astronomy
a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star
Star_formation
Any molecule with a cyano group (C≡N)
radical •CN has been identified in interstellar space. Cyanogen, (CN)2, is used to measure the temperature of interstellar gas clouds. Hydrogen cyanide is
Cyanide
1996 American crewed spaceflight and longest duration Space Shuttle mission
Ultraviolet (FUV) Spectrograph Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Spectrograph Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS) Surface Effects Sample Monitor
STS-80
Chemical compound, tautomer of hydrogen cyanide
in the field of astrochemistry is linked to its ubiquity in the interstellar medium. Both hydrogen isocyanide and azanylidyniummethanide are correct
Hydrogen_isocyanide
Proposed NASA space probe to travel 1000 AU from the Sun
explore the interstellar medium. McNutt, Ralph; Paul, Michael; Brandt, Pontus; Kinnison, Jim. "Interstellar Probe: Humanity's Journey to Interstellar Space"
Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)
Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
Forbidden mechanism Homochirality Intergalactic dust Interplanetary medium Interstellar medium Iron–sulfur world theory Kerogen Molecules in stars Nexus for
Methanol
Light from the stars
The interstellar medium can produce circularly polarized (CP) light from unpolarized light by sequential scattering from elongated interstellar grains
Starlight
Polyatomic ion (H3, charge +1)
the universe. It is stable in the interstellar medium (ISM) due to the low temperature and low density of interstellar space. The role that H+3 plays in
Trihydrogen_cation
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX or Explorer 91 or SMEX-10) is a NASA satellite in Earth orbit that uses energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) to image the
Interstellar Boundary Explorer
Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer
Type of interstellar cloud
formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas. Molecular hydrogen is difficult
Molecular_cloud
System of stars and interstellar matter
A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek
Galaxy
Physical magneto-optical phenomenon
measures given a knowledge of the electron number density in the interstellar medium. In the case of radio pulsars, the dispersion caused by these electrons
Faraday_effect
Aqueous cation H3O+
molecular ion in the interstellar medium and is found in diffuse and dense molecular clouds as well as the plasma tails of comets. Interstellar sources of hydronium
Hydronium
Isotope of aluminium
produced in supernovae ejecting many radioactive nuclides in the interstellar medium. The isotope is believed to be crucial for the evolution of planetary
Aluminium-26
the local interstellar medium itself, particularly related to the propagation of neutral density enhancements ("H-waves") along the interstellar magnetic
IBEX_ribbon
NASA heliophysics mission
energetic particles and interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium. These science topics are coupled because particles accelerated in
Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe
Interstellar_Mapping_and_Acceleration_Probe
Shock wave caused by blowing stellar wind
typically the edge of the astrosphere, where the stellar wind meets the interstellar medium. The defining criterion of a shock wave is that the bulk velocity
Bow_shock
Topics referred to by the same term
up interstellar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Interstellar or Interstella may refer to: Interstellar space Interstellar medium Interstellar travel
Interstellar
Chemical compound
can be prepared from acrolein. Propynal has been observed in the interstellar medium. It is hypothesized to be formed from a carbon monoxide-acetylene
Propiolaldehyde
Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sextans
energetic photons, which have travelled through a virtually dust free interstellar medium (ISM), leaving the immediate surroundings of MoM-z14 partially ionized
MoM-z14
Large self-illuminated object in space
supernova explosions return chemically enriched material to the interstellar medium. These elements are then recycled into new stars. Astronomers can
Star
Star cluster in the constellation of Taurus
but are now considered likely to be an unrelated dust cloud in the interstellar medium through which the stars are currently passing. This dust cloud is
Pleiades
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
of the emission at infrared wavelengths originates from interstellar dust. This interstellar dust is found primarily within the galaxy's spiral arms,
Messier_81
List of space missions by NASA
operational – flybys of Jupiter and Saturn; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; most distant human-made object Voyager 2, launched August 1977,
List_of_NASA_missions
American physicist and astronaut (1951–2012)
(both in physics) for research on the interaction of X-rays with the interstellar medium. She was selected as a mission specialist astronaut with NASA Astronaut
Sally_Ride
Chemical compound
acid—stronger than even fluoroantimonic acid—its occurrence in the interstellar medium had been conjectured since the 1970s, and it was finally detected
Helium_hydride_ion
Distance that light travels in one year
parsec, light-years are also popularly used to gauge the expanses of interstellar and intergalactic space. Distances expressed in light-years include those
Light-year
Life arising from non-living matter
Earth's primordial sea. PAHs have been detected in nebulae, and in the interstellar medium, in comets, and in meteorites. A star, HH 46-IR, resembling the sun
Abiogenesis
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
Belt – this runaway star has been observed to be moving through the interstellar medium at a speed of 30 km/s, creating a bow shock over four light-years
Betelgeuse
Aspect of physical cosmology
returned to the interstellar medium, a degenerate remnant will be left behind whose mass is not returned to the interstellar medium. Therefore, the supply
Future of an expanding universe
Future_of_an_expanding_universe
Binary star system in the constellation Vela
the spectrum of Kappa Velorum shows absorption lines due to the interstellar medium between Earth and the star. Observation of these features over many
Kappa_Velorum
Stream of charged particles from the Sun
penetrated the Alfvén surface. The solar wind "blows a bubble" in the interstellar medium (the rarefied hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the galaxy)
Solar_wind
Chemical compound
incentivized to search for derivatives of HCN. HCN has been detected in the interstellar medium and in the atmospheres of carbon stars. Since then, extensive studies
Hydrogen_cyanide
Single yellow-hued star in the constellation Cetus
evolutionary history, including the age at which it formed. The interstellar medium of dust and gas from which stars form is primarily composed of hydrogen
Tau_Ceti
Space probe that can travel out of the Solar System
An interstellar probe is a space probe that has left—or is expected to leave—the Solar System and enter interstellar space, which is typically defined
Interstellar_probe
Poisonous oxygen-carbon compound
carbon monoxide is the second-most common diatomic molecule in the interstellar medium, after molecular hydrogen. Because of its asymmetry, this polar molecule
Carbon_monoxide
Class of molecules formed by ultraviolet irradiation of organic compounds
in terminal positions. Tholins may be a major constituent of the interstellar medium. On Titan, their chemistry is initiated at high altitudes and participates
Tholin
Supported hypothesis for the origin of life
Laurie M.; Pais, Abraham; Pippard, A. B. (1995). "The physics of the interstellar medium". Twentieth Century Physics (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 1765. ISBN 978-0-7503-0310-1
Pseudo-panspermia
Remnants of an exploded star
the surrounding interstellar medium. When the supernova remnant slows to the speed of the random velocities in the surrounding medium, after roughly 30
Supernova_remnant
Chemical detected in space
Formaldehyde was the first polyatomic organic molecule detected in the interstellar medium and since its initial detection has been observed in many regions
Interstellar_formaldehyde
Subfield of astronomy
(solar physics), other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium, and the cosmic microwave background. Emissions from these objects
Astrophysics
Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a young protostar orbited by
Planet
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
from Earth, thrust (drag) for deceleration for the magsail in the interstellar medium is relatively large, and both the magsail and magnetoplasma sail
Magnetic_sail
Process of creating new atomic nuclei from existing nucleons
stellar nucleosynthesis. Cosmic ray spallation can occur in the interstellar medium, on asteroids and meteoroids, or on Earth in the atmosphere or in
Nucleosynthesis
Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo
4476 is not sufficient to cause sufficient effects on the galaxy's interstellar medium. Surprisingly, there is an absence of H I in the inner regions of
NGC_4476
Astronomical observatory satellite
have strong absorption lines in the UV so that UV absorption by the interstellar medium provides a powerful tool for studying its composition. Ultraviolet
International Ultraviolet Explorer
International_Ultraviolet_Explorer
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
009. Grün, E.; et al. (1993). "Discovery of Jovian dust streams and interstellar grains by the ULYSSES spacecraft". Nature. 362 (6419): 428–430. Bibcode:1993Natur
Io_(moon)
Swedish satellite with radiometer, launched in 2001
service (link) "Molecular Oxygen Detected For The First Time In The Interstellar Medium". ScienceDaily. CNRS. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 12 March 2019. "Odin
Odin_(satellite)
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde
transitions. It was the first polyatomic organic molecule detected in the interstellar medium. Since its initial detection in 1969, it has been observed in many
Formaldehyde
Timeline of knowledge about the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium: 1848 – Lord Rosse studies M1 and names it the Crab Nebula. The telescope
Timeline of knowledge about the interstellar and intergalactic medium
Timeline_of_knowledge_about_the_interstellar_and_intergalactic_medium
Mass per unit volume
Physics Factbook". hypertextbook.com. "Our Local Galactic Neighborhood". Interstellar Probe Project. NASA. 2000. Archived from the original on November 21
Density
Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group
2019 at 1.5×1012 M☉. In addition to stars, the Andromeda Galaxy's interstellar medium contains at least 7.2×109 M☉ in the form of neutral hydrogen, at
Andromeda_Galaxy
Star-forming region in the constellation Serpens
form (the interstellar medium). Most of the gas in W40 is in the form of molecular clouds, the coldest, densest phase of the interstellar medium, which is
Westerhout_40
Continuous band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness
collapse of a giant molecular cloud of gas and dust in the local interstellar medium, the initial composition is homogeneous throughout, consisting of
Main_sequence
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
of spacecraft propulsion for interstellar travel. A fast moving spacecraft scoops up hydrogen from the interstellar medium using an enormous funnel-shaped
Ramjet
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
Peacock. Kaplan, S. A.; Pikelner, S. B. (1970). "Interstellar Hydrogen". The Interstellar Medium. pp. 1–77. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674493988.c1.
Hydrogen
the life of these stars, they ejected heavier elements into the interstellar medium. Some scientists have given the name Coatlicue to a hypothetical
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Location of Earth in the Universe
(2000). "A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 357: 268. Bibcode:2000A&A
Location_of_Earth
Small patches of nebulosity associated with newly born stars
rapidly away from their parent star into the gas clouds of interstellar space (the interstellar medium or ISM). Hubble Space Telescope observations have revealed
Herbig–Haro_object
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
have thoroughly dispersed their material, ejecting metals into the interstellar medium (ISM), to be incorporated into the later generations of stars. Their
Stellar_population
Nuclides predating the Earth's formation (found on Earth)
before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the interstellar medium from which the Solar System was formed, and were formed in the Big
Primordial_nuclide
Proposed Chinese interstellar space probes
Earth and Jupiter, and heliosphere science. The heliosphere and the interstellar medium have so far been explored by only three NASA probes: Voyager 1, Voyager
Shensuo
Branch of modern astronomy
place in a vacuum with zero gravity.[citation needed] Most of the interstellar medium is not at rest, but is in supersonic motion due to supernova explosions
Astrophysical_fluid_dynamics
Chemical compound
mononitride was the first identified phosphorus compound in the interstellar medium and is even thought to be an important molecule in the atmospheres
Phosphorus_mononitride
Chemical element with atomic number 18 (Ar)
the form of argon hydride (argonium) ions, has been detected in interstellar medium associated with the Crab Nebula supernova; this was the first noble-gas
Argon
Family of organic compounds
Osamura, Y.; Bettinger, H. F. (2000). "Formation of nitriles in the interstellar medium via reactions of cyano radicals, CN(X2Σ+), with unsaturated hydrocarbons"
Cyanopolyyne
Heliosheath Heliopause Hydrogen wall, a pile up of hydrogen from the interstellar medium Outline of the Solar System Lists of astronomical objects List of
List_of_Solar_System_objects
Smallest unit of a chemical element
have a much higher concentration, with the density of matter in the interstellar medium (ISM) ranging from 105 to 109 atoms/m3. The Sun is believed to be
Atom
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Girl/Female
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Mythological, Sanskrit, Tamil
The Consort of Lord Vishnu; Mahalakshmi
Surname or Lastname
North German, Dutch, and Danish
North German, Dutch, and Danish : from a pet form of Hans or Heinrich.English : in part the German, Dutch, or Danish name (see 1), but possibly in some cases a variant of Scottish Hanning.Norwegian : habitational name from a farm in Trøndelag. The first element is of uncertain origin, possibly from hein ‘whetstone’; the second element is from Old Norse vin ‘meadow’.Swedish : probably of the same origin as 1.
Boy/Male
Indian, Parsi
Name of a King
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Moving; Alive; Knowledge; Wisdom; Goal
Boy/Male
Tamil
Snake, The king of serpents, A serpent chief
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Speaker; Elder Brother; Rain
Boy/Male
American, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Latin, Teutonic
Eager to Please; Industrious
Boy/Male
Muslim
Slave of the sustainer
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Traditional
Sun
Boy/Male
Teutonic American English
Active.
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
a.
Rising and falling like waves; resembling wave form or motion; undulatory; rolling; wavy; as, an undulating medium; undulating ground.
n.
A substance through which an effect is transmitted from one thing to another; as, air is the common medium of sound. Hence: The condition upon which any event or action occurs; necessary means of motion or action; that through or by which anything is accomplished, conveyed, or carried on; specifically, in animal magnetism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being is said to be manifested and transmitted.
n.
Specifically, the discursive faculty; the faculty of knowing by the medium or use of general conceptions or relations. In this sense it is contrasted with, and distinguished from, the reason.
a.
Having a middle position or degree; mean; intermediate; medial; as, a horse of medium size; a decoction of medium strength.
a.
Interstellar.
n.
To roll one's self about, as in mire; to tumble and roll about; to move lazily or heavily in any medium; to flounder; as, swine wallow in the mire.
a.
Between or among the stars; as, interstellar space.
v. i.
To be moved, or to pass, on a buoyant medium; to float.
v. i.
A vibration propagated from particle to particle through a body or elastic medium, as in the transmission of sound; an assemblage of vibrating molecules in all phases of a vibration, with no phase repeated; a wave of vibration; an undulation. See Undulation.
n.
A motion to and fro, up and down, or from side to side, in any fluid or elastic medium, propagated continuously among its particles, but with no translation of the particles themselves in the direction of the propagation of the wave; a wave motion; a vibration.
n.
Middle state or course; mean; medium.
a.
Having a medium size; as, a medium-sized man.
a.
Between or among constellations or stars; interstellar.
n.
Conveyance on a buoyant medium, as air or water.
n.
A fluid containing the products formed by the growth of the tubercle bacillus in a suitable culture medium.
n.
A limited reciprocating motion of a particle of an elastic body or medium in alternately opposite directions from its position of equilibrium, when that equilibrium has been disturbed, as when a stretched cord or other body produces musical notes, or particles of air transmit sounds to the ear. The path of the particle may be in a straight line, in a circular arc, or in any curve whatever.
n.
faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed.
pl.
of Medium
v. t.
To cause to move or go in a wavy manner, or by the impulse of waves, as of water or air; to bear along on a buoyant medium; as, a balloon was wafted over the channel.