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See searches and references containing INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION!INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
Phenomenon of placing protection of reputation above fidelity to truth in public bodies
an independent or public inquiry. Institutional corruption is differentiated from corruption by the institution's willingness to frustrate or slow the
Institutional_corruption
Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power
that corruption exists "across a wide range of venerated institutions" in the UK, ranked as one of the least corrupt countries by the Corruption Perceptions
Corruption
Use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain
who can be key in winning the favor. Some forms of corruption, now called "institutional corruption", are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of
Political_corruption
Country ranking by public sector corruption
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index published annually by Transparency International, a German registered association, since 1995. It scores
Corruption_Perceptions_Index
Abuse of power by civil law enforcement
recent trend of corruption manifestations. These institutional bodies, coupled with the high degree of intolerance toward corruption amongst Austrian
Police_corruption
the corruption that had been embedded under his administration, but still left many realms of Mexico in the clutches of institutional corruption. Following
Corruption_in_Mexico
for only 16% of total crimes committed), with petty crime and institutional corruption being more widespread. The violent crime rate in Bucharest remains
Crime_in_Bucharest
Poem by William Blake
England, the poem expresses themes of oppression, poverty, and institutional corruption. Scholars have suggested that Blake used this work to critique
London_(William_Blake_poem)
Activities associated with group decisions
From Individual to Institutional Corruption. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0-8157-8423-6. "African corruption 'on the wane'". BBC
Politics
American computer programmer and activist (1986–2013)
research fellow at Harvard University's Safra Research Lab on Institutional Corruption, directed by Lawrence Lessig. He founded the online group Demand
Aaron_Swartz
2015 book by Robert Whitaker and Lisa Cosgrove
Psychiatry Under the Influence: Institutional Corruption, Social Injury, and Prescriptions for Reform is a 2015 book by Robert Whitaker and Lisa Cosgrove
Psychiatry Under the Influence
Psychiatry_Under_the_Influence
Political party in Spain
that the PP helped establish "a genuine and effective system of institutional corruption through the manipulation of central, autonomous and local public
People's_Party_(Spain)
1987 unsolved murder in Sydenham, London
published in 2021; it found that the Met Police had "a form of institutional corruption" which had concealed or denied failings in the case. At the time
Murder_of_Daniel_Morgan
Brazilian-Monegasque billionaire and socialite (1934–2022)
million established a cross-disciplinary research laboratory on institutional corruption. Part of her collection, which mainly consists of handicrafts,
Lily_Safra
Premier of Queensland from 1968 to 1987
Country Party). He was renowned for his political longevity and the institutional corruption that pervaded his government. Bjelke-Petersen was born in New Zealand's
Joh_Bjelke-Petersen
Phrase meaning to protect oneself from repercussions
individual's career within it, and it may be seen as a type of institutional corruption working against individual initiative. The phrase cover your ass
Cover_your_ass
Indian economist
India (2004–2014)" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Retrieved 10 May 2025. Ravi, Shamika (2021). "Institutional Corruption in Indian Politics: An Empirical
Shamika_Ravi
institution in Italy, closely followed by public officials and Parliament, according to Transparency International. But in the 2013 Global Corruption
Corruption_in_Italy
Subgenre of crime fiction
Both regularly take place against a backdrop of systemic and institutional corruption. However, noir (French for "black") fiction is centred on protagonists
Noir_fiction
DEA agent murdered by drug traffickers (1947–1985)
intelligence-sharing, the drug trade continued due to mutual mistrust, institutional corruption, and the demand for narcotics within the U.S. Ultimately, the U
Kiki_Camarena
2025 film by Dominik Moll
Review: Léa Drucker Carries an Ambling Police Procedural About Institutional Corruption". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 15 May 2025. Retrieved
Case_137
overwhelming majority of people in Singapore view cases of corruption by public officials or institutions as an extremely rare occurrence. In 2025, Singapore's
Corruption_in_Singapore
Institutional corruption in the country
Corruption in the Maldives remains a persistent problem. The country was ranked in the 84th position on Transparency International’s Corruption Perception
Corruption_in_the_Maldives
Elements of mass media that focus on delivering news
public interest and democratic process, making it resilient to institutional corruption within the media system, economy of influence, conflicting dependence
News_media
well-developed legal and institutional framework for fighting against corruption. On Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, Belgium
Corruption_in_Belgium
2022 superhero film by Matt Reeves
"intelligent, emotionally nuanced storytelling", its exploration of institutional corruption, and its unique Gothic identity, though he wished for more levity
The_Batman_(film)
New Zealand Police controversies
The New Zealand Police is perceived to have a minimal level of institutional corruption. However, throughout its history, the New Zealand Police has been
List of New Zealand Police controversies
List_of_New_Zealand_Police_controversies
Institutional corruption in the country
Corruption is widespread in Burundi at all levels of government. The problem is deeply entrenched and manifests in various ways, including transactional
Corruption_in_Burundi
Research center at Harvard University
range widely, major themes have included professional ethics, institutional corruption, “Diversity, Justice and Democracy,” and "Political Economy and
Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Ethics
Edmond_&_Lily_Safra_Center_for_Ethics
Corruption in India is an issue that affects the economy of central, state, and local government agencies. Corruption is blamed for stunting the economy
Corruption_in_India
Structure or mechanism of social order
Historical institutionalism – Social science approach Ideological state apparatus Institute – Organisational body created for a certain purpose Institutional economics –
Institution
Index found corruption to have become widespread in the civil and military administration. It noted the lack of civil liberties, institutional checks and
Corruption_in_Eritrea
spheres. Despite legislative and institutional anti-corruption initiatives, the country remains vulnerable to corruption scandals, which reach the highest
Corruption_in_Kazakhstan
sources drawn from 13 different corruption surveys and assessments. ... collected by a variety of reputable institutions, including the World Bank and the
Corruption_in_Iran
ability to ensure integrity and prevent corruption in state bodies is generally sufficient due to a strong institutional setup. CDU donations scandal Crime
Corruption_in_Germany
2025 fantasy novel by Robert Jackson Bennett
A Drop of Corruption is a 2025 fantasy murder mystery novel by Robert Jackson Bennett. It is a sequel to his 2024 novel The Tainted Cup. Yarrowdale is
A_Drop_of_Corruption
President of Mexico from 2018 to 2024
reforms. Supporters praised him for promoting institutional renewal after decades of high inequality and corruption and refocusing the country's neoliberal
Andrés_Manuel_López_Obrador
2025 film by James J. Robinson
herself questioning the institution she has devoted her life to. The story explores themes of spiritual doubt, institutional corruption, and postcolonial trauma
First_Light_(2025_film)
Country in West Africa
of civil servants went on strike, joined by students protesting institutional corruption. The unrest forced the government to support multi-party democracy
Ivory_Coast
2022 political corruption scandal around the European Parliament
The Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament, also known as Qatargate, is a cash-for-influence investigation into several Members of the European
Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament
Qatar_corruption_scandal_at_the_European_Parliament
President of Palestine since 2005
Service characterised the Palestinian public's dissatisfaction with institutional corruption as a factor that contributed to a win by Hamas in the January 2006
Mahmoud_Abbas
Corruption in Austria describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in Austria. Austria has a well-developed institutional and legal system, and
Corruption_in_Austria
graft and corruption. Corruption cases have undermined the integrity of state institutions, including the country’s financial institutions and overall
Corruption_in_Suriname
that aimed to "effectively destroy" the power of two of Ukraine's anti-corruption bodies. These were the first anti-government demonstrations since the
2025 anti-corruption protests in Ukraine
2025_anti-corruption_protests_in_Ukraine
Mexican political party
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, pronounced [paɾˈtiðo reβolusjoˈnaɾjo jnstitusjoˈnal], PRI) is a
Institutional Revolutionary Party
Institutional_Revolutionary_Party
National police service of New Zealand
The New Zealand Police is perceived to have a minimal level of institutional corruption, though it has been involved in a variety of controversies over
New_Zealand_Police
minimal level of institutional corruption. The National Organised Crime Group within the New Zealand Police has uncovered some corruption in government agencies
Corruption_in_New_Zealand
graft and corruption. A significant instance of alleged corruption within Seychelles' tourism sector that is potentially linked to institutional weaknesses
Corruption_in_Seychelles
Establishment of racial discrimination as a policy within a society or organisation
Institutional racism, also systemic racism, is a form of institutional discrimination based upon the person's race or ethnic group, which is realized with
Institutional_racism
Croatian anti-corruption organization
enduring problems concerning inter-institutional coordination, and called the overall effectiveness of the institutional framework into question. About USKOK
Office for the Suppression of Corruption and Organised Crime
Office_for_the_Suppression_of_Corruption_and_Organised_Crime
public trust in key institutions remains low. Under Aleksandar Vučić, Serbia in 2024 reached its all time worst score in the Corruption Perceptions Index
Corruption_in_Serbia
Campaign in China since 2012
of political connections: evidence from China's anti-corruption campaign". Journal of Institutional Economics. 18 (5): 785–805. doi:10.1017/S1744137422000017
Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping
Ukrainian watchdog agency
The National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Націона́льне антикорупці́йне бюро́ Украї́ни, abbr. НАБУ, romanized: Natsionalne antykoruptsiine
National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
National_Anti-Corruption_Bureau_of_Ukraine
steps to fight corruption, including law enforcement and institutional setups. The prosecution of officials who are involved in corruption has also increased
Corruption_in_Moldova
financial institutions. Several sources suggest that the country's fight against corruption has been effective. However, efforts to combat corruption, especially
Corruption_in_Switzerland
key public institutions over the past 12 months, at 65%, is second only to corruption in India with 69%. In effect, as of 2012, corruption has been considered
Corruption_in_Vietnam
judiciary and the military are the most corrupt institutions in Portugal. Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index ranks the country in 43rd
Corruption_in_Portugal
Corruption in the United States has been a perennial political issue, peaking in the Jacksonian era and the Gilded Age before declining with the reforms
Corruption in the United States
Corruption_in_the_United_States
Former Japanese bank
ISBN 9780199259311. Carpenter, Susan (2014). Japan Inc. on the Brink: Institutional Corruption and Agency Failure. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 49. ISBN 9781137469441
Mitsui_Bank
Study of the development of social production
New Institutional Economics," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 142(1), pp. 230–237. • _____ (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change
Political_economy
Corruption in Azerbaijan is considered high and occurs at all levels of government. Corruption during the Soviet era was rife and persists into the present
Corruption_in_Azerbaijan
family had been using public institutions to coerce and solicit bribes. On Transparency International's 2025 Corruption Perceptions Index, Morocco scored
Corruption_in_Morocco
Corruption in Pakistan involves fraudulent practices carried out by officials and institutions, ranging from petty bribery to high-profile scandals. Corruption
Corruption_in_Pakistan
2017 South Korean TV series
cross the line to take revenge, battle organized crime, and end institutional corruption in their city. Park Joong-hoon as Woo Je-mun An experienced prosecutor
Bad_Guys_2
of essential services. Palau has adopted legal and institutional frameworks to address corruption. One key example is the Office of the Public Auditor
Corruption_in_Palau
Corruption in Ukraine since the country became an independent state in 1991 is a societal issue rooted in the dissolution of the Soviet Union that year
Corruption_in_Ukraine
Subdivision of applied ethics
public interest and democratic process, making it resilient to institutional corruption within the media system, economy of influence, conflicting dependence
Media_ethics
Political theory
the institutional model, political decay can be observed as a decrease in competence, credibility and establishment of institutional corruption over
Political_decay
While hard data on corruption are difficult to collect, corruption in Indonesia is seen through public opinion, collated through surveys as well as observation
Corruption_in_Indonesia
British television series
and starring David Harewood. A London solicitor investigates institutional corruption following the death of a young black man. David Harewood as Pierre
Pierre_(TV_series)
reshaped as the regime gained full control of state institutions. The impact of Orbán's regime on corruption is demonstrated in Hungary's shift towards a state
Corruption_in_Hungary
corruption within state institutions. Since 2017, Adama Barrow's administration has undertaken visible efforts to dismantle the systems of corruption
Corruption_in_the_Gambia
since 1992. Others also see strong links between institutional decline and rising corruption. Corruption in China results from the Party-State's inability
Corruption_in_China
Cases of corruption have been classified into three classes: bad-apple corruption, standard-operating-procedure corruption, and systemic corruption. Corrupt
Corruption_in_Japan
American politician
electoral campaigns have been motivated by what he's explained is institutional corruption that has engulfed Tacoma municipal and Washington state government
Will_Baker
American political scientist
more to institutional ones (such as abuse of power and neglect of accountability). His approach stimulated new work on institutional corruption. Thompson's
Dennis_F._Thompson
South Australian corruption commissioner
encountered in his investigations any evidence of systemic or institutional corruption in South Australia." In October 2015, it was revealed to be BioSA
Independent Commission Against Corruption (South Australia)
Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(South_Australia)
Corruption in Libya is considered a serious problem. In 2024, Transparency International ranked Libya 173rd out of 180 countries in its Corruption Perceptions
Corruption_in_Libya
Violation of codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in scientific research
out to P&G?". Slate. Retrieved 2013-08-04. Wilmshurst P (2002). "Institutional corruption in medicine (2002)". British Medical Journal. 325 (7374): 1232–1235
Scientific_misconduct
South Korean government agency
administrative appeals, and for thereby fighting corruption. ACRC is intended to overhaul the legal and institutional framework in order to offer more convenient
Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
Anti-Corruption_and_Civil_Rights_Commission
President of DR Congo and Zaire from 1965 to 1997
and the world. Kisangani wrote that Mobutu created a system of institutional corruption that greatly debased public morality by rewarding venality and
Mobutu_Sese_Seko
public surveys in Kosovo and reports from institutions such as the European Commission, levels of corruption and impunity among politicians are high. On
Corruption_in_Kosovo
Spanish football scandal
The Negreira investigation is an ongoing sports corruption investigation involving Spanish football club Barcelona and José María Enríquez Negreira, a
Negreira_case
challenge due to limited resources and institutional weaknesses. Tuvalu also does not have a national anti-corruption strategy. It merely relies on preventive
Corruption_in_Tuvalu
Country in South Asia
among the highest in the world. Like many developing countries, institutional corruption is an issue of concern for Bangladesh. Bangladesh ranked 146th
Bangladesh
Concept of responsibility in ethics, governance and decision-making
ISSN 1086-3214. S2CID 154830665. Callen, Michael; Long, James D. (2015). "Institutional Corruption and Election Fraud: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan"
Accountability
Corruption in Liechtenstein has been described as relatively low compared to other nations. This has been achieved by the small European principality through
Corruption_in_Liechtenstein
Growing one's existing wealth without creating new wealth
risk of increased corruption and cronyism, the decline in public trust in institutions, and potential socioeconomic and institutional decline. Successful
Rent-seeking
in 2002. Corruption affects East Timorese socio-economic development and public trust in government institutions. The history of corruption in Timor-Leste
Corruption_in_Timor-Leste
1981 American thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula
Retrospective reviews have highlighted the film's accurate portrayal of institutional corruption, with some noting that its depiction of premeditated bank failure
Rollover_(film)
American journalist
2010, ISBN 978-0-307-45241-2 Psychiatry Under the Influence: Institutional Corruption, Social Injury, and Prescriptions for Reform, with Lisa Cosgrove
Robert_Whitaker_(author)
Ukrainian government agency
law-enforcement institution, the NACP has a preventive function. As such, the Agency develops regulations that help prevent corruption and ensures compliance
National Agency on Corruption Prevention
National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention
Corruption in Rwanda has attracted attention due to its government’s positioning as a champion of anti-corruption efforts. There is a notable improvement
Corruption_in_Rwanda
Corruption in Russia is considered a very serious problem, impacting various aspects of life, including the economy, business, politics, public administration
Corruption_in_Russia
Corruption in Mongolia remains a significant issue that affects its economic development and erodes public trust in state institutions. The existing state
Corruption_in_Mongolia
undermine public trust in government institutions but also adversely affects economic development and the rule of law. Corruption in the Maltese islands has significantly
Corruption_in_Malta
Israeli journalist
independent opinions. [citation needed] He often targets government and institutional corruption. His program gives voice to the disenfranchised, exposing dishonest
Gabi_Gazit
Institutional corruption in the country
Corruption in Navarre refers to a quick succession of corruption scandals which have come to light since 2012 referring to the UPN's tenure in office (since
Corruption_in_Navarre
practices despite laws and institutional instruments that are in place to prevent and punish corruption. In an attempt to combat corruption, Yoweri Museveni created
Corruption_in_Uganda
perpetuated corruption, using state resources for personal gain and suppressing any opposition. In the early 2000s, the government established institutions such
Corruption_in_Malawi
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Institution
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, possibly a corruption of the French surname Guillemot, from Guillaume (English William), WILMOT means "will-helmet."
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew RÉ™uwel, REUEL means "friend of God." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a son of Esau. In the Book of Enoch, this name is included as one of the seven archangels. He is known as the archangel of fairness, harmony, and justice; he oversees the other angels to make sure that they are all working peacefully together with mankind. All angels and archangels who transgress must face this angel who passes judgment and issues punishment. He belongs to the choir of Principalities and is mainly focused on keeping heaven pure of corruption. He is the angel who carried Enoch to heaven and back to earth. He is identified with the angel of the 5th Seal in Revelation 6:9-11, and is believed to be the angel who opens the bottomless pit. He is also sometimes identified with Abaddon, an angel believed by some to be the devil. There are references to a similar figure in Babylonian texts which refer to him as Rag or Ragumu, and in Sumerian texts as Rig.Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : most probably a habitational name from Colwich in Staffordshire, named from Old English col ‘(char)coal’ + wīc ‘building’. Derivation from the word denoting an educational institution is less likely, but see Coolidge.
Male
Hebrew
(רְעוּ×ֵל) Hebrew name RÆUWEL means "friend of God." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a son of Esau. In the Book of Enoch, this name is included as one of the seven archangels. He is known as the archangel of fairness, harmony, and justice; he oversees the other angels to make sure that they are all working peacefully together with mankind. All angels and archangels who transgress must face this angel who passes judgment and issues punishment. He belongs to the choir of Principalities and is mainly focused on keeping heaven pure of corruption. He is the angel who carried Enoch to heaven and back to earth. He is identified with the angel of the 5th Seal in Revelation 6:9-11, and is believed to be the angel who opens the bottomless pit. He is also sometimes identified with Abaddon, an angel believed by some to be the devil. There are references to a similar figure in Babylonian texts which refer to him as Rag or Ragumu, and in Sumerian texts as Rig.Â
Female
Greek
(Ίσις) Greek form of Coptic Esi, ISIS means "(female) of the throne," which is usually translated "Queen of the throne." This name is a corruption of her true name which is unknown because Egyptian hieroglyphs left out most of the vowels.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : habitational name from Dudley in the West Midlands, named from the Old English personal name Dudda (see Dodd) + Old English lēah ‘woodland clearing’.Irish (County Cork) : English name adopted by bearers of Gaelic Ó Dubhdáleithe ‘descendant of Dubhdáleithe’, a personal name composed of the elements dubh ‘black’ + dá ‘two’ + léithe ‘sides’.Thomas Dudley (1576–1653), born at Northampton, England, sailed on the Arbella to Salem, MA, in 1630 with the chief men of the Massachusetts Bay Company. They first settled at Newtown. Dudley subsequently moved to Ipswich but then permanently settled at Roxbury. He was elected four times as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and as one of the two commissioners for the colony when the New England Confederation was formed in 1643. He was one of the first overseers of Harvard University, and in 1650, as governor, signed the charter for that institution. Dudley’s seventh and most noted child, Joseph (1647–1720) was also governor of MA (1702–15).
Male
English
French surname transferred to forename use, of Norman origin, but the derivation has been lost due to corruption of form by association with the French word fraise, FRASER means "strawberry."Â In English and Scottish use.
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly a corruption of Derby, a shire of England, so called from doire, DARBY means "a forest abounding in deer."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name, perhaps from Darnford in Suffolk, Great Durnford in Wiltshire, or Dernford Farm in Sawston, Cambridgeshire, all named from Old English dierne ‘hidden’ + ford ‘ford’.Nicholas Danforth, a man of considerable property, emigrated in about 1634 with his children to Cambridge, MA, from Framlingham, Suffolk, England, after the death of his wife Elizabeth. He was elected to various political offices in the colony. His son Thomas (1623–99) was admitted as a freeman in 1643 and was named treasurer of Harvard College in the 1650 charter granted that institution.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Norman personal name Asketin, a pet form of the Old Norse name Ãsketil (see Haskell).Irish : shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hUiscÃn ‘descendant of UiscÃn’, apparently a diminutive of uisce ‘water’ (and thus the surname may be ‘translated’ Waters), but possibly a corruption of a diminutive of Fuarghus meaning ‘cold choice’.Jewish (from Ukraine) : metronymic from Yiddish name Khaske, a pet form of Khane (see Hanna 1) + the Slavic possessive suffix -in.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Institution
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
Girl/Female
British, English, Greek, Jamaican
Deity
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Royle.Altered spelling of German Reul or Reule.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Surrounded; Involved; Encompassed; Melted; Fused; Cloud; Champion
Boy/Male
Tamil
Water
Boy/Male
Muslim
Slave of the one who conceals faults
Girl/Female
Hindu
The Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Safety
Boy/Male
Arabic
Servant.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Brilliant
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Learned; The Wise Man; Good Knowledge
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRUPTION
a.
For the benefit or one's constitution or health; as, a constitutional walk.
a.
Relating to an institution, or institutions.
n.
That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute.
n.
That which instituted or established
n.
Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity.
a.
Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary.
a.
Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government; as, a constitutional risis.
a.
In accordance with, or authorized by, the constitution of a state or a society; as, constitutional reforms.
n.
An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary institution; a charitable institution; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution.
a.
Instituted by authority.
n.
The Smithsonian Institution.
n.
A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or constitution.
a.
Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity; constitutional ardor or dullness.
a.
Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a constitution; as, constitutional government; constitutional rights.
n.
Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits.
n.
The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge.
a.
Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional legends.
a.
Elementary; rudimental.
n.
The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment; foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school.