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Thermodynamic model
A group-contribution method in chemistry is a technique to estimate and predict thermodynamic and other properties from molecular structures. In today's
Group-contribution_method
Thermodynamic model
slightly the formulas of the old Lydersen method. The Joback method is a group-contribution method. These kinds of methods use basic structural information of
Joback_method
Group of atoms giving a molecule characteristic properties
triphenylmethyl. Category:Functional groups Group contribution method Compendium of Chemical Terminology (IUPAC "Gold Book") functional group Archived 2019-05-16 at
Functional_group
Model of phase equilibrium in statistical thermodynamics
basis of the development of the group contribution method UNIFAC, where molecules are subdivided into functional groups. In fact, UNIQUAC is equal to UNIFAC
UNIQUAC
Thermodynamic model
Klincewicz method is a predictive method based both on group contributions and on a correlation with some basic molecular properties. The method estimates
Klincewicz_method
Measure of positive and negative charges
S2CID 4391272. K. Müller; L. Mokrushina; W. Arlt (2012). "Second-Order Group Contribution Method for the Determination of the Dipole Moment". J. Chem. Eng. Data
Electric_dipole_moment
Electromagnetic phenomenon
S2CID 4391272. K. Müller; L. Mokrushina; W. Arlt (2012). "Second-Order Group Contribution Method for the Determination of the Dipole Moment". J. Chem. Eng. Data
Dipole
Concept in chemistry
(2008). "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method". International Journal of Thermophysics. 29 (2): 568. Bibcode:2008IJT
Hansen_solubility_parameter
Thermodynamic model in physical chemistry
still is practically useful as one of the best group-contribution methods aside from computational methods such as molecular mechanics. However, the BGIT
Benson_group_increment_theory
Physics applied to chemical systems
of contemporary physical chemistry. See Group contribution method, Lydersen method, Joback method, Benson group increment theory, quantitative structure–activity
Physical_chemistry
Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
document), ESDU. Pankow, J. F.; et al. (2008). "SIMPOL.1: a simple group contribution method for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization
Vapor_pressure
Thermodynamic model
Lydersen method is a group contribution method for the estimation of critical properties temperature (Tc), pressure (Pc) and volume (Vc). The method is named
Lydersen_method
electrofuge, as during decarboxylation: List of functional groups Group contribution method Xie, Meihua; Wang, Jialiang; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Shaowu (2009-06-15)
Vinyl_iodide_functional_group
Method of estimating liquid densities
objective of this method is the simple prediction of the density and not high precision. The method uses purely additive volume contributions for single atoms
Girolami_method
Approximate quantum chemistry model
specific, which is a distinctive feature of COSMO-RS as compared to group contribution methods like UNIFAC. The original streamline of COSMO-RS was continuously
COSMO-RS
Mathematical models for calculating viscosity
For example, the group contribution method applied to a shear viscosity model is not displayed. Even though it is an important method,[citation needed]
Viscosity_models_for_mixtures
Liquid equilibrium model in statistical thermodynamics
In statistical thermodynamics, the UNIFAC method (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients) is a semi-empirical system for the prediction of non-electrolyte
UNIFAC
Model-based representation of processes
Multistage Multicomponent Separation Processes Using the UNIFAC Group-Contribution Method”, Can.J.Chem.Eng., 64, 759-767, 1986 Mallya J.U., Zitney S.E.
Process_simulation
Ratio of concentrations in a mixture at equilibrium
a wide variety of molecules. The most common of these uses a group contribution method and is termed cLogP. It has been shown that the log P of a compound
Partition_coefficient
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge through careful observation, rigorous skepticism, hypothesis testing, and experimental
Scientific_method
Japanese art of paper folding
method of making paper in the Heian period. The papermaking technique developed in Japan around 805 to 809 was called nagashi-suki (流し漉き), a method of
Origami
vapor–liquid phase equilibria data collection was the development of the group contribution method UNIFAC which allows to estimate vapor pressures of mixtures. The
Dortmund_Data_Bank
American electronic music duo
and The Crystal Method. In 2017, Ken Jordan retired from music and left the group, with Scott Kirkland adopting The Crystal Method as a solo moniker
The_Crystal_Method
Type of cooperative argumentative dialogue
The Socratic method is a form of argumentative dialogue in which an individual probes a conversation partner on a topic, using questions and clarifications
Socratic_method
State of matter
calculated using equations of state, such as the Peng–Robinson, or group-contribution methods. Other properties, such as density, can also be calculated using
Supercritical_fluid
Statistical method
statistical method that explains the difference in the means of a dependent variable between two groups by decomposing the gap into within-group and between-group
Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition
Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder_decomposition
Private sponsorship of thermodynamic models
invite private companies to support the further development of the group-contribution methods UNIFAC and its successor modified UNIFAC (Dortmund). Both models
UNIFAC_Consortium
Interactive forecasting method
(1996). "The Delphi Method and its Contribution to Decision Making". In Adler M, Ziglio E (eds.). Gazing Into the Oracle: The Delphi Method and Its Application
Delphi_method
German chemist (born 1946)
models like UNIFAC (see also group contribution method) and extensions. For the further development of these widely used methods Gmehling founded an industry
Jürgen_Gmehling
Russian theoretical physicist (1928–2016)
theoretical physicist, known for his contribution to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method. Dmitry Shirkov graduated from
Dmitry_Shirkov
Spanish chemist and academic
Adjiman; Amparo Galindo; George Jackson (1 December 2007). "A group contribution method for associating chain molecules based on the statistical associating
Amparo_Galindo
Signal processing algorithm
The method of reassignment is a technique for sharpening a time-frequency representation (e.g. spectrogram or the short-time Fourier transform) by mapping
Reassignment_method
Decision making method
voting, where only the largest group is considered). The method of tallying is difference. First, every member of the group gives their view of the solution
Nominal_group_technique
Thermodynamic model for the estimation of limiting activity coefficients
Sydnee N; Stalcup, Erin M; Paluch, Andrew S (2017). "GC-MOSCED: A group contribution method for predicting MOSCED parameters with application to limiting
MOSCED
Concept in game theory
theory, the Shapley value is a method (solution concept) for fairly distributing the total gains or costs among a group of players who have collaborated
Shapley_value
American record label group formed in 1998
The Island Def Jam Music Group (also simply known as Island Def Jam or by its acronym IDJMG) was an American record label group formed on December 31, 1998
The Island Def Jam Music Group
The_Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group
American investment bank
innovator at establishing the price–earnings ratio, instead of book value, as a method for valuing companies, and was therefore able to raise funds for retailers
Goldman_Sachs
Group brainstorming technique
6-3-5 Brainwriting (or 635 Method, Method 635) is a group-structured brainstorming technique aimed at aiding innovation processes by stimulating creativity
6-3-5_Brainwriting
Method of crystal growth
The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals (monocrystals)
Czochralski_method
Form of research
note-taking, interviews, focus groups (group interviews), documents, images and artifacts. Research interviews are an important method of data collection in qualitative
Qualitative_research
Aspect of military history
Soviet Union, United States and Britain.[a] Poles made substantial contributions to the Allied effort throughout the war, fighting on land, sea, and
Military history of Poland during World War II
Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II
Universal detection technique for gas chromatography
resulting in an accurate quantitative representation of individual analyte contribution to the original response. This characteristically lends itself to significantly
Gas chromatography–vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy
Gas_chromatography–vacuum_ultraviolet_spectroscopy
Group interviewed to analyse opinions
the focus group method for message testing purpose among diverse populations. Used in qualitative research, the interviews involve a group of people who
Focus_group
Scientific technique used in historical linguistics
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or
Comparative_method
Norwegian chemical engineer (1919–1995)
already published data. This method is a group contribution method, and is also referred to as the Lydersen method. Determination of physical data became
Aksel_Lydersen
Rediscovery of the trapezoidal rule in 1994
Other Metabolic Curves". In the paper, Tai proposes "Tai's model" as a method of estimating the area under a curve by dividing the area into simple polygons
Tai's_model
German multinational science and technology company
scientists who have made contributions to chemical and pharmaceutical research. The award was established in 1988 to recognize novel methods in analytical chemistry
Merck_Group
Retirement fund
retirement and the contributions to the pension are adjusted to support these defined retirement payments, or a "defined contribution plan", under which
Pension
Study of research methods
methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method
Methodology
per unit * units sold (P - VC - FC/q) * q Contribution - Fixed cost (P - VC) * q - FC The Cigar Box Method is an Excel-based model. Only one spreadsheet
Cigar_Box_method
2004 studio album by the Crystal Method
electronic music duo the Crystal Method. It was released on January 13, 2004, by V2 Records. The album features contributions from Milla Jovovich and Kyuss
Legion_of_Boom_(album)
Method for solving ordinary differential equations
In mathematics, the method of Frobenius, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, is a way to find an infinite series solution for a linear second-order
Frobenius_method
Factorial method
Multiple factor analysis (MFA) is a factorial method devoted to the study of tables in which a group of individuals is described by a set of variables
Multiple_factor_analysis
Process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles
monitoring of all members in the group. Group work may be coordinated among members so that each member makes an equal contribution to the whole work. Members
Problem_solving
Statistical test for multiple comparisons
Tukey's range test, also known as Tukey's test, Tukey method, Tukey's honest significance test, or Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test,
Tukey's_range_test
Group making loans to developing countries
The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. The group is the largest
World_Bank_Group
Proposed method of financing higher education
A graduate tax is a proposed method of financing higher education. It has been proposed in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Under the Higher
Graduate_tax
Basque separatist group (1960–2018)
ceasefire, in a contribution piece to The New York Times, Tony Blair indicated that lessons in dealing with paramilitary separatist groups can be learned
ETA_(separatist_group)
American photographer and environmentalist (1902–1984)
Fred Archer developed a system of image-making called the Zone System, a method of achieving a desired final print through a technical understanding of
Ansel_Adams
International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics (ICGTMP) is an academic conference devoted to applications of group theory to physics. It was
International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics
International_Colloquium_on_Group_Theoretical_Methods_in_Physics
Scientific procedure performed to validate a hypothesis
by statistical methods that take into account the amount of variation between individuals and the number of individuals in each group. In fields such
Experiment
science education (SIGCSE). Outstanding contributions can include curriculum design, innovative teaching methods, authorship of textbooks, and the development
SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education
SIGCSE_Award_for_Outstanding_Contribution_to_Computer_Science_Education
Slovak toxicologist and researcher
alternative methods to animal testing. She is recognized for her contributions to the development and validation of non-animal testing methods used in regulatory
Helena_Kandarova
Set of computational techniques
applied. These methods use statistical approaches such as non-negative or constrained linear regression methods to dissect the contribution of each cell
Cellular_deconvolution
Theorem classifying finite simple groups
classified by Aschbacher in 1978 Groups with a strongly p-embedded subgroup for p odd The signalizer functor method for odd primes. The main problem is
Classification of finite simple groups
Classification_of_finite_simple_groups
Statistical methods to improve the quality of manufactured goods
Taguchi methods (Japanese: タグチメソッド) are statistical methods, sometimes called robust design methods, developed by Genichi Taguchi to improve the quality
Taguchi_methods
Seminal mathematical work by Giuseppe Peano
nova methodo exposita (The principles of arithmetic, presented by a new method) by Giuseppe Peano is widely considered to be a seminal document in mathematical
Arithmetices principia, nova methodo exposita
Arithmetices_principia,_nova_methodo_exposita
Method of reasoning via argumentation and contradiction
romanized: dialektikḗ; German: Dialektik), also known as the dialectical method, refers originally to dialogue between people holding different points of
Dialectic
people groups. Ethnolinguistic groups collectively known as the Lowland Christians, forms the majority ethnic group. The Muslim ethnolinguistic groups of
Ethnic groups in the Philippines
Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines
American hip hop collective
wave of the group members' solo albums, producing out of his basement studio in Staten Island.[citation needed] In November 1994, Method Man's debut album
Wu-Tang_Clan
Methods used by advocacy groups aim to influence public opinion and shape public policy in support of the groups' objectives. The nature of an advocacy
Methods used by advocacy groups
Methods_used_by_advocacy_groups
uncertainty by fixing future obligations. Defined Contribution Health Plans have in recent years become a viable method for offering benefits as individual health
Defined contribution health benefits
Defined_contribution_health_benefits
American R&B singer (born 1981)
with the group before departing as a member. While her musical contribution to the group was minimal, Franklin's vocals are featured on the group's single
Farrah_Franklin
Cyclic chemical group (–C6H5)
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5−, and is often represented by the pseudoelement
Phenyl_group
Concept in theoretical physics
new method in the theory of second-order phase transitions and critical phenomena in 1971. He was awarded the Nobel prize for these contributions in 1982
Renormalization_group
Protein quality method
Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) is a protein quality method proposed in March 2013 by the Food and Agriculture Organization to replace
Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score
Digestible_Indispensable_Amino_Acid_Score
Formal method for the development of computer-based systems
The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is one of the longest-established formal methods for the development of computer-based systems. Originating in work
Vienna_Development_Method
Retirement pension benefit funds
government revenue. Superannuation is a tax-advantaged method of saving as the 15% tax rate on contributions is lower than the rate an employee would have paid
Superannuation_in_Australia
French mathematician and lawyer (1601–1665)
adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which
Pierre_de_Fermat
Systematic study of people and cultures
group members' own interpretation of such behavior. Ethnography is a form of inquiry that relies heavily on participant observation. In this method,
Ethnography
Working group for military enterprise architectures
International Defence Enterprise Architecture Specification for exchange Group (IDEAS Group) is a project involving four nations (plus NATO as observers) and
IDEAS_Group
Method in speedcubing
1982 after she got the idea from Guus Razoux Schultz. Her main contribution to the method was developing the OLL and PLL algorithms, which together allowed
CFOP_method
Business education workshop
is known as the Método de Capacitación Masiva (MCM) or large-group capacitation method (LGCM). The OW originated in Brazil with de Morais' 1954 Recife
Organization_workshop
Group creativity technique
sessions to train the team in the method before tackling the important ideas.[citation needed] Each person in a circular group writes down one idea, and then
Brainstorming
Vietnam War–era American multi-service special operations unit
teething troubles. His expectations and assumptions were incorrect. The contribution of the South Vietnamese came in the form of SOG's counterpart organization
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group
Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam_–_Studies_and_Observations_Group
Book by Gene Sharp
greater grasp of its armory of methods of struggle." A total of 198 methods are listed in the table of contents, and Sharp groups them into three broad categories
The Politics of Nonviolent Action
The_Politics_of_Nonviolent_Action
Method in quantum chemistry
outperformed ab initio excited state calculations. These methods can be grouped into several groups: Methods such as CNDO/2, INDO and NDDO that were introduced
Semi-empirical quantum chemistry method
Semi-empirical_quantum_chemistry_method
Taking in the meaning of letters or symbols
the method for everyone, and by 1837 the method was adopted by the Boston Primary School Committee. By 1844 the defects of the whole-word method became
Reading
American acting coach and actor (1901–1982)
and helped form the Group Theater in New York in 1931. There, he created a technique that became known as "The Method" or "Method Acting". His teaching
Lee_Strasberg
Technique in quantum chemistry
coefficients are the weights of the contributions of the n atomic orbitals to the molecular orbital. The Hartree–Fock method is used to obtain the coefficients
Linear combination of atomic orbitals
Linear_combination_of_atomic_orbitals
Groups using advocacy in order to influence public opinion and policy
religious, moral, commercial or common good-based positions. Groups use varied methods to try to achieve their aims, including lobbying, media campaigns
Advocacy_group
Calculation of complex statistical distributions
reasonably high contribution to the integral to move into next, assigning them higher probabilities. Random walk Monte Carlo methods are a kind of random
Markov_chain_Monte_Carlo
or procedure. Additionally, small group communication provides strong feedback, unique contributions to the group as well as a critical thinking analysis
Communication_in_small_groups
monitored in order to detect planetary microlensing contributions at a reasonable rate. This method is most fruitful for planets between Earth and the
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets
Intelligence of machines
engineering, mathematics and computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use
Artificial_intelligence
Combining multiple simulation methods
correlation contributions to the final energy. The HLC takes the same form but with different empirical parameters. G4 is a compound method in spirit of
Quantum chemistry composite methods
Quantum_chemistry_composite_methods
Iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates in statistical models
statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates
Expectation–maximization algorithm
Expectation–maximization_algorithm
Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (KKR) method is used to calculate the electronic band structure of periodic solids. In the derivation of the method using multiple scattering
Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker_method
Facilitating a peaceful outcome to a dispute
the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts
Conflict_resolution
Collection of statistical models
methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between the group
Analysis_of_variance
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
Boy/Male
Arabic
Group; Army
Girl/Female
Biblical
Bitter contrition.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Conquering a Group
Boy/Male
Biblical Hebrew
Contrition, bitter, bruising'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in coarse meal, Old English grūt, Old Norse grautr ‘porridge’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Group of people
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Group of God
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Group of Lights
Biblical
who possesses contrition
Boy/Male
Tamil
Commander of group
Biblical
bitter contrition
Boy/Male
Tamil
Contribution of God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Contribution of God
Boy/Male
Indian
Group of people
Girl/Female
Arabic
Soul; Group Leader
Girl/Female
Biblical American English Hebrew Latin
Who possesses contrition.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Soul; Group Leader
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : habitational name from a place in the parish of Gamrie, near Banff. The place is situated on a headland affording some sheltered anchorage, and is said to get its name from Middle English true hope; however, when first recorded in 1296 it already appears as Trup, so it is more likely to be of the same origin as Thorpe.English : variant of Throop.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Writings; Contribution; Document; Article
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit
Group Leader
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French poing destre ‘right fist’. This name is particularly associated with Huguenot refugees who fled from France to England, and from there to VA.
Boy/Male
Indian
Sweet
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly southeastern)
English (chiefly southeastern) : from the Middle English personal name Phil(i)pot, a pet form of Philip.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for the Truth
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Dutch, English, French, Greek, Indian, Irish, Latin, Lebanese, Telugu
Follower of Christ; Anointed; Anointed Christian
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, French
Destiny
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Divine helmet.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kavinesh | கவீநேஷÂ
Lord of poet
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chief, Worthy of admiration
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, German
Distilled Wine; Variant of the Beverage Brandy Used as a Given Name
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
GROUP CONTRIBUTION-METHOD
n.
A charitable contribution; a collection.
a.
Contributing to tillage.
a.
Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.
n.
Payment, by each of several jointly liable, of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their number for the common benefit.
a.
Contributing, or tending to contribute.
a.
Tributary; contributing.
n.
An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country.
n.
An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.
n.
Any comprehensive group of animals or plants including several subordinate related groups.
v. t.
To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.
n.
To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.
n.
An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated with the development of a false membrane in the air passages (also called membranous croup). See False croup, under False, and Diphtheria.
n.
Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.
a.
Conducive; tending; contributing.
a.
Subsisting on alms or charitable contributions.
n.
The act of contributing.
a.
Not contributing.
n.
That which is contributed; -- either the portion which an individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole which is formed by the gifts of individuals.
a.
Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock; contributive.
n.
A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.