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Reproductive bud of sponges
Gemmules are internal buds found in sponges and are involved in asexual reproduction. It is an asexually reproduced mass of cells, that is capable of developing
Gemmule
Darwin's proposed mechanism for heredity
body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules that aggregated in the gonads, contributing heritable information to the
Pangenesis
Animals of the phylum Porifera
temperatures drop, many freshwater species and a few marine ones produce gemmules, "survival pods" of unspecialized cells that remain dormant until conditions
Sponge
Juvenile form of distinct animals before metamorphosis
(immature) stages and other life cycle stages: In Porifera: olynthus, gemmule In Cnidaria: ephyra, scyphistoma, strobila, gonangium, hydranth, polyp
Larva
Soviet agronomist and pseudoscientist (1898–1976)
every part of the body emits tiny gemmules which migrate to the gonads and are transferred to offspring. Gemmules were thought to develop into their
Trofim_Lysenko
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
whole") and genesis ("birth") / genos ("origin"). Darwin used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction.
Gene
Order of sponges
traits of the gemmules. Some species, especially those endemic to ancient lakes (such as rift lakes) have lost the ability to create gemmules, necessitating
Spongillida
British eugenist, polymath, and behavioural geneticist (1822–1911)
proposed as part of this model that certain particles, which he called "gemmules" moved throughout the body and were also responsible for the inheritance
Francis_Galton
Genus of sponges
sponges form gemmules. Gemmules are highly resistant buds that can live dormant for extended periods of time. When conditions improve, the gemmules "germinate"
Spongilla
Phylum of colonial aquatic invertebrates called moss animals
statoblasts, masses of cells that function as "survival pods" rather like the gemmules of sponges. Statoblasts form on the funiculus connected to the parent's
Bryozoa
Class of sponges
gemmules. In budding, aggregates of cells differentiate into small sponges that are released superficially or expelled through the oscula. Gemmules are
Demosponge
Obsolete theory of genetics
was that each part of the parent's body emitted tiny particles called gemmules, which migrated through the body to contribute to that parent's gametes
Blending_inheritance
Hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve towards some goal
animals, alongside natural selection Pangenesis theory of inheritance by gemmules from all over body was Lamarckian: parents could pass on traits acquired
Orthogenesis
gemmaceous, gemmate, gemmiferous, gemmiform, gemmiparous, gemmulation, gemmule, gemmuliferous †gemmula gemmul- gena gen- cheek fixigena, gena, genal,
List of Latin words with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_words_with_English_derivatives
Scientific hypothesis about inheritance
in response to environmental stimulation (use and disuse), throw off 'gemmules' or 'pangenes' which travelled around the body, though not necessarily
Lamarckism
Species of sponge in the family Suberitidae
radially near the surface, but chaotically in the interior. There may be gemmules near the base of the sponge. S. ficus is found in the Atlantic Ocean as
Suberites_ficus
Order of moss animals
statoblasts, masses of cells that function as "survival pods" rather like the gemmules of sponges. Statoblasts form on the funiculus (cord) connected to the parent's
Phylactolaemata
Species of sponge
reproduction: by gemmules and by budding. Gemmules: Gemmules are elaborate, highly-resistant resting stages formed by freshwater sponges. Gemmules can be produced
Spongilla_lacustris
Species of gastropod
four gemmule rows, and part of a fifth is visible along the suture. The body whorl has twelve rows, of which seven are on the base. The gemmules are prominent
Clanculus_comarilis
English philosopher and political theorist (1820–1903)
offspring. These hypothetical hereditary units are similar to Darwin's gemmules. For many,[citation needed] the name of Herbert Spencer is virtually synonymous
Herbert_Spencer
Genus of sponges
Anheteromeyenia A. argyrosperma gemmule cross section A. argyrosperma spicules Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Porifera Class: Demospongiae
Anheteromeyenia
Species of gastropod
above which are four rows of gemmules, the penultimate whorl and those immediately above have each three rows of gemmules. On the seventh the median row
Aclophoropsis_maculosa
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
body. His theory of inheritance was rooted in the (now disproven) idea of gemmules - small, hypothetical particles, which capture the essence of an organism
Genetic_variation
Statoblasts are masses of cells that function as "survival pods" rather like the gemmules of sponges. Statoblasts form on the funiculus (cord) connected to the parent's
Statoblast
Species of sponge
They reproduce asexually through gemmules made up of archeocytes that are enclosed by a collagenous coat. Gemmules still survive upon the death of the
Suberites_domuncula
Metabolic state of life
invertebrates, such as brine shrimps, copepods, nematodes, and sponge gemmules, are capable of surviving in a seemingly inactive state during anoxic conditions
Cryptobiosis
Fusion of natural selection with Mendelian inheritance
1868 theory of pangenesis, with contributions to the next generation (gemmules) flowing from all parts of the body, actually implied Lamarckism as well
Modern synthesis (20th century)
Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)
Species of hydrozoan
asexual reproduction takes place, possibly in response to stress, when gemmules form as rounded stubby outgrowths from the branches. These become detached
Obelia_longissima
Darwin's pangenesis theory. Every part of the body emits tiny particles, gemmules, which migrate to the gonads and contribute to the fertilised egg and so
History_of_genetics
Species of gastropod
latticed, and cancellate, the junctions of these cancellated lirae being gemmuled The shell contains six whorls, two being apical. The aperture is sinuous
Pseudodaphnella_spyridula
Similarly in asexual reproduction amoebocytes result in the formation of gemmules which are cyst-like spheres containing more amoebocytes as well as other
Archaeocyte
Family of sponges
(3,050, 2,760, and 3,610 ft) deep respectively). This family lacks the gemmules characteristic of Spongillids, which restricts them to sexual reproduction;
Lubomirskiidae
Species of gastropod
the penultimate whorl. The strongest sinus cord has shallow, elliptical gemmules (12-15 per whorl). The body whorl features about 16 primary spiral cords
Turridrupa_poppei
Species of gastropod
crossed by delicate non-gemmuled spirals. It is on the body whorl alone, which is slightly effusely ventricose, that these gemmules appear, which are extremely
Daphnella_veneris
Species of gastropod
prominent spirals. The points of intersection are raised into rounded gemmules. There are seventeen axials on the penultimate and nineteen on the body-whorl
Alvania_maclurgi
Extinct species of gastropod
two spiral threads, which are broken up into a close series of rounded gemmules. Below this is a strongly concave shoulder extending to the keel, which
Bathytoma_mitchelsoni
Species of liverwort
winter when rainfall is higher, as raindrops are required to disperse the gemmules. Marchantia berteroana contains the flavones isoscutellarein and hypolaetin
Marchantia_berteroana
Celebrated long-lived 19th-century specimen
required to understand how the species reproduces. "Corpusculum" and "gemmule" were terms Dalyell often used for early stages of the embryo. Granny was
Granny_(sea_anemone)
Species of gastropod
angle. Beneath the latter there are four much stronger riblets, forming gemmules at the intersections of the longitudinals. The body whorl contains about
Leucosyrinx_eremita
Ephydatia gutenbergiana gemmule
Paleofauna of the Messel Formation
Paleofauna_of_the_Messel_Formation
American philanthropist (1826–1890)
movement because despite his religious prejudices Brace believed that one's "gemmules" (an early, pre-genetic concept that blood carried a family's heritability
Charles_Loring_Brace
Species of sponge
more often in freshwater sponges, they can reduce their bodies or produce gemmules or "cysts" which form a hard, protective coating over the asexual larvae
Anheteromeyenia_argyrosperma
1868 book by Charles Darwin
offspring with the mixing of the gemmules producing offspring with 'blended' characteristics of the parents. Gemmules could also remain dormant for several
The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
The_Variation_of_Animals_and_Plants_Under_Domestication
Species of gastropod
terminating in a row of oval gemmules, about 15 mm[needs independent confirmation] on the body whorl. Just posterior to the gemmules is a fine spiral thread
Maoritomella_multiplex
Extinct species of gastropod
penultimate, but on the body-whorl they become subobsolete and irregular, the gemmules being far more numerous and closely spaced. The axial sculpture does not
Gemmocolus_gemmata
Species of gastropod
lines, gemmulate at the several points of junction with the ribs. The gemmules are shining, often pale. The body whorl possesses fourteen such lirae,
Crassispira_chazaliei
Species of sponge
National Park is highly unusual in that the sponges there do not produce gemmules, which suggests that the environment in the lakes is very stable. This
Radiospongilla_sceptroides
Extinct species of gastropod
umbilicated. It shows oblique axial riblets on the upper whorls, reduced to gemmules upon the spiral lirae on the lower whorls. Sculpture: The protoconch is
Zetela_praetextilis
Paleontological site in Lebanon
ISBN 978-2-85653-785-5. Petit, Gilles; Charbonnier, Sylvain (2012). "Fossil sponge gemmules, epibionts of Carpopenaeus garassinoi n. sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda) from
Sahel_Alma_(fossil_site)
Species of gastropod
strength. The points of intersection are produced into transversely oval gemmules. The interstices between the spirals are of about equal width as the cords
Mitromorpha_gemmata
Species of gastropod
Sculpture : The whorls are strongly keeled at the periphery and with a row of gemmules set slightly oblique thereon. On the body whorl there is a lower smooth
Paracomitas_augusta
Species of gastropod
The aperture is ovate. The outer lip is simple. It has a double row of gemmules on the lirae below the sutures, and at the base, around the umbilicus.
Cyclostrema_solariellum
Life of Charles Darwin from 1873 to 1882
graft vegetable plants in experiments aimed at finding out about the "gemmules" which Darwin thought formed the mechanism of inheritance of characteristics
Darwin from Insectivorous Plants to Worms
Darwin_from_Insectivorous_Plants_to_Worms
Du; Xun Lian Wang; Tsuyoshi Komiya (2015). "Potential Ediacaran sponge gemmules from the Yangtze Gorges area in South China". Gondwana Research. 28 (3):
2015_in_paleontology
Extinct species of gastropod
"V"-shaped, with its apex on the uppermost of the strong cords. There are weak gemmules on the sinus carina over the early whorls. Aperture and canal as in quadricarinatus
Veruturris_tomopleuroides
Species of gastropod
irregular, somewhat marked, and frequently cutting up the spirals into minute gemmules. The sutures are impressed, usually margined with a wider riblet. The aperture
Maorimorpha_suteri
Species of gastropod
square-cut peripheral carina which are studded with vertically fused gemmules. The subsutural fold consists of two gemmate cords. The shoulder is concave
Oliveragemmula_diomedea
Species of gastropod
ochraceous-yellow. The shell is adorned with closely arranged, spiral, white gemmules. it contains 9 whorls, the apical white and simple, the lower whorls impressed
Drillia_ochroleuca
Israeli historian of modern life sciences
and Reflections by Jacques Loeb. Biological Theory 4(4): 323–332. 2010. Gemmules and Elements: On Darwin's and Mendel's Concepts and Methods in Heredity
Ute_Deichmann
Species of demosponge
columella in 1874, taking particular note of its "exceedingly abundant" gemmules. Émile Topsent then moved the species to Stylinos in 1891. He argued that
Hemimycale_columella
1127/0077-7749/2012/0247. Gilles Petit; Sylvain Charbonnier (2012). "Fossil sponge gemmules, epibionts of Carpopenaeus garassinoi n. sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda) from
2012 in arthropod paleontology
2012_in_arthropod_paleontology
Species of gastropod
(7 in the body whorl), crossed by alternate strong or thin lirae, and gemmuled at the points of junction. The ovate aperture is narrow. The incrassate
Pseudorhaphitoma_averina
Genus of sponges
beach are often turquoise-blue. All P. suberitoides specimens contain gemmules, which are not usually produced by marine sponges. P. suberitoides is mostly
Pseudospongosorites
Genus of gastropods
high and the base is contracted. The spire shows a peripheral cord with gemmules. The anal sinus is deep and its crest reaches the peripheral cord. The
Gemmuloborsonia
Species of gastropod
shoulder shows 5 to 9 spiral threads. It is strongly gemmate with about 24 gemmules on the penultimate whorl. The aperture with the siphonal canal measures
Oliveragemmula_vagata
Species of gastropod
protoconch. It is beautifully encircled with microscopic cancellae, which are gemmuled at the points of junction, giving a sericeous appearance to the surface
Daphnella_xylois
Species of gastropod
with reddish brown between the nodules, with a second series of yellow gemmules, with a reddish-brown lira beneath it, situated a little below the middle
Crassispira_flavonodulosa
Species of gastropod
distance from the keel. The crossing-points are produced into small oval gemmules. The base is spirally striate, all the striae in front of the aperture
Antiguraleus_mundus
Species of gastropod
The remaining whorls are ornamented with a peripheral band of rounded gemmules. There is a second band just above the suture, comprising much finer beads
Anachis_remoensis
Species of gastropod
whorls show lirate ribs. They are spirally crossed by denser lirae forming gemmules in the junctions. The white aperture is ovate-oblong with a glassy interior
Taranidaphne_amphitrites
Family of sponges
are smooth and range in consistency from rigid to hard and stone-like. Gemmules are located at the sponge base or strictly adhering to the substrate. When
Potamolepidae
Extinct species of gastropod
per whorl. Shoulder with a subsutural band of recurrently oblique oval gemmules, and two similar but much weaker bands immediately above the coronated
Cochlespira_venusta
Life and work of Charles Darwin from Orchids to Variation
setting out his hypothesis about heredity, that "pangenesis" brought "gemmules" from every cell of the body to the reproductive organs, where they formed
Darwin from Orchids to Variation
Darwin_from_Orchids_to_Variation
Species of gastropod
specimen the point of junction between the longitudinal and spiral lirae is gemmuled with shining small papillae. The shell contains seven or eight whorls.
Kermia_foraminata
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
Boy/Male
Native American
Skunk.
Boy/Male
Latin
Sells herbs.
Biblical
brother of ruin or folly
Girl/Female
British, English, Hebrew, Latin
Mer means from the See and Isa means Good Smell
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Clever; Beautiful; Cute
Male
Hawaiian
Hawaiian form of English Anthony, possibly ANAKONI means "invaluable."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Desired, Celebrated
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Tamil
Goddess Parvati; Moon Light
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Hidden. Chaste.
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
GEMMULE
n.
One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
n.
One of the buds of mosses.
n.
A bud produced in generation by gemmation.
n.
A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.
a.
Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.
n.
The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of Radicle.
n.
One of the reproductive spores of algae.
n.
An ovule.